多目标注意追踪的干扰效应

背景由于在研究技术、实验方法和实验条件控制等方面的困难,视觉动态信息加工的研究相对较少.而在实际生活中,视觉接受的大部分信息是动态变化的,所以,对动态视觉信息加工的研究不仅有助于对视觉信息加工机制有更全面的了解,而且对实际工作与生活中自然、高效的人机界面的设计以及特殊专业领域的人员选拔都有重要的理论和应用价值.目的通过注意追踪的研究范式考察了分心刺激的数量、颜色和形状特征变化对多目标注意追踪的影响.设计采用2×3×2的被试内设计,被试为在读本科生.单位北京师范大学心理学院.对象实验于2003-04在北京师范大学心理学院实验室完成.选择北京师范大学24名大学生,其中男生11名,女生13名,年龄17～25岁,视力或矫正视力正常,颜色知觉正常.方法①实验仪器为PIV2.0计算机,显示器为Founder17英寸平面显示器.实验采用多目标追踪实验程序,被试通过键盘进行反应实验材料为"日"字形的字符."日"字的数量分别是5和9及13个.不同数量的"日"字经过3 s的随机运动,最后变成字母H和P及.实验采用的3个自变量分别是分心物的数量(2,6和10个3个水平),分心物与目标的颜色(一致和不一致两个水平),分心物和目标的形状变化(变化一致(│)/(│)或(│)/(│),变化不一致H/(│)或H/(│)).②对测试结果的统计分析采用三因素重复测量的方差分析和多重比较分析及配对T检验.主要观察指标被试者按键反应时和正确率.结果被试24名均进入结果分析.①三因素重复测量的方差分析显示,分心物数量变化的主效应达到了显著水平[F1(1,22)=6.040,P＜0.05],当目标与分心物形状不一致/颜色一致时,分心物数量变化对目标识别速度的主效应达到了显著水平[F(1,23)=9.965,P＜0.01].多重比较结果表明,分心物从2个增加到10个时的结果差异显著(RT10-RT2=109 m,P＜0.01;RT10-RT6=69 m,P＜0.05,单侧检验),这也表明分心物数量增加对目标识别产生了一定的干扰效应.②当分心物为2和10个时,无论颜色一致与否,被试对目标识别的反应速度均未达到显著水平,这说明分心物数量很少和很多时对目标注意追踪与识别的影响不明显;而当分心物数量为6个时,无论目标与分心物颜色是否一致,被试对与分心物形状不一致的目标的反应速度均显著快于形状一致的情况(T颜色一致=1.926;T颜色不一致=2.044,＜0.05,单侧检验),这说明在分心物为6个时,分心物形状特征对目标识别造成了显著的干扰效应.颜色一致性主效应不显著.这说明在分心物颜色变化对目标识别没有显著干扰效应.结论①分心物数量增加及其形状与目标的一致性对被试追踪和识别目标产生了一定影响.当目标与分心物形状和颜色均不一致时,分心物没有表现出干扰效应.②当目标与分心物空间特征(形状)一致时,无论颜色一致与否,分心物没有对目标追踪和识别造成干扰效应.③目标与分心物形状不一致时表现出了明显的干扰效应;但颜色一致时对目标识别没有显著的影响.     

