大鼠肝癌模型的化学诱导及肝癌肝移植模型的建立

目的 探讨大鼠肝癌模型的化学诱导方法和肝癌肝移植模型建立的手术操作技巧。方法 采用二乙基亚硝胺（diethylnitrosamine，DENA）诱发大鼠肝癌；在Kamada用“二袖套法”吻合血管的基础上、进行改良，并重建大鼠肝动脉血供，建立肝癌大鼠原位肝移植（OLT）模型。结果 诱癌18周以后，诱发肝癌组大鼠行肝移植和不行肝移植两组的1个月存活率分别为56．3％和21．4％，其差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．129，P〈0．05）。大鼠肝癌肝移植实验组手术成功率为87．5％，肝移植对照组手术成功率为90．0％；肝癌肝移植实验组中，移植术后肿瘤的复发和转移多表现为肺部转移和腹腔转移，而移植肝肿瘤复发仅2例；肝癌肝移植实验组和肝移植对照组的两组累积生存率差异有统计学意义。结论 DENA诱发肝癌的方法能大批量诱发出相对稳定的肝脏肿瘤；肝癌肝移植可以明显提高肝癌大鼠生存率；重建肝动脉血供的大鼠原位肝移植模型的是一个更符合生理和肿瘤演进的OLT模型。     

GSH与化疗药合用对DEN大鼠肝癌模型的作用

本研究观察GSH与化疗药合用对DEN大鼠肝癌模型的作用。DEN灌胃8mg／kg／d诱发大鼠肝癌模型。GSH预防性给药合用Adr治疗无一大鼠出现肿瘤，ChH＋Adr治疗给药大鼠肝癌发生率为12．5％（p＜0．01），Cisp和Taxol不论单用或与CSh治疗性合用大鼠肝癌发生率与DEN对照组无明显差异（P＞0．05），但3种化疗药与CSH合用模型鼠的死亡率降低。DEN诱发肝癌形成和化疗药的毒性反应均与自由基生成有关，GSH预防DEN致癌作用及降低化疗药毒性则基于它的抗氧化作用。     

枯否细胞在实验性肝癌形成过程中的作用——大体形态、光镜及电镜观察

单纯用化学致癌剂二乙基亚硝胺（DENA）及氯化钆（gadolinium chloride.GC）填塞枯否细胞,同时对DENA所诱发的大鼠肝癌形成过程中的大体形态、光镜及电镜下的病理学改变进行了对比研究。结果显示:①诱癌过程中,GC DENA组大鼠自然死亡率明显高于DENA组（P<0.05）;自诱癌第19周后,GC DENA组大鼠肝癌表面结节明显大于DENA组;②光镜GC DENA组大鼠肝癌前病变出现远较DENA组为早;③电镜下证实:GC DENA组肝窦内枯否细胞（KC）胞浆内含有大量电子致密物或细胞空泡变性及坏死;DENA组KC保持结构基本完整;前组肝细胞除核呈高度不规则性、核仁明显外.胞浆损伤主要表现为粗面内质网空泡变,后组肝细胞显示核结构改变与前组相同.胞浆则以线粒体肿胀、基质内絮状物沉积为突出病变。上述结果提示.氯化钆填塞KC可在一定程度下加速致癌剂对肝细胞的毒性损伤和肝细胞的癌变过程。     

三苯氧胺联合全反式维甲酸对大鼠乳腺癌的预防作用

目的 探讨联合应用三苯氧胺及全反式维甲酸对实验性大鼠乳腺癌发生促进期的化学预防作用。方法 利用二甲基苯蒽（DMBA）诱导大鼠乳腺 癌发生,在给药后第8周应用三苯氧胺（TAM）和全反式维甲酸（RA）,在第24周观察大鼠乳肿瘤发生情况及乳腺发育情况。结果 对照组大鼠乳癌发生率为70．58％;TAM组与RA组发生率分别为22．02％和15．79％,明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）;TAM＋RA组无乳腺肿瘤发生（P＜0．01）。组织学及电镜观察发现,TAM组和RA组乳腺上皮均有不同程度增生或典型增生,联合用药组乳腺上皮发育良好。结论 联合应用三苯氧胺和维甲酸,二者在阻止乳发生过程中有显著的协同作用。     

