运动联合阿仑膦酸钠片对去卵巢大鼠RANKL/OPG平衡及MAPK信号通路的影响

目的观察运动联合阿仑膦酸钠片(Aln)对去卵巢(OVX)大鼠核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)/骨保护素(OPG)表达及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路的影响。方法 90只6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham组)、OVX组、Aln治疗组(OVX+Aln组)、运动治疗组(OVX+EX组)、Aln与运动联合治疗组(OVX+Aln+EX组),每组18只,后4组大鼠切除双侧卵巢。大鼠切除卵巢8周后,各治疗组大鼠分别进行1mg/(kg·d)Aln灌胃和(或)跑台运动干预。干预12周后采用双能X线骨密度仪检测大鼠左、右股骨骨密度(BMD),ELISA法检测大鼠血清RANKL、OPG含量,real-timePCR检测大鼠骨组织RANKL、OPGmRNA表达,蛋白质印迹分析法检测骨组织c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)、p38MAPK(p38)、细胞外调节激酶(ERK)的磷酸化水平及c-Fos表达。结果干预治疗12周后:(1)与sham组相比,OVX组大鼠左、右股骨BMD降低(P<0.05),血清RANKL含量增加、OPG含量降低、RANKL/OPG比值增大(P均<0.05),骨组织RANKLmRNA表达增加、OPGmRNA表达减少(P均<0.05)。(2)与OVX组相比,OVX+Aln组、OVX+EX组及OVX+Aln+EX组大鼠左、右股骨BMD均增加(P均<0.05),血清RANKL含量降低、OPG含量增加、RANKL/OPG比值减小(P均<0.05),骨组织RANKLmRNA表达减少、OPGmRNA表达增加(P均<0.05)。(3)与OVX+Aln组和OVX+EX组相比,OVX+Aln+EX组大鼠左、右股骨BMD,血清RANKL、OPG含量,骨组织RANKL、OPGmRNA表达差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。(4)与sham组相比,OVX组大鼠骨组织p-JNK、c-Fos表达增加(P均<0.05);OVX+Aln组、OVX+EX组及OVX+Aln+EX组与OVX组相比,大鼠骨组织p-JNK、c-Fos表达降低(P均<0.05),但3组间表达差异无统计学意义;p-p38、p-ERK在各组间的表达差异无统计学意义。结论运动联合Aln治疗能够提高OVX大鼠左、右股骨骨密度,其作用可能与调节RANKL/OPG平衡、抑制JNK磷酸化及c-Fos表达有关。     

淫羊藿苷对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨细胞凋亡及骨组织OPG、RANKL mRNA表达影响

目的:探讨淫羊藿苷对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨细胞凋亡及骨组织骨保护素(OPG)、核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)mRNA表达的影响。方法:选取健康雌性SD大鼠70只,采用去卵巢法建立骨质疏松模型,造模成功的51只大鼠随机分为模型组、尼尔雌醇组、淫羊藿苷组,各17只;对照组15只接受假手术,各组给予相应的药物治疗。对大鼠股骨骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)、血清生化指标水平、骨细胞及成骨细胞凋亡指数(AI)、骨组织OPG mRNA、RANKL mRNA、核因子κβ受体活化因子(RANK)mRNA表达水平进行检测。结果:治疗后,与模型组比较,各组大鼠股骨BMD、BMC水平较高,且淫羊藿苷组尼尔雌醇组(P0.05);各组大鼠血清骨钙素(BGP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、钙(Ca)水平较高,且淫羊藿苷组尼尔雌醇组(P0.05);各组大鼠骨细胞AI、成骨细胞AI较低,且淫羊藿苷组尼尔雌醇组(P0.05);各组大鼠骨组织OPG mRNA表达水平较高,且淫羊藿苷组尼尔雌醇组(P0.05);各组骨组织RANKL mRNA、RANK mRNA表达水平较低,且淫羊藿苷组尼尔雌醇组(P0.05)。结论:淫羊藿苷能增加去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨密度和骨矿含量,改善血清BGP、ALP、Ca水平,抑制骨细胞及成骨细胞凋亡,可能与上调骨组织OPG mRNA表达,下调RANKL mRNA、RANK mRNA表达有关。     

