垂体柄在低场FLAIR MR中的表现

目的 研究垂体柄在FLAIR图像上的信号强度及表现特征。方法 选择145例患者应用低场磁共振进行SE T1WI、FSE T2WI、FLAIR 3个序列扫描，对垂体柄的信号强度及表现进行评估。结果 在FLAIR图像上垂体柄呈高信号强度的占70．3％(102／145)，呈等信号的占29．7％(43／145)。当扫描层面穿过垂体柄上端时，垂体柄呈圆圈状；当扫描层面穿过垂体柄中段和末端时，垂体柄则呈圆点状；边缘均清晰。在T1WI上垂体柄呈等信号强度的占95．2％(138／145)，在T2WI上垂体柄呈等信号强度的占51％(74／145)，边缘多数欠清晰。在矢状位FLAIR图像上垂体柄呈窄“V”形，上宽下窄，边缘呈线状高信号，中间呈脑脊液样低信号。在T1WI上，垂体柄显示清晰呈“Y”形：在T2WI上，垂体柄显示不清。结论 垂体柄常呈高信号强度并存在于所有年龄组，推测是因垂体柄富含液体成份造成垂体柄的T2值延长所致。在轴位和正中矢状位上FLAIR图像能比T1WI、T2WI更清晰地显示垂体柄的形态和结构。     

垂体后叶抗利尿激素分泌的MRI观察

本文通过健康志原者１３人于吸烟前后行垂体矢状位ＭＲ扫描,测量正中矢状位垂体后叶信号强度比及高信号面积,结果显示：吸烟前垂体后叶均呈短Ｔ＿１高信号,吸烟后９例（６９．３％）垂体后叶信号强度下降,前下部变为等信号：吸烟前后垂体后叶信号强度及高信号面积明显变化（Ｐ＜０００１）。     

国人鼻泪管冠状位CT扫描基线的定位

目的　探讨国人鼻泪管冠状位CT扫描的最佳基线。②方法　随机选取 2 8例 (男 2 0例 ,女 8例 )正中矢状位切开的尸头 ,解剖鼻泪管 ,观察鼻泪管的走向并测量鼻泪管在矢状面上的投影与额最高点至前鼻棘连线的夹角 ,并根据此角度对随机选取的 5例完整尸头进行冠状位CT扫描 ,同一角度对扫描后的尸头进行冠状位切片 ,并比较两种方法所测鼻泪管是否吻合。③结果　鼻泪管在矢状面上的投影与额最高点至前鼻棘连线的夹角为8.74°± 1 .39° ,两种方法所测鼻泪管结果一致。④结论　依此角度进行冠状位CT扫描 ,可以完整地显现出鼻泪管全貌     

术前磁共振成像在经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术中的临床价值研究

目的 探讨术前磁共振成像相关定位数据测量和瘤体质地评估在经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术中的指导应用及对垂体功能的保护作用。 方法 回顾性分析中国科学技术大学第一附属医院2017年1月—2019年9月行经鼻蝶垂体瘤切除术的80例垂体瘤患者临床资料,术前、术后均进行MRI影像检查和垂体激素水平检测,对术前MRI矢状位和冠状位图像数据进行定位测量和垂体瘤质地评估。 结果 80例患者中有65例垂体大腺瘤和15例垂体小腺瘤,矢状位上鼻小柱至鞍底前壁中点距离为(71.32±2.04) mm;上述测量线与鼻底平面之间的夹角为(31.24±5.8)°;冠状位上颈内动脉海绵窦段间距为(20.74±0.48) mm;质地软的肿瘤呈高信号为主,质中和质硬的肿瘤呈低信号为主,增强扫描后瘤体明显强化。将所测量的数值应用于术中,所有患者均顺利抵达鞍底切除肿物,术后复查MRI提示肿瘤全切63例,次全切13例,部分切除4例。 结论 术前应用磁共振成像进行定位数据测量和瘤体质地评估有助于指导术者经鼻蝶顺利充分切除肿瘤,避免正常垂体组织损伤,利于彻底切除肿瘤,从而使患者激素恢复正常水平,为今后临床应用提供了一定的帮助。      

垂体后叶MRI信号强度测量的意义

目的：探讨垂体后叶信号强度测量的价值。方法：低场MRI正中矢状位T1W1图像上测量正常人（193例）、中枢性尿崩症（31例）及肺癌（33例）的垂体后叶信号强度,并与桥脑的信号强度相比较。结果：正常垂体后叶82．9％呈高信号,17．1％呈等信号,无低信号出现;中枢性尿崩症（96．8％）、部分肺癌（42．4％）的垂体后叶呈低信号,信号强度比（SIR）小于0．93。结论：正常垂体后叶未见低信号、垂体后叶低信号是病理性的。     

头颅MRI在女童中枢性性早熟诊断中的价值

目的 通过头颅MRI观察中枢性性早熟女童在不同年龄段垂体的大小、形态及信号变化,探讨MRI在女童中枢性性早熟诊断中的价值。方法 收集2013年10月~2014年8月在昆明医科大学附属儿童医院(以下简称“我院”)确诊为中枢性性早熟的102例女童为病例组,同时在我院选取92例同时期入院的无内分泌疾病的同龄女童为对照组。按年龄分成<6岁、6~8岁、>8~10岁3个亚组,将鞍区MRI SE序列T1WI冠状位、正中矢状位平扫,同时用垂体形态、大小及信号等指标与对照组进行对比分析。结果 垂体MRI影像学分析显示,病例组有10例垂体结构异常(垂体微腺瘤2例,Rathke囊肿2例,Rathke裂6例)。病例组与对照组相同年龄段比较,矢状高径、矢状前后径、冠状高径、冠状宽径测量值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。病例组垂体上缘83.7%为隆凸型,对照组79.3%为平坦型,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039);垂体后叶形态各异,但均为高信号(100%)。结论中枢性性早熟女童上缘隆凸型垂体出现率高于正常儿童,垂体高径增加可反映下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴提前启动,对临床诊断有重要的价值。     

