犬MC1R基因R306ter与毛色性状相关性研究

目的　分析犬MC1R基因中R30 6ter位点多态性与犬毛色表型的相关性 ,为遗传育种 ,培育出更加优良的实验用犬奠定基础。方法　采用PCR SSCP技术 ,对MC1R基因R30 6ter位点进行基因多态性检测 ,分析位点多态性与毛色性状之间的相关性 ,并对该位点进行克隆测序。结果　PCR SSCP分析结果表明 ,R30 6ter位点序列具有多态性 ,表现为C、D二个等位基因和CC、CD及DD三种基因型。对R30 6ter多态性片段克隆测序发现 ,MC1R基因在编码第 30 6位氨基酸的密码子处存在一个由CGA到TGA的终止突变。结论　经统计分析结果表明在杂种犬中MC1R基因多态性与毛色性状不存在显著的相关性 ,这可能是由于外科手术学教学用犬是杂种犬 ,其遗传背景不同所致。由于MC1R基因的R30 6ter位点内存在碱基变异 ,因此在杂种犬中表现出明显的PCR SSCP多态性     

犬MC1R基因多态性与毛色表型相关性的研究

目的利用PCR—RFLP技术检测犬MC1R基因中T105A位点的多态性，分析该多态性与犬毛色表型的相关性。方法抽取36只比格犬血液并提取DNA，记录毛色表型。采用PCR—RFLP技术，对MC1R基因T105A位点进行基因多态性分析。用相关分析的统计学方法分析位点多态性与毛色性状之间的相关性。结果PCR—RFLP分析结果表明，T105A位点序列具有多态性，表现为A、B二个等位基因和AA、AB及BB三种基因型。A、B等位基因频率分别为58．33％和41．67％，基因杂合度（H）为0．59。基因型从频率为33．33％，BB为16．67％，AB为50．00％。经统计分析结果表明MC1R基因多态性与毛色性状不存在显著的相关性，这可能与Agouti蛋白对毛色的影响有关。结论在比格犬中MC1R基因的T105A位点表现出明显多态性并与毛色性状无相关性。     

喉癌p53基因点突变研究

目的 探讨喉癌组织p53基因点突变的频率、特征。方法 选用P53蛋白表达阳性的喉癌标本22例，正常喉组织2例，采用聚合酶链反应－限制性内切酶片段长度多态性（PCR－RFLP）、单链构象多态性（SSCP）及DNA直接测序法分析p53基因第7外显子第249位密码子的点突变。结果 在22例喉癌中有3例发生突变，分别位于248、250及254密码子，表现 为碱基C的丢失和A→T颠换，但无249密码子突变。结论 在喉癌中p53基因第7外显子的第249位密码子的突变可能并不常见。     

临床分离耐喹诺酮阴沟肠杆菌gyrA基因突变的研究

目的：检测临床分离耐喹诺酮阴沟肠杆菌DNA促旋酶gyrA基因突变情况。方法：收集临床分离耐喹诺酮阴沟肠杆菌30株及敏感株10株，测定其对萘啶酸、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)；用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增gyrA基因部分片断，对PCR产物进行限制性片断长度多态性(PCR—RFLP)及单链构象多态性(PCR—SSCP)分析，检测gyrA突变情况。结果：30株耐喹诺酮菌株都检测到gyrA基因突变，PCR—RFLP均显示两条不同于敏感株的电泳带，其PCR—SSCP则检测到4种不同于敏感菌的迁徙率条带；而10株敏感菌均未检测到gyrA基因突变。结论：阴沟肠杆菌对喹诺酮类药物耐药性与gyrA基因突变有关，gyrA基因第83位氨基酸密码子突变可能为其耐药的主要原因。     

中国人群MEF2A基因突变与冠心病易感性的关系

目的 研究冠心病相关基因MEF2A在中国人群的突变和多态性位点.方法 利用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism,PCR-SSCP)和DNA测序技术检测210例冠心病(CAD)患者及190名健康人MEF2A基因第11外显子.结果 冠心病患者SSCP电泳条带异常样本测序分析发现突变:①密码子451G/T(147191位点G→T)杂合或纯合同义突变;②147108～147131位点之间分别发生1个氨基酸(Q)、2个氨基酸(QQ)、3个氨基酸(QQP)、6个氨基酸(425QQQQQQ430)、7个氨基酸(424QQQQQQQ430)缺失;③密码子435G/A(147143位点)杂合突变.密码子451G/T杂合或纯合同义突变以及氨基酸的缺失是基因多态性,密码子435G/A考虑为新的突变.结论 中国人群在MEF2A基因第11外显子也存在多种基因多态性,其中6或7个氨基酸的缺失和1个147143位点突变可能与冠心病易感性有关.     

慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹发病机制探讨

①目的 探讨慢性进行性眼外肌麻痹(CPEO)发病的分子机制。②方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR—RFLP)技术以及PCR-单链构象多态性(PCR—SSCP)技术，对4例CPEO病人和10例非CPEO病人受累眼外肌线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的8483—13459碱基部位的缺失突变、tRNA(Leu)基因A3243G位点的点突变以及tRNA(Leu)基因其他位点的突变情况进行检测分析。③结果 在1例CPEO病人眼外肌标本中检测到mtDNA的8483～13459碱基部位的缺失突变；未检测出A3243G点突变及mtDNAtRNA(Leu)基因的其他点突变。④结论 mtDNA的848313459碱基部位缺失突变可能与CPEO的发病有关。     

喉癌p53基因点突变研究

目的　探讨喉癌组织 p5 3基因点突变的频率、特征。方法　选用 P5 3蛋白表达阳性的喉癌标本2 2例 ,正常喉组织 2例 ,采用聚合酶链反应 -限制性内切酶片段长度多态性 (PCR- RFL P)、单链构象多态性 (SSCP)及 DNA直接测序法分析 p5 3基因第 7外显子第 2 49位密码子的点突变。结果　在 2 2例喉癌中有 3例发生突变 ,分别位于 2 48、2 5 0及 2 5 4密码子 ,表现为碱基 C的丢失和 A→ T颠换 ,但无 2 49密码子突变。结论　在喉癌中 p5 3基因第 7外显子的第 2 49位密码子的突变可能并不常见     

异烟肼、利福平治疗肺结核致肝毒性易感基因的研究

目的：探讨N-乙酰基转移酶(NAT2)基因型与异烟肼、利福平治疗肺结核致肝毒性的相关性。方法：通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR—RFLP)技术分析67例经利福平、异烟肼治疗后发生或未发生肝功能异常的肺结核患者NAT2基因多态性的部位、性质及发生率。结果：病例组和对照组857位密码子多态性分别是20．3％和7．1％，两组差异显著。结论：NAT2基因型与异烟肼和利福平所致肝毒性关系密切，其中857位密码子点突变可能是结核患者发生肝毒性的易感基因型之一。     

肾素基因新的单核甘酸多态性与原发性高血压

目的扫描肾素基因发现新的多态性,探讨肾素基因新多态性与原发性高血压的关联性。方法运用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性（PCR—SSCP）方法,对肾素基因（REN）外显子4-8进行扫描,以发现新的多态性;运用聚合酶链反应．限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）确定新的多态性,在日本人212例原发性高血压（EH）者和209例正常血压（NT）者中进行病例对照研究。结果PCR．SSCP法发现外显子4下游第17碱基对处内含子4区域的一个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）T＋17int4G;DNA测序确定多态性。PCR—RFLP确定基因型后结果显示T＋17int4G的基因型频率在原发性高血压和正常血压组中无显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论内含子4的T＋17int4G SNP与日本人原发性高血压无关联性。     

一毛囊角化病家系中ATP2A2基因的突变

目的 :检测国内一毛囊角化病家系中ATP2A2基因的突变 ,探讨该病的发病机制。方法 :采用电镜、PCR、单链构象多态性 (singlestrandedconformationpolymorphism ,SSCP)分析和DNA测序方法。 结果 :电镜显示表皮基底细胞桥粒减少 ,张力微丝在核周凝聚。PCR SSCP方法提示ATP2A2基因 (编码肌浆网 /内质网钙离子 ATP酶 2 )第 5外显子可能存在异常 ,DNA测序证实了一种未见报道的新突变位点 :第 44 5位碱基由鸟嘌呤突变为腺嘌呤 ,使编码高度保守的 β链区第 149位氨基酸由门冬氨酸突变为门冬酰胺。 结论 :该毛囊角化病家系中存在ATP2A2基因突变 ,突变可能影响钙离子的转运 ,使表皮的细胞连接和分化出现异常     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.