男性精神分裂症患者Stroop效应的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的采用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,探讨男性精神分裂症患者Stroop效应的行为学及脑区激活的特点。方法采用慢速事件-相关设计的Stroop-like任务,任务范式包括一致状态(CC)和不一致状态(IC)两种试验,对26例精神分裂症男性患者(患者组)和17名与患者组的年龄、受教育年限相匹配的正常人(对照组)进行fMRI检查。使用统计参数激活图(SPM2)及功能影像分析(AFNI)软件对图像进行分析。结果(1)在CC下,对照组的反应时间[(610.9±69.1)ms]短于患者组[(665.0±85.5)ms;P<0.05];在IC下,对照组的反应时间[(711.5±84.8)ms]虽短于患者组[(757.7±130.9)ms],但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组IC的反应时间均长于CC(P<0.01)。两组脑激活图均未观察到IC较CC增加激活的脑区。(2)患者组表现为多个脑区的局部一致性下降,主要分布于右侧岛叶、额下回、颞下回,以及左侧扣带回前部、山顶(小脑)和额中回。结论男性精神分裂症患者的行为学存在明显的Stroop效应,而脑区激活却未见Stroop效应。     

矿难后急性重性创伤后应激障碍症状激发和创伤有关短期记忆提取的功能性磁共振成像研究

目的 探讨急性重性创伤后应激障碍(post traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)患者的脑功能及执行记忆功能时的脑反应.方法 采用功能磁共振成像技术,对经历矿难的10例急性重性PTSD患者(PTSD组)和7例非PTSD对照(非PTSD组)执行症状激发任务,并首次采用1项创伤有关的短期记忆提取任务进行记忆功能的测定.结果 症状激发试验中,PTSD组负性图片相比中性图片,左侧后扣带回、双侧尾状核和右侧丘脑等脑区激活增强,右侧扣带回和双侧额中回激活下降;PTSD组相比非PTSD组,右侧前扣带回、左侧额下回、双侧额中回及双侧颞中回等脑区激活下降,左侧海马旁回激活增高.短期记忆提取任务中,PTSD组负性图片相比中性图片,右侧后扣带回和双侧海马存在明显激活;PTSD组相比非PTSD组,右侧额下回、右侧额中回、左侧枕中回等脑区激活下降.记忆提取任务相比症状激发任务,PTSD组右侧海马旁回激活下降.结论 急性重性PTSD患者在急性期已存在部分脑区激活的下降以及记忆功能的减退.     

基于独立成分分析方法的海洛因成瘾者功能磁共振成像研究

目的 使用独立成分分析(ICA)法分析功能磁共振(fMRI)数据研究线索诱导因素导致海洛因成瘾者复吸的神经网络. 方法 安徽医科大学附属省立医院神经外科自2010年2月至2010年12月对海洛因成瘾组(n=15,来自安徽省戒毒康复中心)和正常对照组(n=15,来自招募的志愿者)在接受吸毒相关场景视频刺激的同时进行fMRI扫描,然后使用ICA方法对数据进行分析和比较2组受试者脑区的激活情况. 结果 与正常对照组相比,海洛因成瘾组患者双侧前额叶、左前扣带回、双侧后扣带回、左侧顶叶、左侧颞下回的激活降低;双侧伏核、右侧海马以及部分枕叶的激活增强,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 ICA方法是一种有效的任务相关fMRI数据分析方法,海洛因成瘾者学习记忆和奖赏系统相关脑区功能改变是线索诱发复吸的重要原因,主要涉及左前额叶、左顶叶、前后扣带回、海马、伏核等脑区.     