雌马酚对去卵巢后大鼠骨质疏松症的影响

目的观察雌马酚对去卵巢后大鼠骨质疏松症的作用。方法雌性SD大鼠去卵巢以建立骨质疏松症模型。健康3月龄雌性SD大鼠分为5组:假手术组(sham)、去卵巢组(ovarietomized,OVX)、OVX+雌马酚高剂量组[equol,Eq,0.5 mg/(kg·d)]、OVX+雌马酚低剂量组[equol,Eq,0.25 mg/(kg·d)]、OVX+雌二醇阳性对照组(estradiol,E2)。去卵巢8周后,按以上分组继续给药8周后取右侧股骨检测骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),眼部取血检测血钙、血磷和骨钙素(bone gla protein,BGP)含量;ELISA检测血清雌激素(estrogen,ES)、成骨细胞护骨素(osteoprotegerin,OPG),破骨细胞分化因子(receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand,RANKL)水平;qRT-PCR法检测OPG和RANKL mRNA的表达。结果 OVX组与sham组比较,ES值、BMD和血钙水平显著下降(P<0.05),分别为sham组的78.1%、84.4%和83.2%。同时,OVX组大鼠血磷和BGP含量明显升高(P<0.05),表明去卵巢后骨质疏松症模型造模成功;OVX组大鼠与sham组比较,OPG蛋白和OPG mRNA表达量显著下降,RANKL蛋白和RANKL mRNA表达量明显升高(P<0.05),而Eq和E2组处理后能显著增加OPG蛋白和OPG mRNA表达,下调RANKL蛋白和RANKL mRNA表达,同时提高OVX大鼠的BMD和血钙水平,降低血磷和BGP含量(P<0.05)。结论雌马酚能有效改善去卵巢后大鼠骨质疏松症,可能与其能上调OPG而抑制RANKL分泌有关。     

非诺贝特对高甘油三酯血症并骨质疏松大鼠骨代谢的影响

目的 探讨非诺贝特对去卵巢骨质疏松并高甘油三酯(TG)血症大鼠股骨中细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体/护骨素(RANKL/OPG)mRNA表达的影响.方法 将40只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,用果糖饲养复制高TG模型,大鼠共分为去卵巢+果糖组、去卵巢+果糖+非诺贝特(FF)组、去卵巢+普食组、假手术+果糖组.12周后取股骨检测细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL) mRNA、护骨素(OPG)mRNA表达水平.结果 去卵巢+果糖组的TG水平高于去卵巢+普食组(P＜0.01),也高于去卵巢+果糖+FF组(P＜0.01);去卵巢+果糖组RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA水平,均高于去卵巢+果糖+FF组、去卵巢+普食组和假手术+果糖组(P＜0.01或＜0.05).结论 非诺贝特可通过降低TG而保持RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA的平衡.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠愈合的影响

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对骨质疏松性骨折大鼠愈合的影响。方法选取60只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组和MSCs组,每组20只,均采用切除卵巢去势法建立骨质疏松模型组,模型组和MSCs组大鼠全部制作胫骨骨折模型。分别于术后第1、14和21天给予MSCs组大鼠MSCs移植,假手术组和模型组大鼠给予同等体积的生理盐水注射。于细胞移植后2、4和6周,取骨痂,采用PCR法测定骨形成保护蛋白-2(BMP-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体激活物配体(RANKL)的mRNA表达水平;评估移植8周后骨折愈合情况、骨折侧胫骨骨密度及生物力学参数。结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠BMP-2、VEGF、OPG和RANKL的mRNA表达水平显著下降,OPG/RANKL比值降低(P0.05);与模型组比较,MSCs组大鼠BMP-2、VEGF、OPG和RANKL的mRNA表达水平显著升高,OPG/RANKL比值增高(P0.05)。与模型组比较,MSCs组大鼠骨折愈合明显增加(P0.05),骨密度显著提高(P0.05),生物力学参数(最大载荷、弹性载荷、刚度和最大挠度)显著改善(P0.05)。结论间充质干细胞能够增加骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨密度,促进骨组织再生,加快骨折愈伤组织的生长,对大鼠骨折的愈合具有促进作用,为临床治疗骨质疏松性骨折提供了指导作用。     