针刺足三里对对乙酰氨基酚诱发大鼠肝损伤的影响

目的：观察针刺足三里对对乙酰氨基酚（ APAP）多次给药诱发大鼠肝损伤血清转氨酶和肝脏病理学变化的影响,探讨针刺对药源性肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法75只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组（ NC组）、APAP模型1组（ APAP1组）、针刺＋APAP 模型1组（ ZC＋APAP1组）、 APAP模型2组（ APAP2组）、针刺＋APAP模型2组（ ZC＋APAP2组）。 APAP1组和APAP2组大鼠每天分别按体重灌胃给予APAP 300、600 mg／kg;APAP1组和APAP2组大鼠每天分别按体重灌胃给予 APAP 300、600 mg／kg后即刻针刺其后肢足三里穴20 min;NC组灌胃给予相同体积剂量的生理盐水。各组大鼠连续给药或针刺14 d后,检测血清转氨酶活性和检查肝脏病理学变化情况。结果与NC组相比,ZC＋APAP1组、APAP2组和ZC＋APAP2组大鼠血清AST和ALT活性均显著升高（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）;与APAP1组、APAP2组相比, ZC＋APAP1组、ZC＋APAP2组大鼠血清AST、ALT活性均显著性升高（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。 APAP1组和ZC＋APAP1组间肝脏病理学改变,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,而APAP2组与ZC＋APAP2组肝脏病理学改变显著（P＜0．05）。结论针刺足三里促进APAP诱导大鼠血清AST和ALT活性的升高;但肝脏病理组织学检查结果显示,针刺足三里对APAP多次给药诱发大鼠肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

褪黑素抑制由17—β—雌二醇诱发的垂体催乳素瘤的生长

目的：观察整体条件下褪黑素（melatonin,MLT)抑制由17－β－雌二醇（E2）诱发的垂体催乳素（prolactin,PRL)瘤的生长,并初步探讨其作用机制,方法：以雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠皮下埋植E2药泵,诱发PRL瘤,实验组大鼠分5组,在诱瘤之前每日定时分别皮下注射0．05,0．25,0．50,1．00和2．00mgMLT,共90d,对照组大鼠皮下注射等体积4％乙醇－生理盐水。结果（1）给予0．05,0．25,0．50,1．00和2．00mg MLT处理组PRL瘤重量分别较对照组降低25．91％（P＞0．05）,48．78％（P＜0．01）,36．78％（P＜0．05）,31．04％（P＞0．05）和35．22％（P＜0．05）,（2）Northern Blot分别表明,注射0．05,0．25,0．50mg MLT组PRL瘤细胞PRL mRNA表达水平分别比对照组降低33．67％（P＜0．05）,25．51％（P＜0．05）和41．84％（P＜0．01）,原代培养的PRL瘤细胞原位杂交实验也获得类似结果;（3）激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测结果显示,0．05,0．25和0．50mg MLT组PRL瘤细胞DNA的相对含量分别较对照组降低40．73％（P＜0．001）,51．15％（P＜）．001）和60．23％（P＜0．001）;（4）紫外分光光度法测定显示,0．05,0．25,0．50,1．00和2．00mg MLT组血浆过氧化脂质水平分别比对照组降低26．45％（P＜0．05）,23．97％（P＜0．05）,47．11％（P＜0．001）,66．12％（P＜0．001）和64．46％（P＜0．001）。其量－效关系的相关系数为－0．8257（P＜0．05）。结论一定剂量的MLT对E2诱发PRL瘤生长由于显著的抑制作用,MLT的这种抑瘤作用可能是通过其抑制RL基因由高达和DNA合成实现的。     