嗅觉刺激偏头痛患者的脑功能磁共振成像初步研究

目的观察偏头痛患者在嗅觉刺激下的脑功能磁共振成像(fMRI)变化, 分析其嗅觉相关脑网络特征。方法收集2021 年 1 月至 2022 年 1 月在川北医学院附属医院神经内科门诊确诊的27例偏头痛患者, 同期招募20名健康成年人作为对照组。收集所有受试者的人口学和临床特征资料。对所有受试者在嗅觉任务刺激下行同步fMRI扫描, 使用SPM12、Matlab2019b软件进行磁共振图像数据处理, 并结合SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析。结果对照组激活脑区包括左侧小脑、左侧颞下回、左侧梭状回、右侧额中回、右侧中央前回、脑岛、右侧中央沟盖、缘上回、右侧豆状壳核、中扣带回、中央旁小叶、顶上回(P<0.05)。偏头痛组激活脑区包括左侧小脑、右侧梭状回、右侧颞下回、右侧中央前回、右侧中央后回(P<0.05)。两组相比, 偏头痛组在右侧岛叶、右侧额中回眶部、左侧额下回眶部、右侧背外侧额上回、右侧颞上回、右侧枕上回、内侧和旁扣带脑回、右侧顶上回的激活强度弱于对照组(P<0.05)。结论偏头痛患者有多个脑区参与嗅觉处理, 存在特殊性的嗅觉相关脑网络。     

正常人词语流畅性作业的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的 利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术探讨词语流畅性作业的脑功能定位。方法对18名健康志愿者进行词语流畅性作业的fMRI检查,fMRI用梯度回波-平面回波成像序列采集数据,经工作站处理后获功能图像。结果 经Fisher精确检验法,健康志愿者的双侧额上回、双侧额中回、右侧额下回及右侧扣带回的激活脑区计数,与理想激活脑区计数的差异均无显著性(P>0.05),其余脑区激活计数的差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 双侧额叶背外侧及右侧额叶腹外侧可能参与长时记忆的提取过程,其中额叶背外侧可能参与核查及管理工作,而额叶腹外侧可能参与搜寻特异目标的过程。     

线索诱发海洛因依赖者戒断期心理渴求的功能磁共振成像研究

目的　探讨线索诱发海洛因依赖者戒断期心理渴求的特异神经结构,为寻找干预复吸的有效策略提供理论依据。方法　采用3 0T磁共振成像系统,对30例戒断期海洛因依赖者和17名健康对照者在观看自然风光和吸毒图片时行全脑扫描,识别线索诱发海洛因渴求的特异脑区。结果(1)与观看自然风光相比,观看吸毒图片可以诱导戒断期海洛因依赖者产生明显心理渴求(t=-6 535,P<0 001),且渴求程度与吸毒量呈正相关(r=0 464,P=0 01)。(2)共发现17个参与线索诱发海洛因渴求的特异脑区,主要集中在前额叶皮质和边缘系统,以左侧为主。自我报告渴求与激活脑区数目及左侧额下回、额中回、扣带回前部、额内测回,右侧眶额皮质、杏仁核和岛叶等7个脑区的激活体积呈正相关(P<0 05)。结论　多个脑区参与线索诱发海洛因渴求,既包括认知过程又涉及情感加工,不同渴求程度激活脑区数目与某些脑区的激活体积不同。     

抑郁症首次发病患者静息态脑功能局部一致性的研究

目的 利用功能磁共振(fMRI)和局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)探讨抑郁症首次发病(以下简称首发)患者在静息态脑功能是否存在异常及异常部位.方法 对34例符合美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的首发抑郁症患者(抑郁症组)和34名性别、年龄、文化程度匹配的健康志愿者(对照组)进行静息态fMRI扫描.结果 抑郁症组静息态脑血氧水平依赖信号的ReHo高于对照组的脑区有左侧额叶眶回、顶下小叶、颞上回,右侧额内侧回、顶下小叶、小脑后叶;低于对照组的脑区有左颞下回、右颞上同和胼胝体、双侧后扣带回(P＜0.005,K≥10).结论首发抑郁症患者在静息态存在多个腩区功能活动的异常,并可能和抑郁症的病理机制有关.     

健康人倒背数字作业的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的　利用功能磁共振成像(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging ,fMRI)技术探讨倒背数字作业认知功能的脑功能定位。方法　1 8名健康志愿者完成以倒背数字作业(backwarddigitspantask ,BDST)作为刺激模式、采用组块设计(block)的fMRI检查,经工作站处理后获功能图像。结果　健康志愿者的左侧额上回、额中回、额下回、中央前回、顶上小叶、缘上回、颞下回、枕颞外侧回及右侧额中回等脑区均有明显激活。结论　左侧额叶腹外侧及左侧项叶后下部可能参与工作记忆对语言材料激活信息的保持,而双侧额叶背外侧可能参与工作记忆对语言材料激活信息的执行控制。     