多目标注意追踪的干扰效应

背景：由于在研究技术、实验方法和实验条件控制等方面的困难,视觉动态信息加工的研究相对较少.而在实际生活中,视觉接受的大部分信息是动态变化的,所以,对动态视觉信息加工的研究不仅有助于对视觉信息加工机制有更全面的了解,而且对实际工作与生活中自然、高效的人机界面的设计以及特殊专业领域的人员选拔都有重要的理论和应用价值.目的：通过注意追踪的研究范式考察了分心刺激的数量、颜色和形状特征变化对多目标注意追踪的影响.设计：采用2&;#215;3&;#215;2的被试内设计,被试为在读本科生.单位：北京师范大学心理学院.对象：实验于2003-04在北京师范大学心理学院实验室完成.选择北京师范大学24名大学生,其中男生11名,女生13名,年龄17～25岁,视力或矫正视力正常,颜色知觉正常.方法：①实验仪器为PIV2.0计算机,显示器为Founder17英寸平面显示器.实验采用多目标追踪实验程序,被试通过键盘进行反应实验材料为“日”字形的字符.“日”字的数量分别是5和9及13个.不同数量的“日”字经过3 s的随机运动,最后变成字母H和P及.实验采用的3个自变量分别是：分心物的数量（2,6和10个3个水平）,分心物与目标的颜色（一致和不一致两个水平）,分心物和目标的形状变化（变化一致P/P或q/q,变化不一致H/P或H/q）.②对测试结果的统计分析采用三因素重复测量的方差分析和多重比较分析及配对T检验.主要观察指标：被试者按键反应时和正确率.结果：被试24名均进入结果分析.①三因素重复测量的方差分析显示,分心物数量变化的主效应达到了显著水平[F1（1,22）=6.040,P＜0.05],当目标与分心物形状不一致/颜色一致时,分心物数量变化对目标识别速度的主效应达到了显著水平[F（1,23）=9.965,P＜0.01].多重比较结果表明,分心物从2个增加到10个时的结果差异显著（RT10-RT2=109 m,P＜0.01;RT10-RT6=69 m,P＜0.05,单侧检验）,这也表明分心物数量增加对目标识别产生了一定的干扰效应.②当分心物为2和10个时,无论颜色一致与否,被试对目标识别的反应速度均未达到显著水平,这说明分心物数量很少和很多时对目标注意追踪与识别的影响不明显;而当分心物数量为6个时,无论目标与分心物颜色是否一致,被试对与分心物形状不一致的目标的反应速度均显著快于形状一致的情况（T颜色一致=1.926;T颜色不一致=2.044,＜0.05,单侧检验）,这说明在分心物为6个时,分心物形状特征对目标识别造成了显著的干扰效应.颜色一致性主效应不显著.这说明在分心物颜色变化对目标识别没有显著干扰效应.结论：①分心物数量增加及其形状与目标的一致性对被试追踪和识别目标产生了一定影响.当目标与分心物形状和颜色均不一致时,分心物没有表现出干扰效应.②当目标与分心物空间特征（形状）一致时,无论颜色一致与否,分心物没有对目标追踪和识别造成干扰效应.③目标与分心物形状不一致时表现出了明显的干扰效应;但颜色一致时对目标识别没有显著的影响.     

线分法与行为偏侧忽略的相关性研究

目的 研究线分法与行为偏侧忽略的相关性，探讨线分法能否预测行为偏侧忽略。方法 根据行为偏侧忽略的评估量表——凯瑟林一波哥量表将30例脑卒中致左侧偏瘫的患者分为4组：严重偏侧忽略组，中度偏侧忽略组，轻度偏侧忽略组和无偏侧忽略组。11例年龄匹配的健康成人作为对照组。进行线分法检查时，在A4纸的左侧、中央和右侧分别画6条水平线段，让患者用右手持圆珠笔在线的中央划一垂直分隔线。计算分隔线右侧长度占该线段全长的百分比。结果 除轻度偏侧忽略组外，被分割线段空间的位置对其它各组人员的线分结果有明显影响。严重偏侧忽略组、无偏侧忽略组、对照组出现线分法中的位置“反转效应（crossovereffect）”。严重偏侧忽略组的患者在分隔A4纸左侧及中央的线段时出现向右的偏差，而在分隔A4纸右侧的线段时出现向左的偏差。在无偏侧忽略组及对照组，被检人员在分隔A4纸左侧线段时出现向左的偏差，而在分隔中央及右侧线段时出现向右的偏差。结论 本研究表明线分法中的位置“反转效应”若出现在位于患者右侧的线段，则强烈提示患者有重度行为偏侧忽略。     

经颅直流电刺激对脑卒中视觉空间忽略患者视运动探查功能的影响

摘要 目的：观察阳极经颅直流电刺激作用于右侧后顶叶皮质对右侧脑卒中后左侧视觉空间忽略患者视运动探查功能表现的影响。 方法：研究纳入20例右侧脑卒中后左侧视觉空间忽略患者,分为治疗组和对照组：治疗组（n=10）行经颅直流电刺激联合常规康复治疗;对照组（n=10）行常规康复治疗。治疗前、治疗后予以不同注意需求的视运动探查任务评估：单纯搜索目标（线段删除）、对不同搜索目标进行不同标记（缺口探查）、从干扰刺激中搜索目标（星星删除）。 结果：治疗组线段删除得分较治疗前有改善,左侧缺口圆判断错误率、星星删除遗漏率有所减低,且差异均有显著性意义（P＜0.05）;而对照组较基线水平相比差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组间线段删除、缺口探查未标记目标百分比及左侧缺口率差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05）,但星星删除差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）。 结论：阳极经颅直流电刺激作用于右侧后顶叶皮质对不同注意加工需求的视运动探查任务影响不同,经颅直流电刺激对单纯目标搜索功能的改善和以目标物自身为参考框架成分加工的改善有促进作用。     