不同强度的运动对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的骨代谢机制的研究

目的:通过不同强度运动对去卵巢大鼠血清中OPG、RANKL和IGF-1表达的影响,探讨运动对去卵巢骨质疏松症的影响机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、骨质疏松模型组、30 min运动组和60 min运动组,运动组持续训练8周。处死大鼠,取血清进行测试。结果:与正常对照组比较,8周训练后,骨质疏松模型组和30 min运动组大鼠体重显著增加(P0.05),而60 min运动组大鼠体重增加不明显。此外,与正常对照组比较,骨质疏松模型组大鼠的OPG、IGF-1的表达明显降低,RANKL表达明显升高(P0.01)。60 min运动组的OPG和IGF-1的水平与骨质疏松模型组大鼠比较有显著升高(P0.01),30 min运动组大鼠的OPG也有升高(P0.05)。结论:运动对去卵巢大鼠破骨细胞分化传导通路OPG、RANKL的表达有一定调节作用,IGF-1可能参与了对OPG的调节,并对去卵巢所致大鼠骨质疏松症有一定的防治作用。     

长期应用糖皮质激素对大鼠骨组织中HMGB1、RAGE、OPG和RANKL表达的影响

目的:观察长期应用糖皮质激素(GC)对大鼠骨组织中高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、晚期糖化终产物受体(RAGE)、骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)表达的影响,探讨其导致激素性骨质疏松症的相关机制。方法:将48只健康成年SD大鼠随机分为低、中、高剂量GC组和对照组,每组12只。低、中、高剂量GC组大鼠分别给予肌肉注射醋酸泼尼松龙7.0、12.5、25.0 mg·kg^-1,对照组大鼠同时给予相同部位注射等量生理盐水。所有大鼠每周注射2 次,干预4周后取材。ELISA法检测大鼠血清中HMGB1、OPG和RANKL水平,HE染色检测大鼠骨组织病理形态学,免疫组织化学和Western blotting法检测大鼠骨组织中HMGB1、RAGE、OPG和RANKL蛋白的表达水平。结果:ELISA检测,各剂量GC组大鼠血清中HMGB1水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);OPG水平均较对照组降低,且随GC剂量增加OPG水平呈下降趋势,其中高剂量GC组与对照组和低、中剂量GC组OPG水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各剂量GC组大鼠血清中RANKL水平均较对照组升高,且随GC剂量增加呈上升趋势,其中高剂量GC组与对照组和低、中剂量GC组RANKL水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HE染色, 低剂量GC组大鼠股骨组织接近正常骨组织,中剂量GC组大鼠股骨组织镜下见软骨下区出现骨小梁变细,骨小梁间隙内出现肉芽纤维组织,可见坏死骨细胞及空骨陷窝;高剂量GC组大鼠股骨组织骨小梁紊乱并存在骨折,脂肪细胞空泡变性,骨髓腔水肿,造血细胞稀少,骨小梁周边成骨细胞数量减少,多核破骨细胞增多。免疫组织化学和Western blotting法检测,各剂量GC组大鼠骨组织中HMGB1蛋白表达水平均较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),各剂量GC组大鼠HMGB1蛋白表达水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组大鼠骨组织中RAGE蛋白表达水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各剂量GC组大鼠骨组织中OPG蛋白表达水平均较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),各剂量GC组大鼠OPG蛋白表达水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中和高剂量GC组大鼠骨组织中RANKL蛋白表达水平均较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),中剂量GC组大鼠骨组织中RANKL表达低于高剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:大鼠使用过量GC后,骨组织中HMGB1水平升高,OPG/RANKL比例降低,这可能是激素性骨质疏松症的发病机制之一。     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨组织骨保护素及其配体mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察大豆异黄酮(soybean isoflavones,SI)对去卵巢大鼠骨组织中骨保护素(osteoprote-gerin,OPG)和骨保护素配体(osteoprotegerin ligand,OPGL)mRNA表达的影响,探讨SI防治绝经后骨质疏松(postmenopausal osteoporosis,PMO)的作用机制。方法:健康雌性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组、模型组和SI治疗组。假手术组仅牵动卵巢,其余两组均行双侧卵巢切除术。SI治疗组造模后予以SI50 mg.kg-1.d-1灌胃,假手术组和模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃,1次/d,每周用药6 d,共12周。12周后取大鼠L3~L6脊椎行骨密度检测。取大鼠左侧股骨提取总RNA,采用实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-timequantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTQ-PCR)技术检测OPG和OPGL mRNA的表达水平。结果:SI可以增加去卵巢大鼠的腰椎骨密度,上调去卵巢大鼠骨组织中OPG mRNA的表达水平,使OPGL mRNA/OPG mRNA比值下降,但对OPGL mRNA的表达则无明显影响。结论:SI防治PMO的效应可能与其调控OPG mRNA的表达及OPGL mRNA/OPG mRNA比值相关。     

