腔内超声引导下腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗完全肾内型肾肿瘤5例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗完全肾内型肾肿瘤的手术技巧及结果。方法:2008年9月~2013年8月采用腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗完全型肾肿瘤患者5例,其中肾透明细胞癌4例,肾错构瘤1例;经腹膜后腔途径4例,经腹腔途径1例。手术的关键步骤包括术中超声的应用、肾蒂的阻断和肾脏集合系统的缝合等。结果:5例患者手术均顺利完成,平均手术时间180(135~250)min,肾蒂阻断时间22~40min,平均33min。肿瘤大小平均2.3(1.5~3.0)cm,术中平均出血量180(100~250)ml,均未输血,术中需集合系统修补4例。术后随访5~55个月,平均35.3个月,均未见肿瘤局部复发或远处转移。结论:腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗完全肾内型肾肿瘤安全有效,术中超声检查可对肿瘤进行有效定位,减少切缘的阳性率,是手术成功的关键。     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术治疗T1期肾肿瘤（附22例报道）

目的探讨后腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术治疗T1期肾肿瘤的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析22例行后腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术的T1期肾肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中男8例,女14例,平均年龄48岁。双侧肾肿瘤1例,单侧双瘤灶1例;左侧13例,右侧10例。肿瘤平均直径3cm。所有患者均行后腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术。结果 22例手术均顺利完成。平均手术时间135min,平均肾动脉阻断时间29min,平均出血量55ml,平均住院时间10d。术中未见外科并发症,术后仅1例发生漏尿。术中切缘组织病理均阴性。24个瘤灶术后病理证实为肾透明细胞癌19例、多房囊性肾细胞癌2例、肾嗜酸细胞瘤2例、肾嫌色细胞腺癌1例。随访时间1～28个月,平均10个月,肿瘤无局部复发及远处转移。结论后腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术治疗T1期肾肿瘤安全、可行,其远期疗效尚待长期随访。     

采用2 μm激光不阻断肾蒂行腹腔镜肾部分切除术

目的 评估应用2 μm激光在不阻断肾蒂、腹腔镜下肾部分切除术中的应用价值.方法 2012年5月～2013年1月,共治疗肾占位病变5例,CT显示肿瘤位于上极2例,中极2例,下极1例,肿瘤直径2.5～3.8 cm,平均3.1 cm,临床分期均为T1a期,应用2μm激光(60 ～80 W)在不阻断肾蒂下行腹腔镜肾部分切除术.结果 所有手术均成功完成,手术时间60 ～140 min,平均86 min,术中出血10 ～40 ml,平均20 ml.无一例输血和术后出血.术后病理示透明细胞癌3例,嫌色细胞癌1例,错构瘤1例,切缘全部阴性.术后随访2～8个月,中位数5个月,未见肿瘤复发及转移.结论 在腹腔镜肾部分切除术中,应用2 μm激光切除肿瘤止血好、不用阻断肾蒂,是安全有效切除肿瘤的一种方法.     

选择性肾段动脉阻断在腹腔镜保留肾单位手术中的应用(附17例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜选择性肾段动脉阻断保留肾单位的肾部分切除术治疗T1期肾细胞癌的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年9月至2014年5月收治的17例T1期肾癌患者,肿瘤直径1.2~4.0 cm,平均(3.1±0.8)cm。术前均行肾动脉血管造影检查,采用后腹腔入路,根据肾动脉血管造影检查选择性阻断供应瘤体的肾动脉分支,距瘤体边缘0.3~0.5 cm切除肿瘤。术后随访3~20个月。结果:17例手术均获成功。术中输血1例。手术时间68~156 min,平均(112.0±20.8)min;肾段动脉阻断时间18~42 min,平均(26.0±8.9)min;术中出血量30~240 ml,平均(80.0±15.6)ml。病理结果:透明细胞癌13例、乳头状细胞癌2例、嫌色细胞癌1例、Bellini集合管癌1例,病理切缘均为阴性。其中1例孤立肾患者术后3 d血肌酐升高至240 mmol/L,放置双J管后血肌酐下降,随访12个月始终维持在120~150 mmol/L;另2例孤立肾患者及其余患者肾功能均正常,CT检查提示无肿瘤复发及淋巴结远处转移。结论:直径小于4 cm的T1期肾癌行腹腔镜超选择性肾动脉阻断保留肾单位的肾部分切除术,患者创伤小,安全性高,对预防术后肾功能不全具有较好的效果。     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗肾脏肿瘤

