全脊椎切除术与次全脊椎切除术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：对比分析全脊椎切除术和次全脊椎切除术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2004年5月~2017年2月在我院接受手术治疗的43例脊柱转移瘤患者的资料,根据手术方式分为两组：全脊椎切除组14例,次全脊椎切除组29例。两组患者性别、年龄、原发肿瘤性质、病灶类型等一般资料差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。分别采用KPS（Karnofsky performance scale）评分、视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、Frankel分级对患者术前、术后1个月的功能状态、疼痛程度以及神经功能进行评估。术后随访观察患者生存情况,绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,使用Log-rank检验进行比较。结果：全脊椎切除组与次全脊椎切除组患者术前VAS评分分别为5.29±1.54分、5.00±1.58分,KPS评分分别为70.71±8.29分、69.31±11.00分,术后1个月VAS评分分别为1.00±1.52分、0.97±1.88分,KPS评分分别为85.00±7.60分、85.17±17.45分,均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,而两组组内无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组患者术后Frankel分级较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）,两组组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后6例出现局部复发,其中全脊椎切除组1例,次全脊椎切除组5例,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.416,P=0.011）。生存分析结果显示全脊椎切除组患者术后中位生存时间为10.0个月（95%CI：0.29~19.71）;次全脊椎切除组患者术后中位生存时间为11.0个月（95%CI：4.60~17.40）,全脊椎切除与次全脊椎切除的两组患者术后半年累积生存率分别为63.6%、63.2%,术后1年生存率分别为45.2%、42.1%,两组间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：全脊椎切除与次全脊椎切除手术均能明显改善脊柱转移瘤患者功能状态、疼痛程度以及神经功能,全脊椎切除有助于减少脊柱转移瘤术后局部复发。     

脊柱转移性肿瘤的手术疗效及生存危险因素分析

目的 探究脊柱转移肿瘤手术对改善疼痛及神经功能的临床疗效,并对可能影响脊柱转移瘤病人生存的危险因素进行分析。方法 选取我院2010年6月至2018年12月期间接受脊柱外科手术（后路脊柱肿瘤刮除椎弓根螺钉减压内固定术、椎体成形术、射频消融术）的45例脊柱转移性肿瘤病人进行回顾性分析。术前应用Tomita评分、改良Tokuhashi评分对病人进行术前评估。术后应用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）及Frankel分级对病人疼痛的改善及神经功能恢复情况进行评估。对转移性脊柱肿瘤病人的生存时间进行单因素分析,纳入的变量包括性别、BMI、手术年龄是否大于60岁、原发肿瘤的恶性程度、原发肿瘤手术治疗、肿瘤的位置、转移瘤的数目、是否存在病理性骨折、术前Frankel分级、术中出血量、术前ECOG评分。根据单因素分析的结果进一步进行Cox生存分析。结果 45例均接受了脊柱转移瘤手术并获得随访,随访时间为2~80个月,中位随访时间为9个月。与术前相比,术后的生活质量有明显的改善,疼痛VAS评分明显下降（P＜0.001）,神经功能Frankel等级明显改善（P＜0.001）。转移性脊柱肿瘤病人术后1、2年生存率分别为（54±8）%、（46±10）%,而是否存在病理性骨折（HR=2.5,P=0.043）是影响此研究预后的独立危险因素。结论 外科手术治疗可以明显改善病人的疼痛水平、生活质量与神经功能状态,而术前是否存在病理性骨折是影响转移性脊柱肿瘤病人生存预后的主要因素。     

胸椎转移性肿瘤的手术方式选择及疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨胸椎转移性肿瘤的不同手术方式及治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析2005年7月～2009年12月接受手术治疗的40例胸椎转移瘤患者,男27例,女13例,平均年龄58.8岁（23～79岁）。原发肿瘤包括肺癌11例,乳腺癌8例,肾癌6例,甲状腺癌4例,食道癌3例,肝癌3例,膀胱癌、脂肪肉瘤、贲门癌、软骨肉瘤、前列腺癌各1例。Frankel分级：A级7例,B级3例,C级10例,D级15例,E级5例。行前路椎体切除内固定术26例（病灶位于WBB分区4~9区,Tomita术前评分4～6分,平均5.5分）;后路肿瘤切除内固定术5例（病变位于WBB分区1~3区或10~12区,Tomita术前评分6～8分,平均7.0分）;前后路联合切除内固定术4例（病变位于椎体前后方,累及1~2个椎体,Tomita术前评分3～5分,平均4.0分）;后路肿瘤切除结合椎体成形术5例（跳跃多节段椎体病变,局限在WBB分区4~9区,Tomita术前评分6～8分,平均为7.6分）。随访观察治疗结果。结果：40例患者均获得随访,术后的平均随访时间为12.4个月（6～36个月）,29例患者死亡,其术后平均生存时间为10.7个月（6～20个月）。末次随访时患者疼痛症状均明显改善,VAS评分由术前的6.81±1.51分降至3.65±0.94分（P<0.05）;神经功能Frankel分级8例无变化（A级1例,C级1例,D级2例,E级4例）,2例加重（1例C级至B级,1例E级至D级）,其余30例均提高1～3级。结论：手术治疗能够明显改善胸椎转移性肿瘤患者的生活质量,应根据患者的全身情况及肿瘤分期选择适宜的手术方式。     