慢性间歇低氧对小鼠骨密度和骨代谢的影响

目的：探讨慢性间歇低氧（CIH）对骨密度（BMD）和骨代谢的影响。方法将16只12周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠按随机数字表法分为慢性间歇低氧组（CIH组）和正常对照组（CON组）,每组8只。CON组小鼠在正常环境下饲养,CIH组小鼠在间歇低氧环境下饲养,低氧暴露时间为每日9：00-17：00,6d/周,共8周。于8周末取血,用ELISA法测定血清抗酒石酸酸性磷酸5b （TRACP-5b）、骨钙素（OC）、白介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平;取右侧股骨检测其BMD;取左侧股骨观察骨组织形态学改变,并分别采用免疫组化和real- time qPCR法检测骨保护蛋白（OPG）和核因子-κβ受体活化因子配体（RANKL）和其mRNA表达。结果与CON组相比,CIH组小鼠BMD、血清OC水平及OPG/RANKL mRNA比值均明显下降（P＜0.05或0.01）,而血清TRACP-5b、IL-6和TNF-α水平、骨组织内RANKL和mRNA表达均明显升高（P＜0.05或0.01）;但骨组织内OPG和mR-NA表达差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;小鼠股骨干骺端骨小梁分布稀疏,变细及断裂。血清IL-6水平与BMD呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与骨组织RANKL mRNA呈正相关（P＜0.01）;血清TNF-α水平与BMD呈负相关（P＜0.01）,与骨组织RANKL mRNA呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论 CIH能导致骨吸收增加、骨形成下降和BMD下降,与低氧以及CIH引起的IL-6、TNF-α水平升高导致RANKL升高有关。     

不同浓度降钙素基因相关肽对大鼠成骨细胞OPG mRNA表达的影响

目的 观察不同浓度降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)对大鼠成骨细胞OPG mRNA的表达影响.方法 采用新生大鼠颅盖骨组织块培养成骨细胞,加入不同浓度CGRP干预体外培养成骨细胞,观察成骨细胞增殖和ALP活性,检测OPG mRNA及RANKL mRNA的表达水平.结果 CGRP在浓度为1×10-8mol/L时对成骨细胞增殖的促进作用最强,在1×10-9mol/L时对成骨细胞ALP活性的促进作用最强;CGRP不仅能明显增强OPG mRNA的表达水平(P＜0.05),还能明显抑制RANKL mRNA的表达水平(P＜0.05),以10-8和l0-7浓度时表达最为明显,均呈剂量依赖性;且CGRP可明显上调OPG/RANKL的比值(P＜0.05).结论 CGRP对成骨细胞增殖和活性均有促进作用,可能通过上调成骨细胞OPG/RANKL,最终发挥抑制骨吸收的作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.