【摘要】 目的 探讨后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的方法和临床应用价值。方法 选取2013年7月至2017年11月在本院收治37例肾脏肿瘤患者施行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术,其中肾透明细胞癌T1a期23例,T1b期4例,肾错构瘤9例,T1a期肾嫌色细胞癌1例。术中充分游离肾脏和肿块表面脂肪,血管夹阻断肾动脉主干动脉,距肿块边缘正常组织0.5 cm处切除肿块,缝合创面并用Hem-o-lock固定减张。结果 36例成功施行腹腔镜下切除术,其中1例因行肾段动脉阻断未完全,出血较多中转开放手术,2例未行肾动脉阻断。手术时间65～225 min,平均95 min,术中出血量20～1000 mL,平均125 mL,肾动脉阻断时间10～35 min,平均24 min。1例术后2周继发出血,行介入栓塞治疗后出血停止。住院时间11～27 d,平均14.6 d,随访3～27个月,无远期并发症,肿瘤未见复发。结论 后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗肾脏肿瘤创伤小,恢复快,效果显著,值得推广。     

腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗中央型肾肿瘤12例报告

目的 探讨中央型肾肿瘤腹腔镜肾部分切除术的经验. 方法 2004年1月至2007年5月,对12例中央型肾肿瘤(肾细胞癌10例、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例)施行腹腔镜下肾部分切除术.结果 12例手术均顺利完成,经腹腔途径5例,腹膜后腔途径7例,手术时间120～240 min,平均172 min,肾动脉阻断时间25～61 min,平均32 min.术中出血量100～300 ml,均未输血.术中结扎三级血管者9例,需缝合集合系统者7例.病理报告:肾细胞癌10例,切缘均阴性;肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例.结论 中央型肾肿瘤行腹腔镜肾部分切除术安全有效,三级血管的分离结扎和腔内实时超声可能有助于此项术式的开展.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术11例报告

目的 探讨采用自制单孔腹腔镜通道行经脐单孔腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术的安全性和初期疗效. 方法 2010年7月至2011年11月肾细胞癌患者11例,男5例,女6例.年龄37～68岁,平均49岁.体质指数(body mass index,BMI)18.4～ 30.4 kg/m2,平均24.2 kg/m2.腹部B超及肾脏CT检查提示11例均为肾细胞癌,肿瘤位于左肾7,右肾4例;位于肾上极3例、中部4例、下极4例;2例可疑淋巴结转移,1例患肾并存肾囊肿,未见其他腹部脏器转移征象.肿瘤临床分期:T1aN0M01例,T1bN0M05例,T2aN0M03例,T1bN1M02例.全麻下行经脐单孔腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术,采用自制单孔腹腔镜通道,手术步骤与传统腹腔镜下肾根治性切除术相似. 结果 本组11例手术中8例顺利完成,2例中转为传统腹腔镜手术,1例中转为手助腹腔镜手术,无中转开放手术.手术时间155～ 297 min,平均225 min.术中出血量50 ～900 ml,平均271 ml.术后病理诊断均为肾细胞癌,病理分期为T1a3例,T1b5例,T2a3例.术后视觉模拟疼痛评分3～6分,平均4分.住院时间5～15 d,平均10d.术后随访8～24个月,平均17个月,11例患者均存活,对切口外观满意,无肿瘤复发及转移. 结论 采用自制单孔通道行经脐单孔腹腔镜下根治性肾切除术刘部分肾细胞癌患者是一种安全的治疗方式,切口美观性好,初期肿瘤学效果满意.     

后腹腔镜分支肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术的临床分析(附13例报告)

目的:初步评估后腹腔镜分支肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术的可行性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2011年2月~2013年2月对13例肾癌患者行后腹腔镜分支肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术的临床资料(肿瘤直径≤4.0cm)。观察手术时间、术中出血量、分支肾动脉阻断时间、术后住院时间和围手术期并发症。结果:全部患者手术均成功完成。手术时间120~170min,平均135min;分支肾动脉阻断时间14~40min,平均26min;术中出血量50~190ml,平均95ml;术后住院时间8~10d,平均9d,围手术期无并发症。术后病理诊断:肾透明细胞癌10例,嫌色细胞癌2例,乳头状癌1例,肿瘤切缘均阴性。随访5~24个月,所有患者均未见肿瘤局部复发、转移。结论:后腹腔镜分支肾动脉阻断肾部分切除术术中出血少、损伤小,术后恢复快,并最大限度保留肾功能单位。初步观察该手术安全可行,是后腹腔镜下肾动脉主干阻断肾部分切除术与开放手术的有益补充。     

