小鼠精原干细胞体外培养的研究

目的建立精原干细胞与Sertoli共培养细胞模型,探讨Sertoli支持精原干细胞扩增的可能机制。方法以7—8 d龄小鼠为材料,Percoll密度梯度离心,并将分离后的生精细胞接种至Sertoli饲养层上,37℃下共培养,在倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞的生长特点,并对培养15 d的细胞进行苏木精-伊红染色、C-Kit受体检测。结果①增殖细胞的生长特点及形态学特征与文献报道精原干细胞的特征相符合。②苏木精-伊红染色显示培养的生殖细胞大小均匀,核大而圆着色深。C-Kit受体显示细胞膜呈强阳性,背景基质细胞为阴性。这些均符合精原干细胞的生物学特征。结论精原干细胞在未加入细胞因子的Sertoli饲养层中能较长时间生长并分裂增殖。     

GDNF和SCF促进小鼠精原干细胞增殖与分化的研究

目的 探讨小鼠精原干细胞增殖和分化体外控制的可行性.方法 采取7～8日龄雄性小鼠睾丸,分离纯化精原干细胞接种在添加神经营养因子的培养基内进行增殖培养,7 d后更换添加干细胞生长因子的培养基.结果 SSCs接种于Sertoli细胞饲养层上4 d后,出现了增殖现象,可见增殖产生SSCs克隆,AKP染色阳性,β1整合素免疫细胞化学染色阳性,RT-PCR扩增出长度约为120 bp的Oct-4和280 bp的c-kit条带.结论 小鼠精原干细胞在添加50 ng/mL GDNF的培养基内培养7 d后更换添加10 ng/mL SCF的培养基可以实现小鼠SSCs从增殖到分化的转变.     

人胰腺干细胞的体外分离培养、鉴定和分化特性

目的：体外分离培养人胰腺干细胞，进行鉴定并初步观察其分化为胰岛内分泌细胞的能力。方法：用酶消化法从人胎儿胰腺分离胰腺干细胞，培养并传代，应用胰腺干细胞特异性标志物CK－19、胰岛β细胞特异性成分胰岛素和α细胞特异性成分胰高血糖素的抗体进行免疫细胞化学染色鉴定细胞种类和分化特性。结果：分离培养的人胎儿胰腺干细胞呈梭形，最初1周生长较慢，以后增殖较快，约培养3周后即可传代培养。传代细胞约生长2周即可再次传代，免疫细胞化学染色显示细胞呈CK－19免疫阳性反应。经诱导分化后，细胞形成类胰岛样组织，此时免疫细胞化学染色显示部分细胞呈随岛素免疫阳性反应，少数细胞呈胰高糖素免疫阳性反应。结论：人胰腺干细胞能在体外培养条件下快速增殖，并具有多向分化潜能，能分化形成胰岛β细胞和α细胞。     

小鼠精原干细胞生物学特征的研究

目的:探讨培养状态下精原干细胞的生物学特征,为体外鉴定精原干细胞及认识精原干细胞在体内的生物学行为打下实验基础.方法:在预先制备的骨髓基质饲养单层上接种生后6～10天雄性小鼠生精细胞,于IMDM培养基及37℃下培养,倒置显微镜观察细胞增殖行为并对增殖后的细胞进行组织学、细胞化学、免疫组化及遗传学检测.结果:培养状态下的精原干细胞增殖经历了短暂增殖期、静止期和分离增生期三个阶段,且增殖细胞呈簇、团状生长,细胞问可见明显的胞质间桥,细胞核大,核/质比高,碱性磷酸酶及C-KIT受体阳性,染色体核型为20对(40条).结论:精原干细胞具有典型的生物学行为和特征,结合行为及生物学特征可对增殖的精原干细胞进行鉴定.     

骨髓基质饲养层对精原干细胞体外培养的影响

目的以原代培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞为饲养层，探讨精原干细胞能否在该饲养层上生长及生长的影响因素。方法采用原代培养的小鼠骨髓基质细胞，待细胞长成单层后用丝裂霉素C处理并接种生精细胞共培养。结果原代的小鼠培养骨髓基质细胞能很好的维持精原干细胞的非分化性扩增。结论小鼠原代培养的骨髓基质细胞能作为饲养层支持精原干细胞体外非分化性扩增，该细胞有望成为干细胞培养的新的饲养层。     

