缺血后处理对肝缺血再灌注损伤后磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶和细胞外信号调节激酶的影响和意义

目的观察缺血后处理对肝缺血再灌注后磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)和细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)表达的影响,探讨肝缺血后处理的作用机制。方法采用大鼠70%肝缺血再灌注损伤模型,进行3次循环的再灌注1 min-阻断1 min的缺血后处理,观察假手术(S)组、LY294002+假手术(LY+S)组、PD98059+假手术(PD+S)组、缺血再灌注(IR)组、缺血后处理(IPO)组、LY294002+缺血后处理(LY+IPO)组和PD98059+IPO(PD+IPO)组的肝功能、细胞凋亡、Akt和ERK1/2磷酸化程度的变化。结果缺血后处理能明显减轻缺血再灌注造成的肝功能损害,增加Akt和ERK1/2的磷酸化程度,应用LY294002或PD98059后都可以取消IPO的作用。结论缺血后处理可能通过激活PI3K和ERK1/2减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤。     

缺血后处理对肝缺血再灌注损伤后磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶和细胞外信号调节激酶的影响和意义

摘要：目的观察缺血后处理对肝缺血再灌注后磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）和细胞外信号调节激酶1/2（ERK1/2）表达的影响,探讨
肝缺血后处理的作用机制。方法采用大鼠70%肝缺血再灌注损伤模型,进行3次循环的再灌注1 min-阻断1 min的缺血后处
理,观察假手术（S）组、LY294002+假手术（LY+S）组、PD98059+假手术（PD+S）组、缺血再灌注（IR）组、缺血后处理（IPO）组、
LY294002+缺血后处理（LY+IPO）组和PD98059+IPO（PD+IPO）组的肝功能、细胞凋亡、Akt和ERK1/2磷酸化程度的变化。结
果缺血后处理能明显减轻缺血再灌注造成的肝功能损害,增加Akt和ERK1/2的磷酸化程度,应用LY294002或PD98059后都
可以取消IPO的作用。结论缺血后处理可能通过激活PI3K和ERK1/2减轻肝缺血再灌注损伤。
     

MAPK、PI3K途径在蛇毒神经生长因子诱导PC12细胞分化的作用

目的 研究丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)和磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/Akt途径在蛇毒神经生长因子(NGF)诱导PC12细胞分化中的作用.方法 应用蛋白免疫印迹法分析p44/p42MAPK和Akt的磷酸化水平,并利用MAPK抑制剂PD98059和PI3K抑制剂LY294002,观察其对NGF诱导的PC12细胞形态学改变的影响.结果 眼镜蛇毒NGF在10ng/mL即可诱导PC12细胞长出突起,100,1000ng/mL作用明显,呈剂量效应关系;NGF能有效刺激p44/p42MAPK、Akt的磷酸化;分别用特异抑制剂PD98059抑制MAPK活性,LY294002抑制PI3K活性后,NGF诱导的细胞分化均受抑制.结论 蛇毒神经生长因子诱导PC12细胞的分化作用与p44/p42MAPK和PI3K/Akt途径相关.     