脊柱转移瘤患者术后生存期影响因素的多元分析

目的 探讨脊柱转移瘤患者术后生存期的影响因素,为临床手术决策提供参考。方法 回顾分析2000年1月~2013年1月在本院接受手术治疗且有完整随访资料的98例脊柱转移瘤患者的临床资料,应用Cox比例风险模型分析脊柱转移瘤患者术后生存期的影响因素。结果 本组患者术后中位生存期为6.0个月[95%可信区间(credibility interval,CI):4.9~7.1个月]。甲状腺癌术后生存期最长,为43.0个月(95% CI:0~92.2个月);结直肠癌最短,为5.0个月(95% CI:1.6~8.4个月)。Cox比例风险模型分析显示,术前Tomita评分≤5分[比值比(odd ratio,OR)=1.439; 95% CI:1.003~2.065; P<0.05]、术后运动功能良好(Frankel分级D、E级; OR=5.397; 95% CI:3.560~8.181; P<0.01)是患者术后生存期独立预测因素;根据术前Tomita评分和术后运动功能状态绘制生存曲线,结果显示术前Tomita评分≤5分或术后运动功能良好的患者生存期显著延长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 脊柱转移瘤患者制定手术方案时应综合考虑术前Tomita评分和Frankel分级,术前Tomita评分≤5分者或术后Frankel分级D、E级者手术治疗能够获得较好预后;而且术后运动功能较术前身体状态预测效果更好。     

后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定手术治疗跳跃性脊柱结核的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：总结跳跃性脊柱结核的临床特点,探讨一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定手术治疗跳跃性脊柱结核的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2016年7月~2022年5月我院手术治疗的31例跳跃性脊柱结核患者的临床资料,其中患者男18例,女13例,年龄49.5±27.5岁。其中2处病灶24例,3处病灶7例。对每例患者明确责任椎,确定手术病灶、融合节段、内固定方式,以制定个体化手术方案,随访29.7±14.7个月（15～85个月）。记录患者手术时间、术中出血量,并记录术中及术后并发症情况;术前和术后1个月、3个月、1年及末次随访的红细胞沉降（ESR）和C-反应蛋白（CRP）;术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月、1年及末次随访的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）;术前及术后1周、末次随访时病灶后凸Cobb角;记录术前及末次随访时美国脊髓损伤协会（ASIA）分级;末次随访时采用Bridwell骨愈合标准分级以评估术后结核活动性、症状改善、畸形矫正及骨愈合。结果：31例患者中20例（65.4%）只有1处病灶出现临床症状,23例（74.2%）以疼痛为主诉入院,15例（48.4%）在病程中只有疼痛症状,而11例（35.5%）只有1处病灶出现疼痛症状,18例（58.1%）患者初诊时至少有1处病灶漏诊。所有患者手术顺利,手术时间280.0±52.2min（165～330min）,失血量567.7±332.0mL（150～1000mL）。术后出现脑脊液漏4例,切口感染3例,经对症处理后痊愈;所有结核病灶均治愈,未出现复发。术前及术后1个月、3个月、1年、末次随访时ESR为41.5±26.3mm/h、16.3±13.4mm/h、12.5±6.3mm/h、11.4±5.2mm/h、9.2±3.1mm/h;CRP为32.8±23.2mg/L、7.3±5.6mg/L、6.2±4.1mg/L、5.1±3.7mg/L、2.8±2.3mg/L;术前及术后1周、1个月、3个月、1年、末次随访时VAS评分为6.4±2.4分、2.4±1.7分、2.3±1.3分、1.6±0.9分、0.9±0.7分、0.4±0.3分。术后各个时间点CRP、ESR、VAS评分较术前均有显著改善（P＜0.05）。术前Cobb角25.7°±4.9°,术后1周15.4°±2.1°,末次随访时17.1°±2.3°,术后均较术前有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;10例存在术前神经功能损伤患者,末次随访时1例术前A级患者恢复至C级;4例术前B级患者1例恢复至C级,3例恢复至D级;5例术前C级患者2例恢复至D级,3例恢复至E级;术后6～12个月42处植骨病灶均获得骨融合,末次随访时34处病灶Bridwell Ⅰ级愈合,8处病灶Bridwell Ⅱ级融合。结论：对跳跃性脊柱结核患者,明确责任椎及各处病灶病变特点,一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定手术治疗安全且高效,能得到满意的疗效。     

