龙泉市10-15岁女生月经初潮情况调查

目的　通过对龙泉市1016名10-15岁女生月经初潮情况调查,分析月经初潮发生的规律,为健康教育和疾病研究提供科学依据。方法　采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取龙泉市1所中学、2所小学10-15岁女生1016名。采用填写问卷的形式进行调查。调查内容包括：出生地、父母职业、月经初潮的年月、经期相关知识知晓程度及途径等。计算月经初潮的年龄精确到0.1岁。结果　龙泉市女生月经初潮的平均年龄为12.02±0.93岁,与2005年全国汉族女生月经初潮平均年龄12.76岁相比提前0.74岁(t＝－20.04, P=0.00),10岁以内初潮发生率占0.98%,比2005年全国汉族女生月经初潮10岁以内发生率0.48%高(X2=4.375,P=0.036)。结论　龙泉市女生月经初潮年龄较全国2005年汉族女生平均水平提前0.74岁,10岁以内初潮发生率高于全国2005年汉族女生平均水平。     

七城市铁路中学女生月经初潮年龄及性心理行为调查

为了解 7城市铁路中学女生月经初潮年龄和性心理行为状况 ,采用“健康教育调查表”对 7市铁路中学 2 44 7名女生进行调查。结果显示 ,7市女生月经初潮平均年龄为 12 .47～ 13.40岁 ,其中以广州市最早 ,哈尔滨市最晚。手淫、早恋和性冲动发生率 ,不同城市之间有显著性差异。结论 :近 10年来 ,女生初潮年龄明显提前 ,青少年需要适时接受性教育     

格尔木市女学生月经初潮规律的调查分析

本文对高原地区格尔木市女生的月经初潮时间在年龄、季节分布上的规律进行了调查分析。结果显示：格尔木市女生的半数月经初潮年龄为１３．０１岁,较１９８５年青海 汉族女生的月经初潮年龄提前了０．５岁,母女初潮年龄比较平均相差０．８５岁,差别这意义。在季节分布中存在季节高峰,时间是夏季。     

月经来潮与形态,机能和素质发育

石家庄市女生半数月经初潮年龄城市为12.76岁,乡村为13.43岁。早发育女生的形态发育水平比晚发育女生高一个等级(均值十标准差),体重高二个等级(均值+2个标准差)。来潮组女生的收缩压高于未来潮组。城市女生在青春发育期普遍存在身体素质发育的“惰性现象”,但是在大体上来潮组和未来潮组的素质发育水平没有显著性差异。     

广州八高校女大学生月经初潮年龄调查分析

目的了解广州地区女大学生的月经初潮状况,为青春期教育提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样及回顾性调查的方法,对广州地区八高校女生进行无记名问卷调查。结果八高校女生月经初潮平均年龄为(13.51±1.29)岁,不同生源地女生月经初潮平均年龄存在差异(P<0.05)。结论广州地区八高校女生月经初潮平均年龄比广州市乡村女生大,比省外部分高校女生小。环境、经济、营养、气候等因素对月经初潮有较大影响,广东地区学校应加强及提早开展学生青春期性教育。     

福建闽南地区汉族女生月经初潮状况调查

目的：了解福建闽南地区汉族女生月经初潮状况,探讨其影响因素。方法：采用回顾性调查法及身高、体重测量方法,调查1000名女生,内容包括出生地、出生年月、初潮年龄、月经异常状况。结果：闽南地区汉族女生平均初潮年龄为（13．69±1．24）岁,城镇与农村女生月经初潮年龄差异无统计学意义。各初潮年龄段的女生身高、体重差异均无统计学意义。月经周期异常率15．90％,月经经期异常率13．30％。结论：闽南地区汉族女生月经初潮年龄无城乡差异,月经周期异常率和月经经期异常率较高,应加强青春期卫生知识教育。     

山东地区近20年来汉族青少年骨龄的调查研究

目的 了解山东地区近20年来汉族青少年骨骼发育的变化趋势.方法 对山东省5个市区(青岛、烟台、淄博、莱芜和高密)健康汉族青少年5 612人进行膝部和踝部X线摄片,观察其干骺融合情况,计算各长骨干骺融合时间.同时,测量其身高、体质量、胸围并询问女生月经初潮时间.结果 男女膝、踝部各长骨干骺融合时间、女生月经初潮时间较以往文献报道结果有提前的趋势.膝踝部各长骨干骺融合时间与生长指标及女生月经初潮时间呈高度正相关(r=0.801～0.999,P<0.05).结论 山东地区青少年的生长发育有明显提前的趋势,应慎用以往的骨龄评定标准.     