年轻人与老年人简单乘法运算之功能磁共振成像研究

目的应用fMRI技术探讨中国青年和老年人群在简单运算任务下脑激活模式及其与行为学之间的关系。方法分别对青年组(19例)和老年组(20例)健康志愿者进行对照任务和简单运算任务下的fMRI检查。结果两组受试者受教育程度(P=0.125)、智力水平(P=0.921),以及完成对照任务(P=0.142)和简单乘法运算任务(P=0.880)之正确率差异无统计学意义,但老年组受试者完成对照任务(P=0.000)和简单乘法运算任务(P=0.005)反应时间明显延长。青年组受试者在任务刺激下可激活右侧缘上回并向顶内沟和颞中上回后部延伸,中央前回和运动前区、前额叶,左侧缘上回并向颞上回后部和角回延伸,顶内沟区域、颞中下回,内侧后扣带回、楔前叶、辅助运动区、海马沟、海马旁回及前额叶内侧;老年组受试者则分别激活右侧缘上回和顶下区域并向颞中上回后部延伸,中央前回和运动前区、前额叶,左侧缘上回和角回并向顶下延伸,中央前回和运动前区、岛叶及前额叶,内侧后扣带回和中央旁小叶、前扣带回及前额叶内侧;两组受试者共激活脑区包括顶下区域、楔前叶、中央前后回和额顶叶网络,以及颞叶、海马旁回、钩回、屏状核和后扣带回等皮质下结构。结论数学事实提取相关网络的主要成分受年龄影响较小,老年人群的任务激活脑区主要向任务相关顶区集中。     

抑郁症患者静息状态的功能磁共振成像研究

目的 了解在静息状态下抑郁症患者脑区的局部一致性特点.方法 采用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,检测静息状态下27例抑郁症患者(患者组)和性别、年龄、受教育程度均与患者相匹配的27名正常人(对照组)的脑功能活动,并对两组进行比较.利用局部一致性方法 分析fMRI数据,用SPM2软件进行配对t检验(P＜0.005).结果 与对照组相比,患者组双侧额中回、右额下回、右颞上回、左前扣带回、右后扣带回、右岛叶、双侧豆状核、双侧屏状核、左尾状核局部一致性显著增高(P＜0.005,未校正,体素值＞10);未显示脑区有明显的局部一致性减低.结论 抑郁症患者神经环路脑区局部在静息状态下具有很高的一致性,其局部一致性的增高可能参与了抑郁症的代偿机制.     

长期海洛因成瘾者前额叶功能连接的静息态fMRI研究

目的 利用静息态fMRI探讨长期海洛因成瘾者前额叶功能连接的变化情况.方法 13例长期海洛因成瘾者和14例正常者接受静息态fMRI检查,对数据进行相关的预处理后,以前额叶为种子点与全脑每个体素进行相关分析,比较海洛因成瘾组与正常对照组前额叶功能连接的变化情况.结果 以左侧前额叶为种子点进行功能连接分析,海洛因成瘾组左侧前额叶与左侧海马、右侧前扣带回、左侧额中回、右侧额中回、右侧楔前叶功能连接明显低于正常对照组:以右侧前额叶为种子点进行功能连接分析,海洛因成瘾组右侧前额叶与左侧眶额叶、左侧额中回功能连接明显低于正常对照组.结论 长期海洛因成瘾者前额叶与相关脑区的功能连接减弱,前额叶可能参与了海洛因成瘾的维持与戒断后复吸.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the changes of functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin addicts under resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). Methods Resting fMRI examination was performed on 13 chronic heroin addicts and 14 healthy volunteers. After pre-processing the resting-state fMRI data, the prefrontal cortex was selected as the seed region, with which a whole-brain voxel temporal correlation in Iow frequency fMRI fluctuations was analyzed and the changes of functional connectivity of the prefrontal lobe in both chronic heroin addicts and healthy volunteers were calculated with SPM5 software. Results Compared with that in the control group, the functional connectivity between the left prefrontal cortex and the left hippocampus, right anterior cingulate, left middle frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right precuneus in the heroin addiction group was significantly decreased. The functional connectivity between the right prefrontal cortex and the left orbital frontal cortex, left middle frontal gyrus in thc heroin addiction group was also significantly decreased as compared with that in the control group. Conclusion Functional connectivity of prefrontal cortex in chronic heroin addicts decreases, indicating that the prefrontal cortex may be involved in the maintenance of heroin addiction and relapse after withdrawal.     