听觉空间忽略研究进展

空间忽略是一种常见的神经系统综合征，表现为单侧脑卒中后（尤其是右侧脑卒中）不能对病灶对侧身体或空间呈现的刺激（视觉、躯体感觉、听觉以及运动觉刺激）做出反应。空间忽略的病灶常位于右侧大脑外侧裂周围，其典型的行为表现是患者似乎觉得病灶对侧的空间不存在。他们可能忽略了左侧的人或物，阅读时可能会漏掉左侧的字词，     

基于动态低频振幅观察不同性别无先兆偏头痛患者脑功能活动差异

目的 采用动态低频振幅(dALFF)技术分析不同性别无先兆偏头痛(MwoA)患者脑功能活动的差异。方法 前瞻性纳入50例MwoA患者(男23例、女27例)及46名健康受试者(男19名、女27名)采集脑功能MRI,以析因设计方差分析观察不同性别MwoA患者与健康受试者各脑区dALFF值的差异，以及其与临床量表评分的相关性。结果 相比健康受试者，MwoA患者右侧舌回及右侧丘脑dALFF值明显降低、左侧颞下回dALFF值明显升高(体素水平P<0.005,簇水平P<0.05);男性MwoA患者右侧岛叶、右内侧和旁侧扣带回dALFF值低于女性(体素水平P<0.005,簇水平P<0.05)。女性健康受试者右侧岛叶、右内侧和旁侧扣带回dALFF值低于男性(体素水平P<0.005,簇水平P<0.05)。交互效应结果显示，女性MwoA患者左侧眶额中回、左内侧额上回脑区活动强于男性、左侧丘脑活动弱于男性；男性健康受试者左侧额中回脑区活动强于女性，左侧额上回、左侧颞下回、右侧丘脑弱于女性(体素水平P<0.005,簇水平P<0.05)。女性MwoA患者左侧丘脑d...     

伴有忽略症的脑卒中患者的轮椅转换训练(附1例患者的研究报道)

<正> 康复目标的一个重要方面是通过训练患者的基本日常生活活动使其获得独立自理能力,但是,知觉功能障碍如忽略症的存在常常妨碍康复效果。单侧忽略是对脑损害患者对侧躯体的刺激没有反应,患者可以撞在忽略侧的物体上,可以表现为梳洗困难,如忘记括脸一侧的胡子,还可以表现为在阅读或画画时看不到或缺少了忽略侧的内容。左侧偏瘫患者出现忽略症较多较重。尽管存在严重的言语功能障碍,右侧偏瘫患者的基本功能恢复也要比伴有忽略症的左侧偏瘫患者为好。     

格兰杰因果分析观察酒精依赖患者杏仁核与全脑效应连接特点

目的 采用格兰杰因果分析观察酒精依赖患者杏仁核与全脑效应连接特点。方法 前瞻性纳入53例酒精依赖患者（病变组）及67名健康志愿者（对照组）,基于格兰杰因果分析（GCA）观察功能MRI所示双侧杏仁核与全脑效应连接异常脑区,分析效应连接与酒精依赖年限、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）、贝克焦虑量表（BAI）及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分的相关性,观察其效应连接特点。结果 病变组左侧杏仁核至左侧颞中叶、左侧眶部额上回、Cerebelum_6_R、右侧颞上回及右侧中扣带回的效应连接,以及Cerebelum_6_R至左侧杏仁核的效应连接均高于对照组（P均<0.05）,而右侧杏仁核至左侧海马旁回和右侧丘脑的效应连接均低于对照组（P均<0.05）。病变组左侧杏仁核至右侧中扣带回效应连接与BAI （r=0.409,P=0.002）及BDI评分（r=0.422,P=0.002）均呈正相关,左侧杏仁核至Cerebelum_6_R效应连接与酒精依赖年限（r=－0.297,P=0.031）及PSQI评分（r=－0.344,P=0.012）均呈负相关。结论 酒精依赖患者杏仁核与左侧颞中叶、左侧眶部额上回、Cerebelum_6_R、右侧颞上回、右侧中扣带回、左侧海马旁回及右侧丘脑效应连接异常,且与负性情绪相关。     