新入学女大学生初潮年龄调查及相关因素分析

目的:了解安徽地区大学新入学女生初潮年龄现状与初潮年龄的影响因素,为青春期发育研究和防治性早熟等提供科学依据.方法:以皖南医学院2008年所有新入学汉族女生为调查对象,用自制调查表进行调查.结果:月经初潮年龄有所提前,城市平均为13.00±1.35岁,农村平均为13.26±1.20岁.城郊为13.08±1.29岁,城乡差别有显著性意义,但城乡差异与过去类似资料相比有减小,且初潮年龄还与健康状况、挑食与否及父母文化程度、家庭经济状况密切相关.结论:适当调整饮食结构、减少不良信息刺激、提高健康状况有利于防止初潮早现.     

儿少卫生学

儿少卫生学叶广俊青春期性问题、性健康教育越来越受到人们的关注。目前它已成为儿少卫生领域一个非常重要的研究课题。一、青春期月经初潮年龄提前１９９１年中国学生体质与健康监测报告资料，北京城市女生初潮年龄为１２．５０岁，而６０年代北京城市女作者单位：１００...     

银川铁路地区3所中小学女生月经初潮的调查

为了解银川铁路地区女生月经初潮年龄等与身体形态发育指标的关系 ,于 2 0 0 0年 10至 11月份采取询问调查及形态指标测量方法对管内银川地区 3所中小学女生进行调查。结果表明 ,月经初潮年龄最小为 9岁 ,最大为 15岁 ,初潮均龄 12 .6 8± 1.118岁。月经初潮率以 12岁为最高 38.97% ;月经初潮季节分布 ,夏季人数最多 (占 35 .6 1% ) ,春秋次之 (各占 2 5 .75 %、2 1.13% ) ,冬季最少 (占 17.5 1% ) ;已潮和未潮的身高、体重、胸围 3项指标经t检验 (P <0 .0 1) ,说明已潮者的身体发育指标均值都高于或明显高于未来月经组     

Malnutrition Prevalence in Lasa Xizang Children and Adolescents

Objective To assess the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adolescents in Xizang （Tibet）. Methods We analyzed data from the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 pertaining to Tibetan children and adolescents in Lase （Lhasa）, aged 7-18 years old. Numbers of survey subjects for these years were：2 393, 2 754, 2 397, and 2 643, respectively. Results Our results indicated that the rate of occurrence of stunting in Tibet has evidenced a gradual decline：for boys, from 26.8%in 2000 to 9.3%in 2010;and for girls, from 25.8%in 2000 to 10.8%in 2010. In general, the wasting rate for both boys and girls in Tibet has gradually decreased over time：for boys, from 17.7%in 1995 to 4.6%in 2005;and for girls from 12.5%in 1995 to 2.3%in 2005. The stunting rates of boys aged 7-13 years old and of girls aged 7-11 years old were 67.5%and 53.1%, respectively, while these rates for boys aged 14-18 years old and girls aged 12-18 years old were 32.5%and 46.9%, respectively. Conclusion Stunting and wasting rates of Tibetan children and adolescents indicate a gradual declining trend over time. The stunting rates of both boys and girls during early puberty were significantly higher than those during late puberty.     

中国11~18岁汉族男生肥胖与首次遗精年龄的相关性分析

目的：分析我国11~18岁汉族男生肥胖与首次遗精年龄的相关性。方法：从2010年全国体质调研数据中选取11~18岁汉族男生的身高、体重、遗精报告情况,计算体质指数（body mass index,BMI）, 采用概率单位回归法计算半数首次遗精年龄。采用卡方检验分析11~18岁不同营养状况与遗精报告率的相关性, 采用U检验比较肥胖组与非肥胖组半数首次遗精年龄的差异。结果：在城市男生12岁和17岁年龄组,乡村男生13岁年龄组,不同营养状况之间的遗精报告率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。半数首次遗精年龄在肥胖组和非肥胖组间差异具有统计学意义,肥胖组（13.90岁）较非肥胖组（14.00岁）提前（P<0.05）。结论：肥胖可能使男生首次遗精年龄提前。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents: reassessment of 1985 and 1995 data against new standard international definitions.

OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australian children and adolescents in two national samples, 10 years apart, using the new standard international definitions of the International Obesity Task Force Childhood Obesity Working Group. DESIGN: Body mass index (BMI) cut-off points defining overweight and obesity were applied to the individual BMI values in the two cross-sectional samples. SETTING: Australian community. PARTICIPANTS: 8,492 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years (Australian Health and Fitness Survey, 1985) and 2,962 children aged 2-18 years (National Nutrition Survey, 1995). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: In the 1985 sample, 9.3% of boys and 10.6% of girls were overweight and a further 1.7% [corrected] of boys and 1.6% [corrected] of girls were obese. In the 1995 sample, overall 15.0% of boys (varied with age from 10.4% to 20.0%) and 15.8% of girls (varied with age from 14.5% to 17.2%) were overweight, and a further 4.5% of boys (2.4%-6.8%) and 5.3% of girls (4.2%-6.3%) were obese. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the 1995 sample peaked at 12-15 years in boys and 7-11 years in girls. In schoolchildren aged 7-15 years, the rates represent a relative risk of overweight in 1995 compared with 1985 of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.59-2.00) and of obesity of 3.28 (95% CI, 2.51-4.29). Compared with previous estimates from these samples, the revised prevalence data are slightly higher for the 1985 data and considerably higher for the 1995 data. CONCLUSION: The secular trend of increasing overweight and obesity in the decade from 1985 and the high prevalence rates in Australian children and adolescents are a major public health concern.     

2010年全国中小学生体育锻炼行为现状及原因分析

目的：了解我国中小学生体育锻炼现状,为开展学校体育卫生工作提供科学依据。方法：对30个省（区、市）参加2010年全国学生体质健康调研的166 812名汉族4年级以上小学生、初中生和高中生进行体育锻炼与生活方式问卷调查,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归分析不同群体之间的差异。结果：全国仅有22.7%的汉族中小学生平均每天体育锻炼1 h以上,9~13、13~16和16~19岁年龄段体育锻炼1 h以上报告率分别为32.7%、20.7%和12.5%（P<0.01）;不同年龄段学生中,东部地区学生平均每天体育锻炼1 h的报告率均明显高于西部地区学生（P<0.05）。有61.8%的学生认为上体育课“会出汗、有点累”,有68.6%的学生表示喜欢上体育课,72.4%的学生愿意参加学校组织的课外体育活动,有46.4%的学生愿意参加长跑锻炼。“怕累、怕吃苦”是不同性别、年龄段学生认为同学不积极参加体育活动和不喜欢参加长跑锻炼的最主要原因。结论：我国学生体育锻炼1 h的报告率较低,不同群体间存在明显差异,今后除进一步保证学生体育锻炼的时间和强度外,还应加强其体育锻炼意识和习惯的培养。     

A cohort study of correlation between body mass index and age at menarche in healthy Bengali girls

There are contradictory reports of lowering of age at menarche due to increasing body mass index (BMI) in the population. It is not known if a greater BMI at menarche is associated with a lower menarcheal age in healthy Bengali girls of normal nutrition. In this study the age at menarche was determined in 273 Bengali girls of middle income families. It was assessed whether BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) at menarche, BMI SDS at one year preceding menarche and BMI increments during that year were in correlation with age at menarche. The age of the girls with adequate nutrition was 8-16 years. They were examined for BMI, pubertal breast staging and age at menarche over a 4-year follow-up period. BMI SDS were calculated from National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) normative data. The median age at menarche of 12.0 (range 10.0 - 16.0) years did not correlate with BMI SDS at menarche or BMI SDS at one year preceding menarche in this cohort. In univariate analysis, BMI increments for a given breast stage did not significantly lower the age at menarche. The change of BMI in the year preceding menarche did not correlate with age at menarche. The age at menarche in healthy Bengali girls of middle income families was similar to that of other Indian observations. There was no influence of BMI increments or that of BMI SDS prior to or at menarche on age at menarche.     

The Influence of Secular Trends in Body Height and Weight on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students’ Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height: SHY; standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method. Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7%among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P < 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P < 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12.     

The epidemic tendency of dental caries prevalence of school students from 1991 to 2005 in China

The epidemic tendency of dental caries of school students over the past 15 years in China was analyzed in order to provide bases for prevention of dental caries.Data sets of boys and girls at the age of 7,9,12 years(deciduous caries)and 7,9,12,14,17 years(permanent caries)were collected from the series of Chinese National Surveillance on Students' Constitution and Health(CNSSCH)between 1991 to 2005,a survey that covers 30 provinces of and autonomous regions of China,with Tibet Autonomous Region and Taiwan P...     