腹腔镜肾切除术中钛夹处理肾蒂的体会

目的:介绍腹腔镜肾切除术中单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂的术式与经验。方法:腹腔镜肾切除术7例,其中肾积水无功能肾6例,肾结核1例。经腹腔镜操作,分离出输尿管显露肾蒂,肾动脉、肾静脉钛夹夹闭后切断,单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂切除肾脏。结果:手术均获成功,术中和术后无肾血管出血发生。手术时间130~220m in,平均150m in;术中出血80~150m l,平均120m l;术后住院时间5~7d。结论:腹腔镜肾切除术中单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂,效果确切,经济可行。     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾肿瘤的临床价值

目的：探讨后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T3a期肾肿瘤的手术技巧和临床价值。方法：采用后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾肿瘤患者52例,观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数和术中术后并发症及手术效果。结果：52例手术均获得成功,平均手术时间90min,平均出血量70ml,平均术后住院时间8天,围手术期无并发症,平均随访21个月,无局部复发。结论：后腹腔镜肾部分切除术具有低失血量、术后镇痛药物使用少、住院时间短、恢复快、肾功能损伤小的优点,是≤4cm的T1a期肾肿瘤的首选治疗术式。     

零热缺血后腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1a肾癌的近期临床疗效

目的探讨未阻断肾蒂血管后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a期肾癌的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月佛山市第一人民医院行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的56例（24例无肾蒂阻断,32例阻断肾蒂血管）T1a期肾癌的临床资料。 结果两组患者在术前平均血肌酐水平（无肾蒂阻断组72 μmol/L;肾蒂阻断组75 μmol/L）、平均手术时间（无肾蒂阻断组64 min;肾蒂阻断组60 min）、术后1个月平均血肌酐水平（无肾蒂阻断组75 μmol/L;肾蒂阻断组82 μmol/L）差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者在术中平均出血量（无肾蒂阻断组为100 ml;肾蒂阻断组为44 ml）、术中热缺血时间（无肾蒂阻断组为0 min ;肾蒂阻断组为25 min）差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。无肾蒂阻断组术侧放射性核素断层扫描术前平均51 ml/min,术后1个月平均49 ml/min,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。肾蒂阻断组术侧放射性核素断层扫描术前平均52 ml/min,术后1个月平均45 ml/min,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组肾癌患者术后病理报告均为肾透明细胞癌,术后随访3～36个月,平均17个月,肿瘤无复发转移。 结论零热缺血后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗T1a肾癌安全可行,有利于术侧肾单位及功能的保留。     

腹腔镜与开放性肾部分切除术治疗小肾癌的安全性与疗效分析

目的 比较腹腔镜与开放性肾部分切除术治疗小肾癌的安全性与近期治疗效果.方法 2004年1月至2009年3月T1aN0M0的肾癌患者110例,均接受肾部分切除术,其中腹腔镜肾部分切除术(LPN)52例(LPN组),开放性肾部分切除术(OPN)58例(OPN组).评估患者的手术时间、肾动脉阻断时间、手术并发症、术后恢复和手术切缘情况.结果 LPN组和OPN组的平均手术时间分别为177.8和126.7 min(P<0.01),肾动脉阻断时间分别为28.3和21.9 min(P>0.05);两组各有2例(3.8%)和1例(1.7%)需要输血(P>0.05);手术前后肌苷变化两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组分别有6例(11.5%)和8例(13.8%)需缝合集合系统(P>0.05);分别有6例(11.5%)和8例(13.8%)术后出现血尿(P>0.05);未出现尿瘘或其他严重的并发症.患者的手术切缘均为阴性.两组患者平均术后住院天数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 LPN的安全性和治疗效果与OPN相同,但术后恢复快于OPN.对于经选择的患者和有丰富经验的医师,可以考虑将LPN作为治疗T1aN0M0肾癌的首选术式.     

腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融和肾部分切除术治疗肾癌的临床疗效比较

目的 比较腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融和肾部分切除术治疗肾癌的临床疗效.方法 2005年4月至2008年5月先后采用腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融和肾部分切除术治疗肾细胞癌66例.射频消融组37例,治疗39次.男30例,女7例,平均年龄62岁.肿瘤位于左肾13例,右肾22例,双肾2例.肿瘤最大径2.1～8.5 cm.其中T_1N_0M_032例,T2N0M07例.肾部分切除组29例.男19例,女10例,平均年龄61岁.肿瘤最大径2.0～4.5 cm,平均2.8 cm.统计学比较2组手术前后Hb、红细胞沉降率、SCr、患侧GFR及手术时间、术中平均出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率等指标.结果 68例次手术均获成功,无中转开放者.射频消融组和肾部分切除组Hb、红细胞沉降率、SCr、患侧GFR与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组手术时间分别为(87±22)、(146±45)min,术中出血量分别为(46±27)、(274±269)ml,术后住院时间分别为(5±1)、(10±2)d,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).射频消融组术后无明显腹腔镜相关并发症,术后6周39个肾癌病灶完全消融37个(94.9%),消融不全2个;肾部分切除组术后出现漏尿1例,2周后自行愈合.66例术后平均随访20(3～36)个月,无复发及死亡者.结论 腹腔镜下冷循环射频消融治疗肾癌安全有效.在手术时间、术中出血量和术后恢复等方面优于腹腔镜下肾部分切除术.     

Rapid communication: chronic renal insufficiency after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy for pathologic t1a lesions

PURPOSE: To report the prevalence of new-onset renal insufficiency in patients undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) as compared to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for pathologic T1a lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients and 37 patients with a normal contralateral kidney, preoperative creatinine (Cr) concentration <2 mg/dL, and tumors <4 cm in size underwent LPN and LRN, respectively. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using an abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. Cr concentrations and GFR values were analyzed in patients undergoing LPN or LRN. Statistical analysis was performed with two-tailed t-test assuming unequal variances, to establish significance by P < 0.05. RESULTS: Preoperative Cr and GFR was equivalent in the LPN and LRN groups (0.9 mg/dL and 90 mL/min). At last follow-up (mean 205 and 233 days in the LPN and LRN groups, respectively) mean creatinine was 1.03 +/- 0.3 mg/dL v 1.4 mg/dL +/- 0.3 (P = 0.0002). Estimated GFR was 79 +/- 22 mL/min per 1.73 m2 v 55 +/- 14 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (range 31-91 mL/min per 1.73 m2; P < .0001) in the LPN and LRN groups, respectively. One patient in the LPN group and three patients in the LRN group had clinical renal insufficiency as defined by Cr > 2.0 mg/dL. Subclinical renal insufficiency (Cr < 2.0, but calculated GFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) was present in 57% of the LRN patients v 15% of the LPN patients. CONCLUSIONS: LPN preserves renal function more effectively than LRN for pathologic T1a lesions. Subclinical renal insufficiency (GFR <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2) was present in the majority of patients undergoing radical nephrectomy in our series. Importantly, this series included the use of warm ischemia in all cases.     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗早期肾癌

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术治疗早期肾癌的可行性及安全性.方法 肾癌患者65例.男45例,女20例.平均年龄52岁.临床分期均为T_1N_0M_0.肿瘤直径1.8～4.0 cm,单发.行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术.术中用bulldog血管夹阻断肾动脉,距肿瘤边缘0.5～1.0 cm处完整切除肿瘤.结果 中转开放手术3例,改为根治性肾切除术1例.手术时间平均120(70～210)min,肾动脉阻断时间平均32(21～55)min,术中出血量平均60(20～200)ml,平均住院10.5(7～15)d.术后发生肾周血肿1例,尿瘘1例,保守治疗后痊愈.62例患者随访3～56个月,未见肿瘤复发.残肾功能良好.结论 后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术是治疗直径≤4 cm、局限性单发肾癌的有效方法.     

Exploring the learning curve, pathological outcomes and perioperative morbidity of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed for renal mass

