经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压的治疗

目的探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom，OSAHS）合并高血压（hypertension，HT）的效果。方法45例经多导睡眠图（PSG）确诊为OSAHS合并高血压的门诊或住院患者。采用nCPAP（nasal continuous positive airway pressure）治疗6个月后，进行多导睡眠图（PSG）及24h动态血压测定，并将上述各项指标进行统计学处理。结果所有患者经过nCPAP治疗6个月后，上述各项指标均有显著改善，平均血压明显好转，与治疗前比较二者差异有统计学意义，部分患者停用降压药。结论反复低氧血症、呼吸暂停可能是OSAHS伴发高血压的发病原因，nCPAP治疗有助于此类患者血压的恢复。     

持续正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者睡眠质量改善作用

目的：观察经鼻持续气道内正压通气（nCPAP)治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）的效果。方法：选择20例OSAS病人在睡眠多导生理记录仪监测下,进行nCPAP治疗,观察治疗前后呼吸参数和睡眠结构的变化。结果：全部病人的呼吸参数和睡眠结构紊乱均得到明显改善。nCPAP压力值与呼吸暂停指数（AI）、总共呼吸暂停时间呈正相关,与最低SaO2呈负相关,结论：nCPAP能够有效地改善OSAS病人的睡眠结构和呼吸紊乱。     

持续气道正压通气治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者胰岛素抵抗（IR）的影响。方法研究20例中重度OSAHS患者CPAP治疗前后多导睡眠图（PSG）监测主要指标与空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（Fins）关系，并设正常对照组20例。结果@OSAHS患者呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、Fins显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）、最低脉氧饱和度（LSPO2）显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）；（2）CPAP治疗6个月后，AHI、Fins较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．01），ISI、LSPO2较治疗前显著提高（P〈0．01）。结论OSAHS低氧可产生IR；nCPAP治疗能显著改善OSAHS患者IR。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征与高血压病相关性研究

目的：探讨研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征（OSAHS）和高血压病之间的关系及对血压昼夜变化节律的影响。方法：选取本科经多导睡眠呼吸监测（PSG）确诊为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征（OSAHS）的患者160例,测量其血压,并对其危险度进行分级,分析患者呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）与高血压程度及危险度的关系。结果：以AHI分为三组,各组间高血压患病率比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。AHI严重程度与血压的程度及危险度呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论：OSAHS作为高血压发病的危险因素,阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征（OSAHS）的高血压发生率明显高于健康人群;与单纯高血压患者相比,OSAHS患者血压昼夜变化节律存在明显差异。     

nCPAP治疗对OSAHS患者血清瘦素水平的影响

目的评价经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者血清瘦素水平及胰岛素抵抗的影响,探讨OSAHS患者血清瘦素水平和胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法对16例中重度OSAHS患者进行nCPAP治疗,治疗前后进行睡眠监测（PSG）,记录睡眠呼吸监测的相关指标,检测空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹血清瘦素及空腹胰岛素水平,采用稳态模型评估法（HOMA）评价并计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,对比nCPAP治疗前后各指标的差异,并对治疗后空腹血清瘦素水平的变化及胰岛素抵抗的变化与睡眠各参数的变化进行相关分析.结果 nCPAP治疗前后空腹血清瘦素水平有差异（P〈0.01）,而HOMA-IR、FBG、胰岛素、BMI差异不明显（P〉0.05）,瘦素水平的变化与最低血氧饱和度的变化及AHI的变化呈正相关.结论 nCPAP治疗可降低OSAHS患者的血清瘦素水平,改善睡眠呼吸紊乱,但胰岛素抵抗及空腹血糖无明显变化,治疗后瘦素水平的变化与最低氧饱和度及AHI的改善有关,提示在OSAHS患者中改善睡眠呼吸紊乱的重要性.     