一期侧前方入路病灶清除植骨融合内固定联合局部闭式冲洗引流治疗腰椎结核伴椎旁脓肿

【摘要】 目的：探讨一期侧前方入路病灶清除植骨融合内固定联合局部闭式冲洗引流治疗腰椎结核伴椎旁脓肿的有效性。方法：我院自2006年1月~2012年12月收治腰椎结核并椎旁巨大脓肿的患者18例,男8例,女10例;年龄21~65岁,平均44.6岁。病变累及节段：L1~L2 1例,L2~L3 9例,L3~L4 7例,L4~L5 1例。脓肿范围：L1~L3 1例,L2~L4 6例,L2~L5 3例,L3~L5 5例,L3~S1 3例。17例伴神经功能障碍,Frankel分级C级3例,D级14例。术前Barthel指数50~75分,平均65±10分;JOA评分12~23分,平均18±4分。血沉（ESR）57±16.2mm/h;C反应蛋白（CRP）22.4±5.6mg/L。椎管狭窄率（35.0±13.1）%,脊柱后凸Cobb角为25.3°±7.1°。均在全身抗结核药物治疗下行一期侧前方入路病灶清植骨融合内固定,术后应用异烟肼生理盐水持续局部闭式冲洗引流,并继续全身抗结核治疗12~24个月（平均18个月）。比较术前、术后神经功能Frankel分级、Barthel指数（BI）、腰椎JOA评分以及术前、术后、随访时Cobb角、椎管狭窄率、ESR和CRP水平。结果：手术时间2.5~5.0h（平均3.0h）,术中出血270~750ml（平均450ml）,均未发生严重术中或术后并发症;术后异烟肼生理盐水持续局部闭式冲洗引流时间10~16d（平均14d）。随访时间12~30个月,平均20个月。1例C级患者恢复至D级,2例恢复至E级;13例D级患者恢复至E级,1例无变化;1例E级患者术后无神经损害。术后BI为75~90分,平均85±5分,15例达到显效（83.3%）;JOA评分17~29分,平均23±5分,17例达到显效（94.4%）。椎管狭窄率纠正至（1.4±3.5）%,脊柱后凸Cobb角为8.7°±2.6°,平均纠正16.6°。ESR及CRP在术后3个月内均恢复至正常,X线显示获得骨性融合时间为4~12个月（平均6个月）;术后1年随访期内脊柱后凸畸形矫正有1°~4°丢失;所有病例至末次随访时均未见复发。结论：在全身规范抗结核药物治疗的前提下,一期侧前方入路病灶清除、植骨融合内固定联合局部闭式冲洗引流术治疗腰椎结核伴椎旁脓肿安全有效,临床效果确切,是治疗腰椎结核伴椎旁脓肿的有效方法。     

后路全脊椎截骨矫形联合钛网支撑治疗脊柱结核角状后凸畸形的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨后路全脊椎截骨矫形联合钛网支撑治疗脊柱结核角状后凸畸形的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年1月于我科采用后路全脊椎截骨矫形联合钛网支撑治疗的19例胸腰椎脊柱结核角状后凸畸形病人的临床资料,观察术前、术后及末次随访时病人的脊柱后凸Cobb角、矢状面平衡、Frankel分级、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue score, VAS）评分及并发症。结果 所有病人手术均顺利完成,术后随访24~36个月,平均32个月。术后Cobb角矫正至11.4°±4.4°（5°~20°）;末次随访时为11.8°±4.7°（6°~20°）,均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但二者间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后VAS评分为（2.3±1.1）分（1~4分）,末次随访时VAS评分为（2.5±1.3）分（1~5分）,均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,但二者间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。术后及末次随访的侧位片上C₇铅垂线距S1后上缘的距离均为（9.0±4.2） mm,与术前相比有明显改善（P＜0.05）。术前Frankel B级2例,1例恢复到C级、1例恢复到D级;术前Frankel C级5例,4例恢复到E级、1例恢复到D级;术前Frankel D级12例,9例恢复到E级、3例仍为D级。后凸畸形及局部后背疼痛已明显好转,无其他并发症及病情恶化情况。所有病人在随访期间未见内固定及钛网松动和脱出现象。结论 后路全脊柱截骨术联合钛网支撑治疗脊柱结核角状后凸畸形具有良好的临床效果,但因畸形严重、手术难度高仍伴有神经并发症的风险。     