Nutrition in Chinese-Korean Children and Adolescents

ObjectiveTo study the nutrition habits among Chinese-Korean children and adolescents in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China. MethodsData were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 for Chinese-Korean children and adolescents aged 7-18 years.The number of the subjects included was 4789, 4704, 5875, and 5315, respectively. ResultsThe rate of the occurrence of stunting showed a declining trend from 1995 to 2010 (for boys:urban, 6.3%; rural, 12.7% in 1995 and 3.5% for both in 2010. For girls: urban, 7.8%; rural, 13.4% in 1995 and 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively, in 2010). Although the ratio of wasting did not show significant differences between the urban and rural children and adolescents in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 respectively, the ratio of occurrence of overweight or obesity increased (for boys: urban, 7.3% and 1.3%in 1995, 17.6% and 12.9% in 2010; rural, 7.0% and 1.3% in 1995, 14.6% and 12.8% in 2010, respectively. For girls: urban, 8.1% and 1.0% in 1995, 17.3% and 8.6% in 2010; rural 5.7% and 0.7% in 1995, 16.4%and 7.4% in 2010, respectively). ConclusionThe ratio of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Chinese-Korean areas declined from 1995 to 2010, and the distinction in malnutrition between the urban and rural areas was negligible in 2010. Further, the ratio of overweight and obesity increased over this period.     

Height centile curve for child and adolescents in Shaanxi province

Objective:It has been recommended that age-related centile curves of anthropometric indexes(such as height,weight)be used rountinly to evaluate the growth and development statues in children.Prewsented here is the age-related height centile curves for children aged 0-18 years in Shaanxi,China,1995.Methods:Data of the Shaanxi population were retrieved from The Third Nationwide Growth Survey to construct the age-related height centile curves.The LMS method was used for curve fitting;all analyses were carried out on the basis of different sexes through a special program for LMS(λ-median-coefficient)method which was devised by Cole TJ.Results:Centile curves for boys and girls,showing similar age-related features but girls‘ puberty coming two years earlier than boys‘.The period of puberty growth increment was about 2 years longer for boys.At age 18,boys were taller than girls for about 14 cm.Compared with beight standard of NCHS(national center of bealth statistics).Shaanxi children were taller than American children before 14 years for boys,12 years for girls,but after 15 years for boys and 13 years for girls,Shaanxi chilgren were shorter than American ones.At age 18,Shaanxi children was 5.6 cm for boys and 4.9 cm for girls shorter than NCHS.Shaanxi children‘s height increase range from 1958 to 1995 at the same age was 4.9-15.1 cm,with the mean of 9.59 cm for boys,and 3.7-12.5 cm,with the mean of 8.38 cm for girls.Between 1958-1995,the increasing velocity every ten years were 2.57 cm for boys and 2.26 cm for girls,which indicated that the children have reached the optimum.Conclusion:By means of LMS method,we constructed age-related height centile curves for Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years,these height centile curves are the first one for the Chinese children.It can be used as a reference for assessing growth and development status of Shaanxi children aged 0-18 years.     

Age at maximum growth spurt in body height for Saudi school children aged 9-18 years

OBJECTIVE: To provide growth reference values in body height, to determine the specific age at peak height velocity for Saudi male and female adolescences aged 9-18 years and to evaluate the appropriateness of using the Centers for Disease Control/National Center for Health Statistics (CDC/NCHS) growth standards in body height for the assessment of Saudi adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional anthropometric survey was conducted in 1053 Saudi male and female school children living in Riyadh city. The study sample was collected in the year 2000 and data were completed and refined in the year 2002. Standing height measurements were recorded for each subject using standard measuring techniques. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th percentiles for body height were calculated separately for boys and girls in one year intervals. The median reference values were compared with the corresponding values in the CDC/NHCS and with other similar studies on Saudi population. RESULTS: The results revealed that the age at peak height velocity for Saudi boys is 13-14 years and for Saudi girls is 10-11 years. The median value for body height at 18 years old for male and female was comparable with other studies reported in similar ethnic group. CONCLUSION: The use of the CDC/NCHS growth standard for height does not appear appropriate for the assessment of growth of Saudi children aged 9-18 years.