围手术期肠内免疫营养对老年患者免疫和炎症反应的影响

目的观察消化道肿瘤患者围手术期使用肠内免疫营养(瑞能及谷胺酰胺)对患者的营养、免疫和急性炎性反应的影响。方法选择80例60岁以上营养不良行根治手术的消化道肿瘤老年患者,随机分为两组:免疫营养组37例(瑞能及谷胺酰胺)(实验组)和标准营养组43例(能全素)(对照组)。两组使用等热量肠内营养,125·4kJ·kg-1·d-1。营养素经口服或经鼻肠管使用,术前营养支持5d。术中均置鼻肠管或穿刺空肠造口(NCJ),术后第2天开始经空肠输注肠内营养,连续7d。术前第5、1天,术后第1、9天抽取静脉血,检测血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TFN)、T细胞分化亚群3(CD3)、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、C反应蛋白(CRP)各指标。结果实验组在术后第9天血清TFN为2·18g/L±0·29g/L、PA:0·23g/L±0·09g/L、CD4:33·8%±5·4%、CD4/CD8为1·17±0·12、IgG:13·2g/L±1·8g/L均比对照组术后第9天的相应指标显著增高(P<0·05),CRP则显著下降,由对照组的41·3mg/L±19·0mg/L,降为31·2mg/L±16·3mg/L(P<0·05)。结论老年消化道肿瘤患者围手术期免疫肠内营养支持较标准肠内营养支持能更好地改善患者营养状态、免疫功能、下调急性炎症反应。     

胃肠道肿瘤患者术后早期肠内营养与肠外营养支持的对照研究

目的对比分析胃肠道肿瘤患者术后早期肠内营养与肠外营养支持的效果。方法 52例胃肠道肿瘤患者术后根据随机数字表法分为EN组(肠内营养支持)和PN组(肠外营养支持),比较两组的术后恢复效果以及并发症情况。结果 EN组术后肛门排气时间、排便时间、住院时间、住院费用明显低于PN组(P<0.05)。而PN组的血清总蛋白、白蛋白均较术前明显降低,较EN组降低更明显(P<0.05)。术后出现并发症共16例次,EN组的并发症明显少于PN组(P<0.05)。结论胃肠道肿瘤患者术后早期肠内营养效果优于肠外营养,并发症少、住院时间短、费用低、术后恢复快,值得推广和应用。     

胃癌患者围手术期营养支持评估

目的 评估营养支持在胃癌患者围手术期治疗中合理应用的价值。方法 将64例胃癌患者随机分为营养支持组和非营养支持组 (各32例 ) ,营养支持组术前7d予肠外营养及术后早期予肠外 +肠内营养 ,非营养支持组仅予输注葡萄糖等。手术前后检查血常规、血特种蛋白、淋巴细胞 ,测24h尿氮含量。另选择常规体检正常者30名作正常对照组。结果 胃癌患者入院时前白蛋白和转铁蛋白水平较正常对照组明显降低 (P<0.01)。术前1d营养支持组经术前营养支持前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平和淋巴细胞数显著升高 (P<0.05或0.01) ,与非营养支持组比较差别也有显著性意义 (P<0.05) ;术后第1、3天血浆蛋白虽有下降 ,但下降幅度平缓 (P>0.05) ;而非营养支持组与术前相比 ,上述指标明显下降 (P<0.05)。术后7d时 ,营养支持组的营养状况、免疫功能恢复至术前水平。术后并发症的发生率非营养支持组 (15.62% )高于营养支持组 (6.25% )。结论 对胃癌患者围手术期进行合理营养支持 ,可有效改善患者的营养、免疫状况 ,减少术后并发症 ,有利于术后康复     

胃肠道手术病人应用肠外营养支持的临床观察

目的:评价胃肠手术病人围手术期肠外营养与普通输液的代谢效应.方法:40例胃肠道手术病人分成两组,肠外营养组及普通输液对照组各20例.术前和术后1周观察血红蛋白、总淋巴细胞计数、血浆白蛋白、氮平衡和体重的变化,及合并感染情况.结果:胃肠外营养组氮平衡比术前增加,而普通输液组的体重、血浆白蛋白水平下降,治疗后两组比较差异有统计学意义.肠外营养组的合并切口感染及泌尿系感染发病率低,但与对照组比较无显著性差异.结论:适当的肠外营养支持可使病人氮平衡、血浆白蛋白、体重增加.     