Maturation of brain function associated with response inhibition

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the developmental trajectory of response inhibition and, more specifically, whether there is a dissociation of function in the prefrontal cortex over the course of development of executive function and associated response inhibition abilities. METHOD: Nineteen typically developing subjects, ranging in age from 8 to 20, performed a Go/NoGo task while behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected. RESULTS: All subjects performed the task with few errors of omission and commission. No relationship between accuracy and age emerged, but the ability to inhibit responses significantly improved with age. Analyses of fMRI data revealed a positive correlation between activation and age in the left inferior frontal gyrus/insula/orbitofrontal gyrus, and a negative correlation between activation and age in the left middle/superior frontal gyri. CONCLUSION: These data provide the first evidence of dissociable processes occurring in the prefrontal cortex during development of executive functions associated with response inhibition: (1) Younger subjects activate more extensively than older subjects in discrete regions of the prefrontal cortex, presumably due to increased demands and inefficient recruitment of brain regions subserving executive functions including working memory. (2) Older subjects show increasingly focal activation in specific regions thought to play a more critical role in response inhibition.     

Hoarding disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder show different patterns of neural activity during response inhibition

Although hoarding disorder (HD) has been historically conceptualized as a subtype or dimension of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), preliminary evidence suggests that these two disorders have distinct neural underpinnings. The aim of the present study was to compare the hemodynamic responses of HD patients, OCD patients, and healthy controls (HC) during response inhibition on a high-conflict Go/NoGo task that has previously proved sensitive to OCD. Participants comprised 24 HD patients, 24 OCD patients, and 24 HCs who completed a Go/NoGo task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although behavioral data showed no difference among the groups in Go/NoGo task performance, significant differences in hemodynamic activity were noted. During correct rejects (successful response inhibition), HD patients showed greater right precentral gyrus activation, whereas OCD patients exhibited greater right orbitofrontal activation, as assessed using a region of interest approach. During errors of commission (response inhibition failures), OCD patients, but not HD patients, were characterized by excessive activity in left and right orbitofrontal gyrus. The present results lend further support to the biological distinction between HD and OCD, and they are consistent with previous research suggesting frontal hypoactivity in HD patients during hoarding-unrelated tasks.     

长期海洛因依赖者前额叶功能连接的变化

以前额叶为种子点,利用静息态fMRI进行全脑时域相关的功能连接分析,观察长期海洛因成瘾者前额叶功能连接的变化。结果发现相比于正常对照,以左侧前额叶为种子点进行功能连接分析,海洛因成瘾者左侧前额叶与左侧海马、右侧前扣带回、左侧额中回、右侧额中回、右侧楔前叶功能连接明显降低;以右侧前额叶为种子点进行功能连接分析,海洛因成瘾者右侧前额叶与左侧眶额叶、左侧额中回功能连接明显降低。提示长期海洛因成瘾者前额叶与相关脑区的功能连接减弱,可能与海洛因成瘾的维持与戒断后复吸相关。     

Abnormal prefrontal cortex function during response inhibition in Turner syndrome: functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence.

BACKGROUND: Turner syndrome (TuS) arises from the partial or complete absence of one X chromosome. Although neuropsychological studies report impaired attentional function and response inhibition in TuS, the neural correlates of these cognitive problems are unknown. METHODS: Eleven female subjects with TuS and 11 individually matched normal control subjects were imaged using functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a Go/NoGo task. RESULTS: Groups did not differ on accuracy or reaction time; however, the TuS group activated more in the bilateral superior and middle frontal gyri than control subjects. Control subjects did not activate more than the TuS group in any region. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that female subjects with TuS compensate for executive dysfunction via recruitment of additional prefrontal cortex regions involved in inhibition, attention, and working memory, functions necessary for successful performance of Go/NoGo tasks. Elucidating brain function in TuS will advance our understanding of the influence of X-chromosome genes on neurodevelopment and brain function and contribute to planning future intervention strategies.     