环磷酸鸟苷/蛋白激酶G信号通路的激活与再灌注损伤挽救激酶信号通路的关系

目的：观察脑钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide,BNP）激活环磷酸鸟苷/蛋白激酶G（cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G,cGMP/PKG）信号通路的心肌保护作用是否与细胞外调节蛋白激酶１/２（extracellular regulated protein kinase1/2,ERK1/2）、磷酸酰肌醇-３-激酶（phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase,PI3K）蛋白激酶的激活有关。方法：将84只新西兰兔随机分为7组（n=12）：假手术组;对照组;BNP组;BNP+LY294002组（LY294002为PI3K抑制剂）;LY294002组;BNP+PD98059组（PD98059为ERK1/2抑制剂）;PD98059组。除了假手术组只开胸不结扎冠状动脉外,其余6组均于结扎左回旋支45 min后恢复左回旋支血流,进行再灌注180 min。全程观察血流动力学及心电变化;实验终末,各组随机抽取6只兔子心脏做左室梗死面积测定,采用伊文思蓝和氯化三苯基四氮唑双染色法测定心肌梗死面积;每组另外6只兔子心脏取梗死边缘区组织,Western blot方法测定P-Akt/Akt、P-ERK1/2/ ERK1/2的表达。结果：心率（heart rate,HR）和平均动脉压（mean arterial blood pressure,MABP）在基线水平上无明显差异（P >0.05）。与基线水平相比,HR和MABP在缺血以及再灌注时期有明显下降（P<0.05）,而在再灌注时期维持较稳定的水平。各组之间HR、MABP差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;与对照组相比,BNP组心律失常发生率明显减少（P<0.003 125）。与BNP组比较,BNP+LY294002组、LY294002组、BNP+PD98059组及PD98059组心律失常明显增加（P<0.003 125）,BNP+LY294002组和LY294002组,BNP+PD98059组和PD98059组差异无统计学意义（P >0.003 125）;假手术组无心肌梗死。与对照组比较,BNP组心肌梗死范围明显减少（P <0.05）。与BNP组比较,BNP+LY294002组、LY294002组、BNP+PD98059组及PD98059组梗死面积明显增加（P<0.05）。BNP+LY294002组和LY294002组,BNP+PD98059组和PD98059组差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;与对照组比较,BNP组Akt、ERK1/2的磷酸化水平明显增加（P <0.05）。与BNP组相比,BNP+LY294002组Akt的磷酸化水平及BNP+PD98059组ERK1/2的磷酸化水平分别明显降低（P <0.05）。BNP+LY294002组和LY294002组Akt的磷酸化水平,BNP+PD98059组和PD98059组ERK1/2的磷酸化水平差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论：BNP激活cGMP/PKG信号通路,对心肌缺血再灌注损伤产生保护作用,且该通路的激活与再灌注损伤挽救激酶通路的激活有关。     

Integrin β1 participates in acquired resistance to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer

目的 探讨整合素β1及其下游信号转导通路在非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFRTKI)吉非替尼获得性耐药中的作用.方法 以人肺腺癌细胞株PC-9和吉非替尼耐药株pC-9/G作为研究对象,免疫印迹分析检测整合素β1、Akt、磷酸化Akt蛋白的表达;用MTT法检测吉非替尼和(或)磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)抑制剂LY294002、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)抑制剂PD98059对细胞增殖的影响;用Annexin V/PI试剂盒和TUNEL试剂盒检测细胞凋亡.结果 吉非替尼耐药株PC-9/G高表达整合素β1,RNA T扰抑制整合素β1表达能够抑制PC-9/G细胞的生长和促进凋亡.PC-9/G细胞中吉非替尼对Akt磷酸化的抑制作用弱于PC-9细胞,RNA干扰抑制整合素β1表达后Akt的磷酸化水平降低.ERK抑制剂PD98059不能恢复PC-9/G细胞对吉非替尼的敏感性,PI3K抑制剂LY294002能恢复PC-9/G细胞对吉非替尼的敏感性.结论 整合素β1过表达可以通过PI3K途径激活下游信号分子,这可能是一种重要的EGFR TKI耐药机制.     

活血胶囊激活 PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1通路对血管内皮细胞发挥抗氧化损伤作用

目的研究活血胶囊(HXJN)对血管内皮细胞的抗氧化损伤作用分子机制。方法 采用WST-1法检测细胞活力；qRT-PCR和Western blot技术检测血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）的表达；检测 HXJN对Akt和转录因子Nrf2的激活作用，并分析其对HO-1表达的影响。结果 HXJN可显著减轻 H2O2 对细胞活力的抑制作用。HXJN可上调HO-1表达水平。HXJN可诱导Akt和Nrf2磷酸化，并促进Nrf2核转位；LY294002、perifosine和ML385均抑制 HXJN对HO-1的上调，LY294002可抑制Nrf2核转位。结论 HXJN促进HO-1表达而发挥抗氧化损伤作用，Akt和Nrf2参与调控HO-1表达。     