PURPOSE: We investigated the learning curve, pathological results and perioperative morbidity of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of all LPN cases at our institution between January 1999 and March 2004 were reviewed. Of 223 cases 217 (97.3%) were performed for an enhancing renal mass. RESULTS: Mean tumor size was 2.6 cm (range 1 to 10) and 95.4% of patients had a normal contralateral kidney. Transient vascular control was performed in 75.1% of cases. Mean operative time (186 minutes) decreased with surgeon experience (p = 0.003) but was independent of tumor size (p = 0.964). Mean warm ischemia time (27.6 minutes) depended on tumor size (p = 0.005) but not on experience (0.964). Mean blood loss was 385 cc and the perioperative transfusion rate was 6.9%. Postoperative complications occurred in 23 cases (10.6%) with the most common being ileus (1.8%), bleeding (1.8%) and urinary leakage (1.4%). Although the mean serum creatinine change after LPN was a function of tumor size (p <0.001), it was clinically insignificant (0.13 mg/dl). No significant relationship was observed between warm ischemia time and creatinine change (p = 0.262). The final pathological evaluation revealed renal cell carcinoma in 144 patients (66.4%) and the overall positive margin rate was 3.5%. Only 2 renal cell carcinoma recurrences in the operated kidney (1.4%) were identified (mean followup +/- SD 24 +/- 12 months). CONCLUSIONS: LPN is an effective approach for treating small renal masses with low perioperative morbidity. Contrary to previous reports, more than 30% of the enhancing renal lesions excised in this series were found to be benign on final pathological evaluation.     

腹腔镜肾部分切除术（附160例报告）

目的：介绍我院行腹腔镜肾部分切除术（LPN）的体会。方法：2004年1月～2009年11月采用腹腔镜经腹腔或后腹腔途径对160例肾肿瘤患者行LPN。局限性肾透明细胞癌135例,乳头状肾细胞癌6例,嫌色细胞癌2例,嗜酸细胞腺瘤2例,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤15例,肿瘤直径4．1cm（2．0～6．0cm）。左侧86例,右侧74例。观察手术时间、术中出血量、住院大数、并发症及手术效果。结果：160例手术均顺利完成。平均手术时间70min（40～150min）,152例患者平均血管阻断时间26min（20～55min）,8例患者未阻断肾血管。术中平均出血量75ml（10～300m1）。4例术后出现迟发出血,予以保守治疗。2例术后出现漏尿。平均住院时间7．5天（6～15天）。随访2～70个月肿瘤无复发。结论：LPN安全、有效,对肿瘤压迫集合系统的,腔镜下缝合也是安全有效的,随着手术技术的熟练,对复杂肾肿瘤行LPN,肾脏功能保留和肿瘤控制效果逐渐提高。     

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy. METHODS: From June 1994 to November 1999, 10 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at Osaka University Medical Hospital and Osaka Rosai Hospital. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed either via transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach under general anesthesia. These 10 cases were reviewed in respect of primary disease of the kidney, operative time, complications and postoperative convalescence. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients, five were preoperatively diagnosed as having a non-functioning kidney with hydronephrosis, two patients were diagnosed as having an atrophic kidney, two had renal cell carcinoma and one had renal pelvic tumor. The average operative time was 374 min (range 270-675 min). The mean blood loss was 330 mL (range 60-800 mL). One patient required transfusion due to postoperative oozing. The average hospital stay after operation was 7 days. No major postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is an option in surgically managing renal disorders, including malignancies, although it has a longer operative time compared to conventional open surgery.     

The use of a fibrin tissue sealant during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of commercially available fibrin tissue sealant as a haemostatic agent and collecting-system sealant during hand-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients underwent LPN for enhancing renal masses suspicious for renal cell carcinoma via a transperitoneal approach and with the use of a hand-assistance device. Monopolar electrocauterization and argon-beam coagulation were initially used to slow bleeding from the resection site. Through a laparoscopic applicator, Tisseel(TM) fibrin sealant (Baxter Inc., Deerfield, IL) was applied to the transected partial nephrectomy bed while the surgeon's hand maintained adequate compression and partial haemostasis. No further haemostatic measures were required in any patient; the patients were evaluated for acute and delayed bleeding or urinary extravasation. RESULTS: In all cases electrocauterization and argon-beam coagulation followed by the application of Tisseel was successful in obtaining strict haemostasis of the surgical bed, with no evidence of bleeding during or after surgery on immediate and extended follow-up. In addition, there was no evidence during or after surgery of any urinary leak. There were no immediate or delayed complications in any of the patients; a short-term outpatient follow-up (12-60 weeks) revealed no additional problems. CONCLUSIONS: Conventional haemostatic measures of electrocauteriztion and argon-beam coagulation combined with commercial fibrin sealant allows successful haemostasis during LPN. In addition to haemostatic properties, fibrin sealants appear to have sealing properties that may help to prevent complications of urinary leakage by helping to seal or close the small defects in the urinary collecting system. The use of this compound may facilitate the ability of the urological laparoscopist during LPN.