老年脊柱转移瘤行姑息减压术的疗效与生存率的探讨

目的分析姑息减压手术应用于老年脊柱转移瘤中的临床疗效和生存率。方法根据患者预生存期以及一般身体情况选择行姑息减压手术的为观察组,行肿瘤切除手术为对照组,比较患者术后的临床疗效、视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分、Frankel分级、ECOG评分,采用Kaplan-Meier法对患者的生存率进行评估。结果观察组术前存在脊髓功能障碍的患者术后81.5%Frankel分级有改善,对照组为80.0%,两组发生神经功能恶化的例数分别为18例与10例,中位时间为6个月与13个月。结论姑息减压术手术时间短、术中出血量少、并发症较少、手术风险少,对于一般情况较差,预估生存期小于半年的老年脊柱转移瘤患者是一种有价值的治疗方法。     

在胸腰椎转移瘤分离手术中应用短节段骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定的临床研究

【摘要】 目的：探讨在胸腰椎转移瘤分离手术中应用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2018年2月~2019年10月于我院行分离手术治疗的伴有硬脊膜外脊髓压迫症（epidural spinal cord compression,ESCC）的胸腰椎转移性肿瘤患者59例,其中男25例,女34例,年龄56.2±7.5岁（45～76岁）。所有患者均采用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定,共置入236枚螺钉。统计手术时间、术中失血量、输血量、术后住院天数,患者术前、术后3个月的Frankel脊髓损伤分级,患者术前、术后7d、3个月及末次随访的疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）及Karnofsky功能评分,围手术期相关并发症情况。收集患者术前、术后7d及末次随访时手术节段正侧位X线片,随访观察有无内固定失败及手术节段矢状位Cobb角的变化。结果：患者随访时间为18.3±3.9个月（5～34个月）;患者手术时间为169.0±23.7min（125～210min）,术中出血量为535±120.0ml（200～1300ml）,术中输少浆血1.2±0.6u（0～6u）、血浆105±32ml（0～400ml）;术后住院时间6.5±2.3d（5～11d）。术中发生骨水泥渗漏2例,均为椎前静脉少量渗漏,暂停注射后渗漏未进展,术后无不良反应;脑脊液漏1例,患者俯卧位以及补液等对症处理后痊愈;伤口愈合不良2例,予以清创缝合后伤口愈合。术后VAS评分、Frankel分级、Karnofsky功能评分与术前相比均有显著性改善（P＜0.05）。无内固定失败,末次随访时手术节段Cobb角较手术后即刻无显著性差异（22.5°±2.1° vs 21.2°±1.8°,P>0.05）。结论：对伴有ESCC的脊柱转移瘤患者行分离手术时,应用骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉可以提供更加坚强的脊柱稳定性。     

肺癌脊柱转移瘤的手术疗效分析

目的探讨肺癌脊柱转移瘤的手术治疗效果。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年5月在浙江大学附属第二医院骨肿瘤中心及浙江省嘉兴市第二医院骨科住院治疗且病理诊断明确的肺癌脊柱转移瘤患者72例。其中男性48例（66.7%）,女性24例（33.3%）,平均年龄（61±4）岁,39例（54.2%）术前生存期评分为6分,27例（37.5%）7分,6例（8.3%）8分。随访并比较患者手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及Frankel分级变化情况,评价手术疗效。 结果65例患者获得满意随访（90.2%）。随访时间6~12个月,平均（8.5±1.6）个月,VAS评分由术前（5.9±1.1）分降至术后（2.7±1.2）分,差异有统计学意义（t=21.24,P<0.05）。术后Frankel分级明显改善,差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.978,P<0.05）,42例术前有神经功能障碍者5例未恢复,37例部分恢复,差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.978,P<0.05）。 结论手术治疗肺癌脊柱转移瘤可有效缓解患者疼痛程度,改善神经功能。     

Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery: a surgical skills assessment tool in gynecology

Objective:

To describe our experience with the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) program as a teaching and assessment tool for basic laparoscopic competency among gynecology residents.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted at a single academic institution. Before the FLS program was introduced, baseline FLS testing was offered to residents and gynecology division directors. Test scores were analyzed by training level and self-reported surgical experience. After implementing a minimally invasive gynecologic surgical curriculum, third-year residents were retested.

