环丙沙星血药浓度的高效液相色谱法测定及人体药代动力学

本文建立了一种反相高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）测定环丙沙星血药浓度的方法。固定相为５μｍＵｌｆｒａｓｐｈｅｒｅ－ＯＤＳ，流动相为柠檬酸，醋酸钠与０．１％的三乙胺组成的缓冲液，乙腈，流速１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，室温ＵＶ检测波长２７８ｎｍ。线性范围０．１２５－１６．０μｇ／ｍｌ，ｒ＝０．９９９７，最低检测限０．０２５μｇ／ｍｌ。５例感洒病人的ＣＰＦ药时曲线用非房室模型拟合动力学参数结果：ＡＵＣ＝１１．１±２．８ｍ     

HPLC法测定SHR血清中硝苯地平浓度及其药代动力学研究

目的建立血清中硝苯地平浓度的ＨＰＬＣ测定法，研究其在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）体内的药动学。方法ＳＨＲ灌胃给与硝苯地平１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，用ＨＰＬＣ法测定硝苯地平血清浓度。用乙酸乙酯提取出血清中的硝苯地平，在５０℃水浴中用氮气吹干，残渣用流动相溶解后进样。选用ｓｈｉｍＰａｃｋＣＬＣ－ＯＤＳ柱，甲醇－水（６∶４）作流动相，检测波长２３５ｎｍ。结果：硝苯地平最低检出浓度为０．０２μｇ／ｍｌ，标准曲线线性范围为０．０２～５．０μｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ＝０．９９９７），血样平均回收率为９８．０９％。硝苯地平在大鼠体内的药动学符合一定开放模型，其参数为Ｔ１／２ｋａ＝０．８２８±０．５５ｈ，Ｔ１／２ｋｅ＝３．１７±２．３２ｈ，Ｔｍａｘ＝２．１２±１．４７ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ＝２．７８±１．５０μｇ／ｍｌ和ＡＵＣ＝２４．５±２９．２ｈ·μｇ／ｍｌ。结论本法能满足血清中硝苯地平浓度测定及药动学研究的需要。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中大黄酸含量及药动学研究

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中大黄酸的含量，研究大黄酸在正常人体内的药物动力学。方法：色谱柱为ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ１８５μ，２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ；流动相为甲醇－水－冰乙酸（８０∶２０∶０．５，ｐＨ３．７），紫外λ／ｎｍ２５４ｎｍ检测。用３Ｐ８７程序计算６名健康志愿者口服１００ｍｇ大黄酸后的药动学参数。结果：血药浓度在０．１～１０．０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系良好，其相关系数ｒ＝０．９９９４，最小检测浓度３０ｎｇ／ｍｌ。回收率＞９１．８％；日内、日间相对标准偏差（ＲＳＤ）分别＜８．４％、１０．３％（ｎ＝５）。主要药动学参数为ｔ１／２＝４．０８±０．５３ｈ，ｔｍａｘ＝２．２４±０．６３ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ＝１１．８５±５．０３μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ０→∞＝９３．４±４３．５μｇ／（ｈ·ｍｌ）。结论：该方法简单、灵敏，并为大黄酸的进一步研究开发创造了条件     

高效液相色谱法测定舒他西林片中氨苄青霉素的血药浓度及药动学研究

采用ＨＰＬＣ－荧光检测法测定舒他西林片中氨苄青霉素的血药浓度，采用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＯＤＳ柱，流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液（０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ＝４．０）－乙腈（７８２２，Ｖ／Ｖ），标准曲线范围０．２２～１３．８９μｇ／ｍｌ，ｒ＝０．９９９７，保留时间为７．３ｍｉｎ，回收率大于９５％，日内和日间差小于７％，最低检测浓度为０．２２μｇ／ｍｌ，无内源性杂质干扰。９名受试者的主要药动学参数：Ｔ１／２＝１．０４±０．２２ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ＝１２．３５±３．１３μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｔｍａｘ＝０．８３±０．４５ｈ，ＡＵＣ＝１９．４９±３．４６μｇｈ／ｍｌ。     

人体内三氮唑核苷的药物动力学及其生物利用度

用ＨＰＬＣ法研究三氮唑核苷在９名健康受试者体内药物动力学和生物利用度。ｉｖ给药后，血药浓度－时间数据用三房室模型拟合，ｔ（１／２）γ为１７．０２±２．１９ｈ；ｐｏ给药后用二房室拟合，ｔ（１／２）β、ｔ（ｍａｘ）和Ｃ（ｍａｘ）分别为（１６．４０±３．８４）ｈ，（１．９４±０．３３）ｈ和（１．４６±０．７４）μｇ／ｍｌ。ｐｏ给药制剂绝对生物利用度为０．４０４±０．０９９。     