Do obsessive-compulsive patients and abstinent heroin addicts share a common psychophysiological mechanism?

BACKGROUND/AIM: Working memory (WM) and attentional deficits have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and opioid addiction. The P300 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is considered as an index of on-line updating of WM and/or attentional operations involved in this function. The present study aimed at comparing the P300 elicited during a WM test in patients with prolonged heroin abstinence, those with OCD and healthy controls, in order to demonstrate possibly common underlying psychophysiological mechanisms. METHODS: The P300 component was evaluated during the anticipatory period of a WM test in 20 patients characterized by a past history of opioid dependence (6 months abstinence), in 18 OCD patients, and 20 healthy subjects matched for age, sex and educational level. RESULTS: The two patient groups showed a considerable reduction of the P300 amplitudes, located at the right frontal area as compared with healthy controls. The abstinent heroin addicts exhibited a significantly lower P300 amplitude at central frontal areas and a significantly higher P300 amplitude at the left occipital region relative to the other two groups. Furthermore, the abstinent group showed a notable delay of P300 latency relative to controls and OCD patients at the right occipital region. Moreover, the OCD patients manifested a significant prolongation of P300 located at the central prefrontal area, relative to addicts and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to considerable WM and/or attentional deficits in the long-term abstinent syndrome of heroin misuse and OCD associated with distributed and prefrontal cortical circuits, respectively. Furthermore, the present findings suggest that both OCD and long-term abstinent heroin addicts may share a common impairment of WM and/or attention involving or affecting the right prefrontal areas.     

以妄想为主的男性精神分裂症患者脑局部一致性的功能磁共振研究

目的：探讨男性偏执型精神分裂症患者在静息状态下是否存在脑功能活动异常及其区域。方法：采用病例一对照研究方法,对20例以妄想为主的男性精神分裂症患者（患者组）和20名性别、年龄、受教育程度相匹配的正常对照者（正常对照组）进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描,分析静息状态下各脑区的局部一致性（regionalhomogeneity,ReHo）的差异。结果：设P〈0．05、体素范围（k值）≥85,与正常对照组比较,患者组双侧额上回、双侧颞中回、左额中回、左中央前回、左小脑脚和右扣带回局部一致性（ReHo值）减低,右颞上回和左颞下回ReHo值增高,而左梭状回ReHo值既有增高也有减低。结论：以妄想为主的男性精神分裂症患者在静息状态下可能存在广泛分布的脑区功能异常。     

矿难后急性重性创伤后应激障碍症状激发和创伤有关短期记忆提取的功能性磁共振成像研究

目的 探讨急性重性创伤后应激障碍(post traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)患者的脑功能及执行记忆功能时的脑反应.方法 采用功能磁共振成像技术,对经历矿难的10例急性重性PTSD患者(PTSD组)和7例非PTSD对照(非PTSD组)执行症状激发任务,并首次采用1项创伤有关的短期记忆提取任务...     

Cerebellar Control on Prefrontal-Motor Connectivity During Movement Inhibition

Converging evidence suggests a crucial role of right inferior frontal gyrus (r-IFG) and right pre-supplementary motor area (r-preSMA) in movement inhibition control. The present work was aimed to investigate how the effective connectivity between these prefrontal areas and the primary motor cortex could change depending on the activity of the cerebellar cortex. Paired transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered in healthy subjects over the r-IFG/left primary motor area (l-M1) and over r-preSMA/l-M1 before (100 ms after the fixation cross onset) and 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 ms after the presentation of a Go/NoGo visual cue establishing the specific time course and the causal interactions of these regions in relation to l-M1 as measured by motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The same paired-pulse protocol was applied following sham or real cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). Following sham cTBS, for NoGo trials only, MEPs collected showed the expected pattern of activation for both r-IFG-l-M1 and r-preSMA-l-M1 connectivity, characterized by peaks of increased and decreased MEP amplitude regularly repeated every 50 ms. Following cerebellar cTBS, this pattern of activation related to NoGo trials was modified selectively for the r-IFG-M1 but not for r-preSMA-M1 connection. A common monitoring action of r-IFG and r-preSMA in inhibitory control was confirmed. The effects of cerebellar cTBS showed a specific interaction between cerebellum and r-IFG activity during the inhibitory process.