性成熟前食蟹猴生精细胞的发育进程

目的 阐明性成熟前食蟹猴生精细胞的发育进程.方法 分别采集性成熟前不同年龄(0岁、0.5岁、1岁、1.5岁、2岁、2.5岁、3岁、3.5岁、4岁)食蟹猴睾丸,制作石蜡切片,进行HE染色和PAS/H染色.根据生精细胞的染色特性,分析性成熟前食蟹狠生精细胞的发育进程,并对食蟹猴精原干细胞进行初步鉴定.结果 HE染色结果显示,1岁及以下食蟹猴生精上皮上生精细胞仅有精原干细胞(包括Ad,At及Ap型精原细胞),1.5岁食蟹猴生精上皮上开始出现B型精原细胞,3岁食蟹猴生精上皮上出现精母细胞,4岁食蟹猴生精上皮上出现从精原干细胞到精子的所有生殖细胞.PAS/H染色结果显示,1～2.5岁食蟹猴Ad型精原细胞胞质呈PAS阳性,At型精原细胞胞质呈PAS弱阳性,Ap型精原细胞胞质呈PAS阴性;其他生精细胞及支持细胞胞质呈阴性;0.5岁及以下,3岁及以上食蟹猴生精细胞的胞质PAS/H染色特性与前者存在差异.结论 本文详细阐述了性成熟前食蟹猴生精细胞随年龄增长的渐次性发育模式,并建立了性成熟前食蟹猴精原干细胞原位鉴定的一种新方法,这些研究结果为食蟹猴精原干细胞的其他相关研究奠定了基础.     

以间充质干细胞为饲养层分离培养昆明小鼠胚胎干细胞

目的:探讨以间充质干细胞作为饲养层细胞分离培养昆明小鼠胚胎干细胞(Embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)的方法.方法:以鼠间充质干细胞作为饲养层,收集受孕3.5～4 d昆明小鼠的囊胚和桑椹胚进行培养,筛选纯化细胞集落,使其稳定传代后,采用光镜,碱性磷酸酶染色及Oct-4染色对其形态学和生物学性状进行初步鉴定.结果:以间充质干细胞作为饲养层细胞分离培养的昆明小鼠ES有其典型的形态学特征:集落呈鸟巢状,边缘清楚,表面平滑,结构致密,隆起生长,细胞之间界限不清楚;单个细胞体积小、核大;对ES细胞碱性磷酸酶进行检测,末分化的Es细胞显微镜下为黄褐色,分化的不着色;Oct-4染色阳性.结论:以间充质下细胞作为饲养层细胞分离培养昆明小鼠胚胎干细胞可行,得到的胚胎干细胞能保持特殊的形态和未分化状态.     

小鼠精原干细胞染色体G带显示及其影响因素研究

目的:探索精原干细胞染色体G带显示技术及其影响因素,为如何鉴定培养状态下干细胞的染色体核型提供实验参考.方法:培养昆明系小白鼠精原干细胞,待细胞生长到15～20天时,吸出克隆细胞团,吹打分散后滴加秋水仙素处理4～6小时.收集细胞悬液,再经低渗处理后滴片染色制成.结果:正常小鼠精原干细胞染色体呈粒状、棒状,核型为20对,40条.结论:小鼠精原干细胞染色体受到细胞所处的分裂时期、低渗处理的效果、滴片时细胞的分散程度及胰酶浓度及消化时间等因素的影响.     

精原干细胞在支持细胞饲养层上的长期培养

目的建立体外研究精原干细胞与支持细胞共培养的细胞模型,研究体外精原干细胞在支持细胞层上的增殖特点。方法应用两步酶消化法,分别从14～15d及6d龄雄性昆明小鼠睾丸中分离支持细胞及精原干细胞,采用免疫细胞化学方法鉴定。将精原干细胞接种在支持细胞层上,观察不同时间点精原干细胞集落形态及数目。结果在支持细胞层上培养24h后,精原干细胞开始增殖分裂,呈双细胞形态;随着培养时间延长,双细胞集落数逐渐减少,而链状细胞集落逐渐增加;培养120h后,链状细胞局部融汇堆积,且细胞集落维持在相对稳定数量。在每4～5d更换培养液的条件下,细胞集落维持稳定状态的平均时间为(51,2±5.8)d。结论精原干细胞在体外支持细胞层上呈集落样生长,并能长时间维持细胞集落形态及数目,可用于体外研究生精细胞增殖分化特征、药物或毒物干扰精原干细胞功能实验。     

人睾丸中各级生精细胞的鉴定

目的:建立人睾丸生精细胞鉴定方法.方法:用机械法离散人睾丸细胞,涂片,用Diff-Quik法染色显示细胞形态.在Hoffman光学镜头下根据细胞形态进行活细胞分类,选取各类细胞分别涂片,行17号染色体着丝粒探针化学显色原位杂交和c-kit抗原表达免疫细胞化学染色.结果:在配置Hoffman镜头的倒置显微镜下人睾丸圆形细胞主要可分为4群:支持细胞(Sertoli)细胞,粗线期初级精母细胞,精原细胞,圆形精子细胞.原位杂交结果为:Sertoli细胞、粗线期初级精母细胞、精原细胞均显示2个着丝粒信号,圆形精子细胞及精子显示单个着丝粒信号.抗c-kit抗体免疫化学染色显示:粗线期初级精母细胞、精原细胞反应呈阳性,Sertoli细胞、圆形精子细胞、精子反应呈阴性.结论:人睾丸各类细胞在活体形态、染色形态、染色体倍性、抗原表达上均有各自显著的特征,其中据Hoffman成像形态区分各级生精细胞是在活体状态下一种简便有效的鉴别人生精细胞的方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.