高效液相色谱法测定扑炎痛在人血浆中活性代谢物及生物利用度研究

采用高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中扑炎痛活性代谢物水杨酸及扑热息痛含量，以比较两种不同制剂的生物利用度。血浆中药物分别用乙醚和乙酸乙酯两步提取；ＹＷＧＣ（１８）为固定相，甲醇－ｐＨ２．１磷酸盐缓冲液（６０：５０）为流动相，测定波长为２３８ｎｍ；水杨酸和扑热息痛的检测范围分别为１．０～２００．μｇ／ｍｌ，１．０～２５．μｇ／ｍｌ，平均回收率分别为９７．５７±６．１５％，９７．４３±４．３９％。用本法测定了８名健康志愿者分别服用市售扑炎痛片剂Ａ（５００ｍｇ／片）及自制片剂以４００ｍｇ／片）后的血药浓度，结果表明Ａ、Ｂ的水杨酸血药峰浓度分别为１１３．０５，１３１．７８μｇ／ｍｌ；达峰时间分别为２．５，２．Ｏｈ；Ｂ对Ａ的相对生物利用度为１２５．５９％。     

HPLC法同时测定人血浆中四种氟喹诺酮药物的血药浓度

研究了用ＨＰＬＣ同时测定人血浆中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星和环丙沙星血药浓度的方法。采用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ（１８）色谱柱（２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ，５μｍ），以甲醇－０．００８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基溴化铵（１６：７５：１．４，ｐＨ２．６）为流动相，检测波长２８０ｎｍ，血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白后进样，简便快速，回收率稳定，对氧氟沙星，诺氟沙星，洛美沙星，环丙沙星四种氟喹诺酮药物检测的线性范围分别为：０．１０～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１１～５．４０μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１３～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１０～１０．００μｇ／ｍｌ。其方法检测限为：２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ；２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ；２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ及４０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，回收率均高于８６％。应用本法观察了健康人口服氧氟沙星和环丙沙星后的血药浓度变化。     

诺氟沙星体内浓度测定及其药动学研究

作者用反相高效液相色谱（ＲＰ—ＨＰＬＣ）测定方法，进行体内诺氟沙星的药代动力学研究。波动相：乙腈—甲醇—磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ３．００）３３∶３３∶３４，奎宁为内标，荧光２９０／４５０ｎｍ检测，线性范围０．２４４～２．９２８μｇ／ｍｌ。平均提取回收率：９７．１７±２．６８％。用本法测定１０名健康受试者口服诺氟沙星的体内药代动力学，药一时曲线符合一室模型，药代动力学参数分别为：ＡＵＣ＝４２９５．０２ｎｇ·Ｌ￣（－１）ｈ；Ｃ＿（ｍａｘ）＝７７６．９７ｎｇ／ｍｌ；Ｔ＿（ｍａｘ）＝１．３８ｈ；Ｔ１／２β＝３．１０ｈ。     

RP－HPLC法测定血浆中替诺昔康的浓度

血浆样品用二氯甲烷提取，采用ＯＤＳ柱，以甲醇－磷酸盐缓冲液－三乙胺（３０：６９．８：０．２）为流动相，炎痛喜康为内标，２５４ｎｍ为检测波长，ＲＰ－ＨＰＬＣ法测定兔口服替诺昔康片后的体内血药浓度。线性范围０．１～３０μｇ／ｍｌ，最低检测用０．１μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｓ／Ｎ＞２）．萃取回收率８５．７１％，方法回收率９９．７０％～１１０．７％。     

高效液相色谱法测定氟氧头孢的血药浓度

建立了测定氟氧头孢血药浓度的ＨＰＬＣ法。采用Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｌｌ Ｃ１８色 柱,以甲醇－乙腈－水－磷酸－三乙胺（１６：６７８：０．２８：０．４）为流动相,流速为１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,检测波长２７０ｎｍ灵敏度０．０５ＡＵＦＳ。该法线性范围为０．２５～１００μｇ／ｍｌ（ｒ－０．９９９８）,回事率大于９３％,日内、日间ＲＳＤ小于８．０％。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.