重度OSAHS并高血压患者行悬雍垂腭咽成形术前后血压变化分析

目的：观察重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）并高血压患者行悬雍垂腭咽成形术（UPPP）治疗前后血压变化。方法选择重度OSAHS同时合并高血压的患者32例,均有口服降压药3年以上而血压仍控制不佳病史。治疗采用改良UPPP手术,分别于手术前及手术后6个月时行多导睡眠图（PSG）监测和24 h动态血压监测,进行数据对比。结果①改良 UPPP手术6个月后睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、呼吸暂停指数（AI）、微觉醒指数（MAI）中位数均明显降低（P＜0．05）;平均血氧饱和度（SaO2）和最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）则明显升高（P＜0．05）;②UPPP术后6个月24 h动态血压监测发现,24 h平均收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）,日间、夜间的平均SBP、DBP均明显降低,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论行UPPP对于重度OSAHS合并高血压患者的血压控制,效果显著。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与高血压的关系探讨

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）与高血压的关系。方法将62例经多导睡眠图监测仪监测证实为OSAHS的患者分为伴高血压（34例）和无高血压（28例）2组,比较2组患者的呼吸暂停低通气指数、最低血氧饱和度、呼吸暂停最长时间、觉醒指数,同时测量2组患者睡前、醒时血压。结果 OSAHS伴高血压组与无高血压组比较,呼吸暂停低通气指数〔（65.2±20.1）vs（36.7±18.4）次/h〕、呼吸暂停最长时间〔（58.4±10.7）vs（46.3±12.5）s〕、觉醒指数〔（41.2±13.6）vs（20.4±11.7）次/h〕差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。伴高血压组最低血氧饱和度低于无高血压组〔（67±11）%vs（75±10）%〕（P〈0.05）。OSAHS伴高血压组的睡前和醒时血压均明显高于无高血压组（P均〈0.05）,且OSAHS伴高血压组醒时血压明显高于睡前血压（P〈0.05）;而OSAHS无高血压组的醒时血压与睡前血压相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 OSAHS与高血压关系密切,OSAHS可能是引起或加重高血压的病因之一     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与高血压关系的探讨

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与高血压发生的关系以及自动调压持续气道正压通气呼吸机(Auto-CPAP)的治疗效果。方法:检测无合并高血压的单纯OSAHS患者71例及合并高血压的OSAHS患者62例的血压变化及呼吸睡眠指标,并抽取30例OSAHS合并高血压患者予Auto-CPAP治疗并监测其血压变化及呼吸睡眠指标。结果:OSAHS合并高血压患者的AHI、SaO2<90%的时间、觉醒指数、呼吸暂停最长时间均明显高于单纯OSAHS组,而最低SaO2、总睡眠时间则明显低于单纯OSAHS组。OSAHS合并高血压组的睡前血压和醒时血压均明显高于单纯OSAHS组。OSAHS合并高血压患者经Auto-CPAP治疗1个月后及3个月后其醒时血压、AHI、ESS、觉醒指数均较治疗前及治疗1周后明显下降。OSAHS患者的平均动脉压与AHI、BMI、ESS、觉醒指数呈正相关,与最低SaO2呈负相关。结论:OSAHS合并高血压患者的病情严重程度高于无合并高血压的OSAHS患者。Auto-CPAP治疗OSAHS合并高血压患者有效且依从性好。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征血压变化的相关性研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的血压变化及其相关因素。方法对206例睡眠打鼾患者行多导睡眠图（PSG）监测,其中OSAHS168例,单纯打鼾患者38例,同时对30例无睡眠打鼾者作为正常对照组行PSG检测,分别观测各组睡前、晨起血压变化,同时对OSAHS组晨起舒张压与呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、夜间最低血氧饱和度（sa02）、夜间平均SaO：、SaO：低于90％时间（T90）相关性进行分析。结果正常对照组及单纯鼾症组相比睡前、晨起血压变化不明显;OSAHS各组睡前、晨起收缩压变化不明显,而舒张压晨起较睡前明显升高,晨起舒张压变化与呼吸暂停指数、低通气指数、AHI、190成正相关,与夜间最低SaO2成负相关。结论OSAHS患者血压变化主要以舒张压升高为主,睡眠呼吸紊乱对于OSAHS血压升高有着重要的意义,OSAHS可能为高血压发病的独立危险因素之一。     

双频射频机治疗多平面阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征临床研究

目的：探讨微创治疗多平面阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的新方法。方法：采用双频射频机微创治疗多平面阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征48例。结果：显效41例（85．6％）,有效4例（8．3％）,无效3例（6．2％）。术后6个月复查,睡眠呼吸暂停低通气（通气不足）指数（AHI）及动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）较术前有明显改善（P〈0．01）。结论：双频射频治疗机对多平面阻塞的OSAHS的治疗具有疗效高、微创、安全等优越性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.