玉米肽对微波辐射大鼠肝组织损伤的治疗作用

目的：探讨玉米肽对微波辐射引起动物肝细胞肝组织损伤的治疗作用。方法36只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、辐射模型组和辐射给药组,辐射模型组和辐射给药组大鼠给予100 mW/cm2的微波辐照6 min,辐射给药组辐射后给予600 mg/（ kg· d）玉米肽,连续7 d。7 d后处死大鼠,光学显微镜观察肝细胞形态学变化,检测大鼠血清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性。结果与对照组比较,辐射模型组肝细胞体积增大,细胞核形态不规则,细胞水肿严重,细胞之间界限不明显,胞质淡染,肝血窦明显缩小或消失。血清LDH显著升高（ P＜0．05）, MDA和ALT含量升高极为显著（ P＜0．01）,SOD含量极显著下降（P＜0．01）。辐射给药组血清ALT含量显著升高（P＜0．05）。与辐射模型组比较,辐射给药组肝组织结构有明显恢复,肝细胞水肿明显减轻,细胞边界较清晰。血清ALT含量下降极为显著（P＜0．01）,SOD活性显著升高（P＜0．05）,LDH和MDA呈下降趋势。结论100 mW/cm2的微波辐照可引起大鼠肝组织损伤,玉米肽对微波辐射引起的肝组织损伤有一定的治疗效果。     

大鼠DENA诱癌过程中肝脏维生素K依赖性羧化酶和血浆异常凝血酶原的关系

在二乙基亚硝胺(DENA)诱发大鼠肝癌过程中,维生素K依赖性羧化酶活性呈现先降低、后升高的现象。在诱癌第20周的肝癌结节中羧化酶活性很低。未羧化凝血酶原前体在肝癌结节中大量堆积,已羧化凝血酶原前体也有类似的堆积现象。诱癌过程中血浆异常凝血酶原呈现马鞍形的变化,这与羧化酶的变化密切相关。癌变时血浆异常凝血酶原的升高主要是由于肝脏羧化酶的缺乏所致,维生素K的缺乏仅是次要因素。     

脑脉舒宁对大鼠血脂血浆粘度的影响

采用脑脉舒宁提取液（1ml相当于生药0．5g）以50％和25％浓度分别对两组食高脂饲料的大鼠进行灌胃，对照组为生理盐水。每次10．0ml／kg，每日1次，连用10天，于实验第11天对3组大鼠进行断头取血。测定其血胆固醇、甘油三酯和血浆粘度。结果显示：高浓度（50％）给药组大鼠的血胆固醇、甘油三酯和血浆粘度均下降，与对照组比较有显著性差异（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）；而低浓度（25％）给药组大鼠仅血浆粘度显著下降（P＜0．01）。给药前后各级大鼠的体重、饮水和饮食量无明显差异。每组大鼠胸主动脉和冠状动脉病理切片无粥样硬化病变产生。     

间断给药DEN诱导大鼠肝癌模型建立及病理研究

目的:建立间断给药二乙基亚硝胺(Diethylmitrosamine,DEN)诱导SD大鼠肝癌模型,探讨与人类肝细胞癌相似的动物肝癌模型病理形态变化.方法:取体重为170～210g雄性SD大鼠63只,随机分为实验组(48只)和对照组(15只),实验组采用0.01%DEN溶液间断喂养SD大鼠诱发肝癌,对照组自由喂养,常规病理HE染色并动态观察肝癌发生的不同时相.结果:设立间断DEN给药诱导SD大鼠肝癌,病理证实大鼠肝癌为肝细胞癌.诱癌率88.9%(32/36),其末期成功率高,在整个诱癌过程中经历了肝细胞损伤再生→增生-硬化→癌变3个阶段.结论:该造模方法容易、诱癌成功率高、大鼠存活率高.同时,该肝癌模型可以作为研究人类肝癌发生、发展变化病理形态的一种理想动物模型.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.