Results:

The pass rates for baseline FLS skills testing were 0% for first-year residents, 50% for second-year residents, and 75% for third- and fourth-year residents. The pass rates for baseline cognitive testing were 60% for first- and second-year residents, 67% for third-year residents, and 40% for fourth-year residents. When comparing junior and senior residents, there was a significant difference in pass rates for the skills test (P=.007) but not the cognitive test (P=.068). Self-reported surgical experience strongly correlated with skills scores (r-value=0.97, P=.0048), but not cognitive scores (r-value=0.20, P=.6265). After implementing a curriculum, 100% of the third-year residents passed the skills test, and 92% passed the cognitive examination.

Conclusions:

The FLS skills test may be a valuable assessment tool for gynecology residents. The cognitive test may need further adaptation for applicability to gynecologists.     

Lessons learned at sea--ocean sailing as a metaphor for surgical training

Surgical education is in the process of tumultuous change. Mastering this change will require a new set of competencies and a new understanding of the medical education process. While accreditation agencies are rapidly working to define the new criteria and benchmarks, training programs are quickly pulling together curricula, objectives, and evaluation tools. Yet much has already been learned in other complex, high-risk activities. Blue water sailing, ocean racing, and trans-Atlantic crossing are all activities that require a renewed form of leadership and an understanding of how knowledge, skill, and behavior come together to define the competent sailor. Ideas learned in such endeavors may assist the surgical educator in defining the horizons and the hazards of this uncharted voyage.     

COVID-19 and surgery: A thematic analysis of unintended consequences on performance,practice and surgical training

PurposeThe shift in the national focus and allocation of resources to the management of COVID19 has led to significant changes to surgical practice including the delay of elective surgery. The aim of this study was to explore the implications of such changes on surgeons.MethodUsing a qualitative study design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with general surgery consultants and non-consultant hospital doctors from a major tertiary hospital in the Dublin region between March–May 2020. Data collection proceeded iteratively using a thematic analysis approach with quality controls such as memoing and collaborative analysis.ResultsFourteen surgeons (8 male, 6 female) were interviewed. The majority (n = 11, 78.6%) were NCHDs. Significant themes determined included ‘impacts’ on a variety of constructs such as performance, self-reported fatigue and wellbeing. Training themes elucidated included the effects of the cancellation of elective admissions on reduced operative exposure for trainees. Senior surgical staff were particularly focused on increased complexity in patient management. New policy requirements such as personal protective equipment use and novel rotas have had implications for aspects of work engagement. The pandemic and subsequent national restrictions imposed has afforded opportunities for improved well-being but also resulted in greater solitude in surgeons.ConclusionsRhetoric surrounding fatigue management and virus control dominates the conversation on the relationship between COVID-19 and surgery. Tipping the balance back to parity of fatigue management with service delivery in surgery will be key for sustainability of the surgical workforce.     

Midwest Surgical Association research in the next 50 years: Newton, Bacon, or Jefferson approach?

In addition to serving as your president this past year, I have the significant honor and challenge of addressing you at the 50th Anniversary of the Midwest Surgical Association. Milestones like this allow us the opportunity to reflect on past joys and ponder future opportunities. The three powers possessed by a guild/profession are: control over association; control over the workplace; and control over the market. We have experienced loss of power in each area, beginning with the passage of the Medicare-Medicaid Act in 1965. There are opportunities for a response, and efforts should be made to save our profession. To thrive in the future and regain our status in the debate over how health care will be delivered will require a more expansive view of research and the skills required. As I hope I have demonstrated, to regain our position as the true advocates for our patients we will need to develop the requisite skills and knowledge to convey our medical care successes. This must be done within a context that will be acceptable to our patients, our hospitals, our payers, and our government watch dogs. The buzz word for the foreseeable future will be quality.     