青少年抑郁障碍患者的注意网络功能特点分析

目的:探究青少年抑郁障碍患者的注意网络功能特点。方法:纳入青少年抑郁障碍患者40例为抑郁障碍组,及正常青少年40例为正常对照组,采用注意网络试验程序检测双侧视野对不同箭头类型和线索类型的反应时和错误率,并通过不同条件下的反应时和错误率评估注意网络的警觉效应、定向效应以及执行控制效应。结果:注意网络测试中,抑郁障碍组与正常对照组在右侧警觉效应时差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.11,P0.05),在定向及执行控制效应时及三个效应错误率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。抑郁障碍组左侧执行效应错误率与汉密尔顿抑郁(HAMD)评分正相关(r=0.551,P=0.008)。结论:青少年抑郁障碍患者注意功能部分受损,主要表现在注意警觉和执行功能方面,且执行功能与抑郁严重程度呈负相关。     

非自我为中心的偏侧忽略的发生及其解剖

目的:研究非自我为中心的空间忽略在整个忽略人群中的分布及其发生相关的解剖位点。方法:对55例右侧脑损伤后合并左侧空间忽略的患者进行不同参考框架下的分型,根据分型结果将忽略患者分为自我为中心的忽略亚组及合并非自我为中心和自我为中心的忽略亚组,比较两个亚组的临床特征,并利用MRIcro软件将两个亚组的头颅脑成像显示的病灶分别进行叠加和相减分析。结果:47例患者接受了分型测试,其中30例(63.83%)患者合并存在非自我为中心的忽略和自我为中心的忽略,17例患者表现为单纯的自我为中心的忽略。两个亚组的一般状况及临床特征比较无显著性差异。两个亚组的病灶部位相比,右侧颞上回、颞中回及豆状核的损伤在非自我为中心的忽略亚组更常见。结论:右侧脑损伤后存在左侧空间忽略的患者一半以上合并存在非自我为中心的忽略。非自我为中心的左侧空间忽略的发生与右侧颞上回、颞中回、豆状核及周围白质的损伤相关。     

Immediate effect of adding mirror visual feedback to lateral weight-shifting training on the standing balance control of the unilateral spatial neglect model

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the immediate effect of adding mirror visual feedback to lateral weight-shifting training on the standing balance control of the left unilateral spatial neglect model. [Participants and Methods] We included 64 healthy participants to create left unilateral spatial neglect models and divided them into four subgroups. Each subgroup received opposite lateral weight-shifting training with or without mirror visual feedback. We then evaluated the static and dynamic standing balance by measuring the center of pressure point alterations in the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior planes. We further evaluated the center of pressure length and bilateral load ratio. [Results] The center of pressure was significantly stable upon performing the eyes-open static standing balance test in the left weight-shifting training subgroup with mirror visual feedback. When participants performed the left dynamic standing balance test, the center of pressure moved significantly rightward and became significantly stable in the right weight-shifting training subgroup with mirror visual feedback. The left load ratio significantly decreased in the right weight-shifting training of subgroups that either did or did not receive mirror visual feedback upon performing the left dynamic standing balance test. [Conclusion] We concluded that adding mirror visual feedback to lateral weight-shifting training affected some measurements of standing balance control of the left unilateral spatial neglect model.     

Dynamic Spatial Coding within the Dorsal Frontoparietal Network during a Visual Search Task

To what extent are the left and right visual hemifields spatially coded in the dorsal frontoparietal attention network? In many experiments with neglect patients, the left hemisphere shows a contralateral hemifield preference, whereas the right hemisphere represents both hemifields. This pattern of spatial coding is often used to explain the right-hemispheric dominance of lesions causing hemispatial neglect. However, pathophysiological mechanisms of hemispatial neglect are controversial because recent experiments on healthy subjects produced conflicting results regarding the spatial coding of visual hemifields. We used an fMRI paradigm that allowed us to distinguish two attentional subprocesses during a visual search task. Either within the left or right hemifield subjects first attended to stationary locations (spatial orienting) and then shifted their attentional focus to search for a target line. Dynamic changes in spatial coding of the left and right hemifields were observed within subregions of the dorsal front-parietal network: During stationary spatial orienting, we found the well-known spatial pattern described above, with a bilateral hemifield representation in the right hemisphere and a contralateral preference in the left hemisphere. However, during search, the right hemisphere had a contralateral preference and the left hemisphere equally represented both hemifields. This finding leads to novel perspectives regarding models of visuospatial attention and hemispatial neglect.     