Rathke囊肿与垂体位置关系的MRI研究

目的：利用MRI研究Rathke囊肿与垂体的位置关系及其鉴别诊断价值。方法：将48例经手术病理证实的Rathke囊肿设为囊肿组,将误诊为Rathke囊肿的垂体腺瘤18例设为对照组,利用MRI观察2组病灶在冠状位及矢状位上与垂体的位置关系,并作统计学分析。结果：①冠状位囊肿组居于垂体中份者出现率大于对照组,其差异有统计学意义（校正?字2=37.898,P=0.000）。②矢状位上囊肿组与垂体前后叶间的位置关系有3种,以位于垂体前后叶间（38例,79.2%）最多见,对照组中除4例腺瘤难以分辨与垂体前后叶的位置关系外,其余14例均位于前叶。③矢状位上囊肿组病灶出现层面与垂体柄均有交叉,其上缘多位于垂体柄垂体插入部之后（32例,66.7%）;对照组中腺瘤出现层面与垂体柄交叉或不交叉,发生交叉者（12例,66.7%）,其上缘位于垂体柄垂体插入部之后少见（1例,8.3%）,2组柄后出现率差异有统计学意义（校正?字2=10.947;P=0.001）。结论：Rathke囊肿与垂体的位置关系有一定规律可循,且与垂体腺瘤存在着较大差异,当囊肿冠状位居于垂体中份,矢状位居于垂体前后叶间,其上缘位于垂体柄垂体插入部之后时具有较高的诊断价值。     

双回波化学位移成像技术在脂肪肝诊断中的应用

目的评价双回波化学位移成像技术诊断脂肪肝的价值。方法正常组66例,脂肪肝组32例。所有病例均行双回波快速扰相梯度回波序列1次屏气扫描,同时获得同相位和反相位全肝图像,分别测定肝脏、脾脏的信号强度,计算肝脾信号比值(肝脾比值=肝脏信号强度/脾脏信号强度),检查两组信号强度及肝脾比值有无显著性差异。结果反相位上脂肪肝组肝脏信号(168±23)ms,明显低于脾脏信号(183±19)ms,而正常组肝脏信号(195±25)ms高于脾脏信号(175±19)ms,两组间信号强度的差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05);肝脾比值分别为脂肪肝组(0.91±0.04),正常组(1.12±0.08),其差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.05)。同相位上脂肪肝组肝脏信号为(213±22)ms,正常组肝脏信号为(219±26)ms,两组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肝脾比值分别为脂肪肝组为(1.18±0.13),正常组为(1.26±0.15),两组间的差异无统计学意义(P=0.12)。结论双回波化学位移成像技术能准确地诊断脂肪肝。     

丘脑的薄层断面定位解剖和三维重建

目的　对丘脑的神经核团进行薄层断面定位解剖和计算机三维重建 ,为功能和立体定向神经外科在丘脑区域的手术提供解剖资料。方法　采用大体标本冰冻薄层断面切片技术 ,将人脑从冠状位、矢状位和轴位 3个方位进行0 43mm的薄层连续切片 ,以连合间径线的中点为原点建立空间坐标 ,对丘脑内部神经核团进行定位测量 ;在SGI工作站 ,对首例中国数字化可视人体数据集中丘脑的内部核团进行计算机三维重建。结果　丘脑内侧核分别出现在冠状位的Y0～Y -3 0层面 ,矢状位的X +6～X +2 4层面 ,轴位的Z0～Z +4 0层面 ;丘脑外侧核分别出现在冠状位的Y +10～Y -3 6层面 ,矢状位的X +14～X +3 8层面 ,轴位的Z0～Z +4 0层面 ;测得的丘脑内侧核靶心坐标 (X ,Y ,Z)为 5 12± 1 13、-6 68±1 5 7、7 5 8± 1 2 7,丘脑外侧核的靶心坐标为 12 47± 1 2 1、-5 43± 1 19、10 64± 1 78;丘脑内部神经核团的三维重建清晰显示出丘脑内部神经核团的立体形态、空间位置和毗邻关系。结论　丘脑的薄层断面定位解剖和三维重建 ,便于手术者掌握丘脑的空间形态 ,对于功能和立体定向神经外科在丘脑区域的手术具有重要的参考价值     

多层螺旋CT多平面平行范围重建技术对眶尖骨折的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多平面重建(MPR)及任意角度的平行范围重建(PRR)对眶尖骨折的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析58例眶尖区骨折患者的MSCT单独轴位、轴位+斜矢状位、轴位+冠状位,轴位+斜矢状位+冠状位及轴位+MPR+PRR成像对眶尖骨折的诊断价值。结果:在轴位+MPR+PRR检出的58例眶尖骨折患者中,通过横断面图像、横断面+矢状面检出、横断面+冠状面检出、轴位+斜矢状位+冠状位分别检出31、35、44、47例;轴位+MPR+PRR成像总检出病灶455处,明显高于单独轴位、轴位+斜矢状位、轴位+冠状位,轴位+斜矢状位+冠状位检出的病变处,轴位+MPR+PRR成像与单独轴位、轴位+斜矢状位比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且病变定位更准确,可发现更细微的病变。结论:在眼外伤的诊断中,MSCT冠状位、矢状位、MPR+PRR是轴位图像必要的补充诊断方法,并且MPR+PRR在眼外伤的诊断中具有重要价值,特别是对疑有眶尖骨折的患者,MPR+PRR应作为常规方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.