Determining risk factors for surgical wound dehiscence: a literature review

Postoperative wound healing plays a significant role in facilitating a patient's recovery and rehabilitation. Surgical wound dehiscence (SWD) impacts on mortality and morbidity rates and significantly contributes to prolonged hospital stays and associated psychosocial stressors on individuals and their families. A narrative review of SWD was undertaken on English‐only studies between 1945 and 2012 using three electronic databases Ovid CINHAL, Ovid Medline and Pubmed. The aim of this review was to identify predisposing factors for SWD and assessment tools to assist in the identification of at‐risk patients. Key findings from the included 15 papers out of a search of 1045 revealed the most common risk factors associated with SWD including obesity and wound infection, particularly in the case of abdominal surgery. There is limited reporting of variables associated with SWD across other surgical domains and a lack of risk assessment tools. Furthermore, there was a lack of clarity in the definition of SWD in the literature. This review provides an overview of the available research and provides a basis for more rigorous analysis of factors that contribute to SWD.     

腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复跟部小腿下段软组织缺损

自1999年,应用带腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复足跟小腿下段软组织缺损6例,取得良好效果,介绍如下.……     

The opportunity cost of arthroplasty training in orthopaedic surgery

IntroductionTraining the next generation of surgeons is a crucial role fulfilled by consultant orthopaedic surgeons. However we are increasingly constrained by limited time and resources. We sought to compare operative time and length of stay (LOS) for total hip and total knee arthroplasties (THA, TKA) performed by a consultant orthopaedic surgeon with those performed by supervised trainees.Materials and methodsA prospective database of arthroplasty procedures performed from 2015 to 2018 was collated. Primary surgeon grade was recorded. Patient demographics, ASA grade, LOS and operative time were recorded. For THA both cemented and uncemented arthroplasties were used. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis.Results394 arthroplasty procedures were carried out during the study period. Trainee surgeons performed a high proportion of both THA (53.2%, n = 123) and TKA (44.8%, n = 73) surgeries. Trainees performed 57% of cemented THA procedures. LOS did not differ between consultant and trainee surgeons for THA (5.9 ± 4.8 days) or TKA (5.6 ± 4.1 days). Age had a significant effect on LOS (p < 0.001). For THA the mean operative time for trainees was 90.3 ± 19.23 min, 18.2 min longer than the consultant group. For TKA the mean operative time was 89.06 ± 18.87 min for trainees, 24.4 min longer than the consultant group.DiscussionAt our institution trainee surgeons can be expected to take between 18 and 24 min longer to perform arthroplasty procedures. This should be factored into resource planning, as the training of orthopaedic surgeons is crucial to sustaining and improving health service provision.     

医用胶水在急诊外科颜面部伤口处理中的应用

【摘要】〓目的〓观察医用胶水在急诊外科颜面部伤口处理中的疗效。方法〓对2012~2013年急诊外科收治的50例颜面部外伤应用医用胶水进行粘合,与周期另外50例使用常规清创缝合的患者进行比较。结果〓与常规清创缝合的处理方法相比,应用医用胶水进行创面的粘合处理,减少了创口周围红斑、硬结及瘢痕增生;术后创面更加平整,美观;不增加感染机会减少,且免去拆线。使用医用胶水同时减少了清创时间,患者对该方法的满意度增加。结论〓在急诊外科颜面部伤口处理应用医用胶水进行粘合处理较传统的清创术效果更好,但应正确选择适应症。     

Determinants of surgical decision making: a national survey

Background

We conducted a national survey of general surgeons to address the association between surgeon characteristics and the tendency to recommend surgery.

Methods

We used a web-based survey with 25 hypothetical clinical scenarios with clinical equipoise regarding the decision to operate. The respondent-level tendency to operate (TTO) score was calculated as the average score over the 25 scenarios. Surgical volume was based on self-report. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between TTO, other covariates of interest, and surgical volume.

Results

There were 907 respondents. The mean surgical TTO was 3.05 ± .43. Surgeons had significantly lower TTO scores when responding to questions within their area of practice (P < .0001). There was no association between TTO and malpractice concerns, financial incentives, or compensation structure.

Conclusions

Surgeons recommend intervention far less frequently within their area of specialization. Malpractice concerns, volume, and financial compensation do not significantly affect surgical decision making.     

Transfer of microsurgical flaps without an anoxic period at the time of vascular anastomoses

Summary Technical advances in microsurgery have made frequent use of free flaps possible. One of the concerns of the microsurgeons has been the role of ischemia in flap failure. In five patients, the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and the radial forearm flap each having with two dominant pedicles were used employing microsurgical vascular anastomoses before section of the second pedicle. This procedure eliminates the ischemic period of the flap and consequent accumulation of free radicals and development of microthrombi, ensuring vascular perfusion during the entire operation.