整合素β1信号通路参与非小细胞肺癌吉非替尼获得性耐药

目的 探讨整合素β1及其下游信号转导通路在非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI)吉非替尼获得性耐药中的作用。方法 以人肺腺癌细胞株PC-9和吉非替尼耐药株PC-9/G作为研究对象,用MTT法检测吉非替尼和/或磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）抑制剂LY294002、细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）抑制剂PD98059对细胞增殖抑制率的影响;用Annexin Ⅴ/PI试剂盒和TUNEL试剂盒检测细胞凋亡。免疫印迹分析检测整合素β1、Akt、磷酸化Akt蛋白的表达。结果 吉非替尼耐药株PC-9/G高表达整合素β1,RNAi抑制整合素β1表达能够抑制PC-9/G细胞的生长、促进调亡。ERK抑制剂PD98059不能恢复PC-9/G细胞对吉非替尼的敏感性。PC-9/G细胞中吉非替尼对Akt的磷酸化的抑制作用弱于PC-9细胞。PI3K抑制剂LY294002能恢复PC-9/G细胞对吉非替尼的敏感性,RNAi抑制整合素表达后Akt的磷酸化水平降低。结论 表达升高的整合素β1通过PI3K途径激活下游信号分子可能是一种重要的EGFR-TKI耐药机制。     

丹红注射液通过改善线粒体功能障碍减轻缺氧/复氧诱导的心肌细胞损伤

[目的]研究丹红注射液(DHI)对缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤心肌细胞线粒体功能的调节作用机制。[方法]建立原代心肌细胞H/R损伤模型。四甲基噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶(PI3K)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)/MAPK激酶(MEK)抑制剂LY294002与PD98059干预后,DHI对H/R损伤心肌细胞存活的影响。采用荧光探针Rh123检测DHI对H/R损伤心肌细胞线粒体膜电位(Δφm)的影响。蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测LY294002和PD98059干预后DHI对H/R损伤的心肌细胞PI3K及MEK下游丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(Akt)和ERK1/2蛋白表达及活性水平的影响。应用海马生物能量检测仪测定正常与H/R损伤条件下DHI对线粒体能量代谢的影响。[结果] DHI能够明显逆转H/R引起的细胞活力和线粒体膜电位下降。阻断剂LY294002和PD98059干预后,DHI对心肌细胞活力和线粒体膜电位的改善作用明显减弱。DHI能够显著增加H/R损伤的心肌细胞Akt和ERK蛋白磷酸化水平,且这种促进作用能够被抑制剂LY294002和PD98059抑制。常氧条件下,DHI不影响心肌细胞线粒体能量代谢。H/R条件下,DHI能够显著抑制心肌细胞线粒体基础耗氧率与最大耗氧率下降,增加线粒体能量储备能力。[结论] DHI能够激活Akt和ERK1/2,抑制H/R造成的线粒体能量代谢障碍,维持线粒体储备能力,缓解H/R诱导的心肌细胞损伤。     

RANKL通过激活Akt及ERK介导胃癌细胞迁移

目的探讨核因子受体活化因子(RANK)及其配体RANKL能否诱导胃癌细胞迁移及其作用机制.方法 采用流式细胞学技术检测BGC823胃癌细胞中RANK的表达;采用Transwell检测细胞迁移能力;采用Western blot检测细胞信号的变化情况.结果 流式细胞检测结果显示:BGC823胃癌细胞中有RANK表达.Transwell及Western blot检测结果显示RANKL能够通过活化Akt和ERK诱导BGC823细胞迁移.RANKL诱导的胃癌细胞迁移可被骨保护素、PI3K抑制剂LY294002以及MEK抑制剂PD98059逆转.结论 RANKL可通过激活PI3K及MEK通路诱导胃癌细胞迁移.     

PI3K/AKT和MAPK/ERK1/2信号通路对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞VEGF表达的影响

目的:探讨PI3K/AKT和MAPK/ERK1/2信号通路对人胰腺癌PANC-1血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法:抑制剂LY294002和PD98095分别处理人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞,Western blotting检测细胞VEGF蛋白表达。结果:分析表明LY294002和PD98095处理后的PANC-1细胞的磷酸化AKT、磷酸化ERK1/2及VEGF蛋白表达水平均明显低于对照组VEGF(P<0.05)。结论:抑制PI3K/AKT和MAPK/ERK1/2细胞信号通路能够下调VEGF蛋白表达,进而抑制肿瘤新生血管的生成及浸润转移能力。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.