脑卒中患者偏侧忽略线分法试验中线段位置对结果的影响

目的研究线分法试验中线段位置对不同程度偏侧忽略脑卒中患者线分结果的影响，探讨线段位置对线分结果影响的机制。方法根据凯瑟林一波哥量表（CatherineBergegoScale，CBS）检出26例首发脑卒中致左侧偏侧忽略的患者，分为轻度忽略组（15例）和重度忽略组（11例），20例年龄匹配的健康成人作为对照组。进行线分法检查时，让患者中分在Ag纸的左侧、中央和右侧的长度为10cm的水平线段。然后在另外一张同样的Ag纸上，先让患者标出他所看到的线段两端，然后再在标出的线段中央划一条垂直分隔线。计算分隔线右侧长度占所分隔线段长度的百分比。结果轻度忽略组与对照组在上述线分试验中所有结果的差异均无统计学意义。在标出线段两端前，重度忽略组患者分隔左侧及中央线段时分隔线较实际中点出现明显右移。重度忽略患者标记后的3条线段长度均明显短于对照组和轻度忽略组，缩短的原因是标记左侧端点时标记点明显右移。结论线段位置主要对重度偏侧忽略患者的线分结果有影响，其主要机制是重度偏侧忽略患者所看到的线段均较实际线段短，忽略了所有位置线段的左侧端，这种忽略程度白左向右逐渐减轻。     

Spatial attention to thermal pain stimuli in subjects with visual spatial hemi-neglect: extinction, mislocalization and misidentification of stimulus modality

One approach to the study of disordered spatial attention is to carry out tests of extinction, in which stimuli are detected on the left when they are presented on the left alone, but not when both sides are stimulated simultaneously in a dual simultaneous stimulation (DSS) protocol. Extinction has been documented for multiple sensory modalities, but not for thermal pain stimuli, to our knowledge. We now test the hypothesis that subjects with visual spatial neglect (hemi-neglect) will have alterations in thermal pain sensation which are related to abnormal spatial attention. The results demonstrate that thermal pain extinction of hot and cold pain stimuli occurs in a proportion of subjects with hemi-neglect. In the subjects with visual spatial hemi-neglect but without thermal pain extinction, the sensation of the thermal pain stimulus on the affected (left) side was not extinguished but was often localized to the unaffected (right) side, and the submodality of the stimulus (cold or hot) was often misidentified. Ratios indicating the magnitude of extinction, mislocalization and misidentification were significantly larger on the left side of subjects with visual spatial neglect than in healthy controls or in controls with stroke but without hemineglect. The proportion of subjects with thermal pain extinction, mislocalization, or misidentification was significantly higher in subjects with hemi-neglect than those in either control group. These results demonstrate that disordered attention exerts a powerful effect upon the perception of both the location and the quality of thermal pain stimuli.     

Occultation oculaire et négligence spatiale unilatérale. Intérêt en rééducation

The use of eye-patches allows to modulate the visual information treating process. Twelve subjects with a left unilateral spatial neglect, randomly divided into three groups — non treated, treated by right eye complete patching, treated by right hemifield patching — were assessed at 1 month and 3 months after acute episode, by means of functional and neuropsychological tests. Results in the subjects treated by complete eye-patch [5]show an improvement of all the assessment parameters whatever the unilateral spatial neglect seriousness degree may be. The progression is less convincing in the patients treated by eye-patch in right hemifield. The effects of the different modalities of occultation interpreted on the basis of anatomo-physiological and psychophysiological patterns of attention, suggest the role of ocular occultation in the initial, voluntary and directed, coven attention recovery and secondary of the automatic and divided overt attention.     