谷氨酰胺在大肠癌患者术后肠外支持中的作用

目的:探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)在大肠癌患者术后完全胃肠道外营养(TPN)中的作用。方法:60例大肠癌患者随机分为实验组(肠外营养加谷氨酰胺)和对照组(常规肠外营养),观察氮平衡、血浆白蛋白水平、术后疲劳评分等各项指标的变化。结果:对照组术后平均住院时间(13.12±3.21)d,实验组(10.90±2.81)d,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);两组患者术前血浆白蛋白水平相似,术后8 d实验组白蛋白水平普遍高于对照组,但两者之间无统计学差异;术后8 d实验组氮平衡明显改善,与对照组相比差异十分显著(P<0.01);术后8 d实验组患者主观感觉好于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:大肠癌患者术后予以肠外营养加谷氨酰胺支持,比常规肠外营养更有利于术后负氮平衡的改善及血浆白蛋白的恢复,并能缩短住院时间、减少术后并发症、显著改善术后疲劳。     

胃肠道肿瘤患者围手术期不同营养支持方法的研究

目的探讨不同营养支持途径在胃肠道肿瘤患者围手术期营养状况及恢复中的作用.方法将51例胃肠道肿瘤且伴有营养不良的患者,行根治性手术后随机分为3组,对照组为术后常规补液5～7 d,肠内营养(EN)组术后早期给予肠内营养支持5～7 d,完全胃肠外营养支持(TPN)组术后采用TPN治疗3～5 d,.并检测术前、术后营养状况指标及患者恢复情况.结果血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白水平各项指标中,EN组、TPN组较术前降低,但差异无显著性,对照组术后较术前显著下降(P<0.05).EN组、TPN组患者术后并发症及住院天数均少于对照组.结论术后肠内、外营养支持能够改善胃肠道肿瘤患者营养状况,减少术后并发症的发生、缩短住院天数.术后早期施行EN是安全、可行和有效的.     

神经外科86例肠外营养患者的护理体会

目的:对比神经外科患者早期肠内与肠外营养支持的营养指标及并发症发生率。方法:将神经外科患者随机分为胃肠道营养组(肠内组)和胃肠外营养组(肠外组),对比营养支持后两组患者血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白等营养指标以及腹泻、腹胀、肠麻痹、胃肠道出血、肝功能损害等。结果:两组在伤后1周血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白等营养指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但肠外组腹泻、腹胀、肠麻痹、胃肠道出血、肝功能损害、高血糖的发生率明显低于肠内组(P<0.05)。结论:与肠内营养相比,早期全肠外营养支持可较好地改善患者营养状况,且并发症少,是神经外科患者较好的营养支持方式。     

胃肠道肿瘤病人围手术期的营养支持

目的 总结138例胃肠道肿瘤病人围手术期营养支持方法。方法 观察患者手术前后血清蛋白、营养支持时间、术后并发症发生率及住院时间。结果 经肠外营养(PN)、肠内营养(EN)后患者并发症发生率减低，住院时间缩短，血清蛋白增加明显，加快了机体康复。结论 胃肠道肿瘤病人围手术期营养支持可改善病人各脏器的储备功能，提高手术耐受性，有利于手术康复。     

胃癌术后早期应用肠内营养和肠外营养的临床分析

目的:探讨应用早期肠内营养和肠外营养对胃癌术后恢复的影响。方法:将40例胃癌根治术患者随机分为应用早期肠内和肠外营养(EEN+PN组)和单纯肠外营养支持(PN组)两组。观察在治疗过程中两组患者并发症的发生率、术后肠功能恢复时间及营养学指标,并进行对比分析。结果:两组患者术后并发症的发生率无明显差异;EEN+PN组术后胃肠道功能恢复时间明显早于PN组(P<0.05)。两组术后在营养支持后体重、血清白蛋白、总蛋白和血红蛋白等指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:两种方法均能对胃癌术后患者进行有效的营养支持,联合应用早期肠内营养和肠外营养可促进胃癌术后胃肠道功能恢复。     

预康复概念在食管癌患者围手术期中的应用

目的探讨食管癌患者围手术期予以预康复概念处理的临床意义。方法将34例食管癌患者作为观察组,围手术期予以预康复概念一系列处理,包括术前营养支持、液体控制、体能训练（心肺功能训练）、预防性镇痛和心理准备等,另选择30例食管癌患者作为对照组,予以常规围手术期处理,通过观测两组术前1d和术后1d及7d的营养和免疫指标、消化道症状的表现、并发症及肠功能恢复时间等,对预康复概念的处理在食管癌围手术期的作用进行探讨。结果观察组患者术后7d的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、IgG、IgA、IgM和血清总淋巴计数[（68.5±4.2）g/L、（43.6±2.8）g/L、（297±21.3）g/L、（2501±189）mg/L、（9.11±1.1）g/L、（2.92±0.4）g/L、（1.76±0.3）g/L、（1.22±0.2）×109/L]均明显高于对照组[（61.2±3.8）g/L、（34.1±4.3）g/L、（210±17.6）g/L、（2112±151）mg/L、（7.92±0.6）g/L、（2.56±0.3）g/L、（1.65±0.1）g/L、（1.13±0.1）×109/L],肠功能恢复时间[（49.8±7.24）h]明显低于对照组[（77.6±9.81）h],肠道并发症明显少于对照组,其中腹胀[4例（11.8%）vs12例（40%）],腹泻[6例（17.6%）vs13例（43.3%）],差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论在食管癌围手术期实施预康复概念处理,对患者手术后的康复有促进作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.