重度半侧空间忽略症的临床分析(附5例临床病案分析)

目的研究重度半侧空间忽略症的临床表现、病变部位、可能机制，分析其康复疗效。方法分析5例合并重度半侧空间忽略症且不伴有偏盲的脑卒中患者康复治疗前后的临床检测数据。结果5例患者均合并明显的左侧空间忽略，均为右利手，康复治疗前后的半侧空间忽略检测差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论多项半侧空间忽略检测可了解残存视空间注意能力，其中Albent测验检出率最高；康复治疗对半侧空间忽略症有明确疗效。     

单侧后顶叶皮质过度活动对空间定向功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨单侧后顶叶皮质的过度活动是否会造成对侧同源脑区的功能抑制并影响空间定向功能。 方法：按照一定的入选标准选取健康受试者30人,采用兴奋性间歇性短阵快速脉冲刺激,随机对左/右侧后顶叶皮质进行真/假刺激,结合注意网络测试系统评定受试者视空间注意功能的变化。 结果：间歇性短阵快速脉冲刺激右侧后顶叶皮质,可以提高警觉及定向功能（P＜0.05）;刺激左侧后顶叶皮质,定向功能受损（P＜0.05）。 结论：右侧后顶叶是空间定向活动的关键脑区,左侧后顶叶过度活动可以导致右侧后顶叶功能抑制。建立双侧半球间新的竞争性平衡,对实现单侧后顶叶损害空间定向功能的康复具有重要意义。     

左侧空间忽略患者远空间忽略的表现与评定研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨右脑卒中后左侧空间忽略患者的远空间忽略特点和评定。方法2021年1月至10月,北京博爱医院30例右侧脑卒中后左侧空间忽略患者(n=30,患者组)与性别、年龄和文化程度匹配的健康人(n=30,对照组)行近空间和远空间线段划销测验、星星划销测验、线段二等分测验。方便抽取对照组25例于第二天同一时间行远空间线段二等分测验。结果对照组近空间和远空间漏划线段数和百分比、漏划星星数均为零;患者组二等分测验偏离中点长度和百分比均显著大于对照组(|t|>4.319,P<0.001);患者组远空间除二等分测验的偏离中点长度显著大于近空间测验外(t=-4.994,P<0.001),其余指标与近空间测试无显著性差异(|Z|<1.638,t=-1.282,P>0.05)。二等分测验重测ICC>0.462(P<0.01)。结论左侧近空间忽略脑卒中患者可同时存在远空间忽略,二等分测验可以用于远空间忽略的评定。     

Effects of hand and spatial conditions on visual line bisection

This study examined the effects of hand and spatial conditions on a visual line bisection task with normal right-handers and proposed a normal range of deviation for this task in middle and advanced age. Twenty-four normal dextrals in their fifties and sixties performed a visual line bisection task using either the left or right hand under three spatial conditions: at the midline and in the left and right hemispaces. Our results revealed that performance was significantly affected by the hand used but not spatial conditions: Left hand performance was significantly further leftward than right hand performance. There was no significant interaction between the hand and spatial conditions. The mean deviation of the right hand was 2.2% of the half line length to the right of the true center. The possibility of left unilateral spatial neglect should be considered if a patient bisects a line with a deviation greater than 10% of the half line length to the right.     

Successful inhibitory control over an immediate reward is associated with attentional disengagement in visual processing areas

We examined the neural basis of the capacity to resist an immediately rewarding stimulus in order to obtain a larger delayed reward. This was investigated with a Go/No-go task employing No-go targets that provided two types of reward outcomes. These were contingent on inhibitory control performance: failure to inhibit Reward No-go targets provided a small monetary reward with immediate feedback; while successful inhibitory control resulted in larger rewards with delayed feedback based on the highest number of consecutive inhibitions. We observed faster Go trial responses with maintained levels of inhibition accuracy during the Reward No-go condition compared to a neutral No-go condition. Comparisons between conditions of BOLD activity showed successful inhibitory control over rewarding No-Go targets was associated with hypoactivity in regions previously associated with regulating emotion and inhibitory control, including insula and right inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, regions previously associated with visual processing centers that are modulated as a function of visual attention, namely the left fusiform and right superior temporal gyri, were hypoactive. These findings suggest a role for attentional disengagement as an aid to withholding response over a rewarding stimulus and are consistent with the notion that gratification can be delayed by directing attention away from immediate rewards.