盐酸青藤碱二元醇质体的制备及其体外性质研究

目的 制备盐酸青藤碱二元醇质体,筛选出较优处方,并对其体外性质进行考察. 方法 采用醇注入法制备以丙二醇和乙醇为柔软剂的盐酸青藤碱二元醇质体;以包封率为评价指标,通过正交实验优化处方;对其形态、Zeta电位、粒径及体外释药特征进行考察. 结果 较优处方制备的盐酸青藤碱二元醇质体外形圆整,平均包封率为(35.43 ±0.53)％,Zeta电位为(-5.87±0.06)mV,粒径为(391.6±25.6)nm,体外累积释药百分率Q与时间的关系符合一级速度方程:Q=0.085t+0.739,r =0.995 8. 结论 盐酸青藤碱二元醇质体制备简单,具有一定的缓释特性,值得进一步研究.     

复方鸦胆子油脂质体的制备工艺研究

目的:研究复方鸦胆子油脂质体的处方筛选及制备工艺。方法:采用气相色谱法测定脂质体包封率。以脂质体包封率为主要指标,对制备工艺中可能影响脂质体性质的工艺参数和处方因素进行单因素考察和正交设计,优化制备工艺。用不同冻干保护剂进行冷冻干燥,以筛选合适的保护剂。测定Zeta电位、粒径大小及分布。结果:采用乙醇注入法制备复方鸦胆子油脂质体;最佳制备工艺为磷脂浓度为1.5%,磷脂胆固醇质量比为5∶1,油水两相体积比为1∶10,甘露醇∶蔗糖∶磷脂质量比为1∶1∶1,水相介质为蒸馏水,温度为50℃,搅拌速度为30 rpm。最佳处方制备的平均包封率为91.9%,Zeta电位为-32.1 mV,平均粒径为170.3 nm。结论:该实验制备的复方鸦胆子油脂质体具有包分率高、稳定性好、表面带负电等特点,为进一步研究复方鸦胆子油脂质体奠定了基础。     

8-甲氧基补骨脂素柔性纳米脂质体不同研制方法的比较

目的:筛选制备8-甲氧基补骨脂素(MOP)柔性纳米脂质体的合适方法。方法:根据正交实验设计及预试验,确定基本配方大豆磷脂∶胆固醇∶MOP∶胆酸钠=20∶10∶3∶10。分别采用逆相蒸发法、乙醚注入法、薄膜法、薄膜-超声法等方法制备MOP柔性纳米脂质体,比较脂质体包封率、平均粒径和Zeta电位。结果:逆相蒸发法制备的脂质体包封率低,粒径大;乙醚注入法包封率低且平均粒径小;薄膜法包封率高,粒径大;薄膜-超声法包封率高,平均粒径适中,且Zeta电位负值较高;超声15min获得的脂质体包封率较高,平均粒径大小合适,Zeta电位的负值也比较高。结论:采用薄膜-超声法,超声时间15min是制备补骨脂素柔性纳米脂质体比较适宜的方法。     

壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的制备及其工艺优化

目的以壳聚糖(CS)为载体制备壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球(CS-SFGS-NPs),并考察其理化性质和体外释药性能。方法提取猪牙皂皂苷,利用紫外分光光度法测定皂苷含量。采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球,并以壳聚糖质量浓度、三聚磷酸钠(TPP)质量浓度、投料质量比为考察对象,以平均粒径、包封率为评价指标优化壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球处方;采用Malvern粒度仪测定壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的粒径分布和Zeta电位,透射电子显微镜考察其形态;以透析法考察壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的体外释药行为。结果壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的最优处方:壳聚糖质量浓度为2.0 mg/m L、三聚磷酸钠质量浓度为1.5 mg/m L、壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷投料比为4∶1;制备的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球的包封率为84.7%±3.6%、粒径为(182.6±35.4)nm、Zeta电位为(+23.1±4.6)mV;透射电镜结果显示所制备的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球为类球形颗粒,大小分布较为均匀;壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球在0.5h内的释放量低于40%。结论通过对处方的优化,制备得到的壳聚糖-猪牙皂皂苷纳米微球具有合适的粒径和包封率,并能达到缓释效果。     

盐酸万古霉素阳离子脂质体的制备及其性质研究

目的制备万古霉素阳离子脂质体（cationic liposomal vancomycin,CLVs）,确定其最佳处方制备工艺,并研究其性质。方法采用正交法确定逆相蒸发法制备CLVs的最佳处方;采用HPLC法测定药物含量;用微型葡聚糖凝胶柱分离脂质体混悬液中的CLVs与游离药物;在电镜下观察CLVs的形态,并采用激光散射法测定其粒径和Zeta电位。结果制备的CLVs为多囊脂质体;通过正交实验,确定逆相蒸发法制备CLVs的最佳处方为∶磷脂∶硬脂酰胺∶胆固醇的摩尔比为7∶3∶1,脂质∶药物的质量比为15∶1,有机相∶水相的体积比为3∶1;制备的脂质体平均粒径、Zeta电位、pH值以及包封率分别为（185.75±16.33）nm、（69.11±4.62）mV、（6.98±0.01）和（8.58±0.045）%,脂质体在4℃和-80℃条件下保存3个月,稳定性良好,药物泄漏率〈5.0%。结论采用逆相蒸发法制备万古霉素阳离子脂质体,方法简便,重现性好,包封率较高。     

环淫羊藿苷元脂质体的制备及其理化性质研究

目的筛选环淫羊藿苷元（CIT）脂质体的制备工艺,并对其理化性质进行研究。方法采用注入法制备CIT脂质体,L18（37）正交设计优化处方;采用激光粒度分析仪测定CIT脂质体的平均粒径和Zeta电位;葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱法测定脂质体的包封率,以反相透析法测定脂质体体外释放特性。结果优化的CIT脂质体处方为：大豆磷脂用量200 mg,胆固醇50 mg,CIT投药量10 mg,乳化剂泊洛沙姆188质量浓度0.1 g/L,有机相二氯甲烷体积10 mL,水相PBS体积20 mL;优化条件下制备的CIT脂质体包封率为（89.49±2.36）%,平均粒径为（148.1±13.6）nm,多分散系数为（0.292±0.062）,Zeta电位为-（55.2±4.3）mV,在含体积分数30%甲醇的PBS溶液中的72 h累计释放率为81.13%,在释放介质中的释药曲线符合Higuchi方程。结论注入法制备CIT脂质体,工艺可行,重现性好,包封率高,具有一定的缓释性能。     

葛根素纳米脂质体的制备及体外释放特性研究

目的优化筛选葛根素纳米脂质体（puerarin nano-liposomes carriers,Pue-NLC）的制备工艺,并考察其体外释放特性。方法采用高压均质法制备Pue-NLC,正交设计优化筛选处方,HPLC法测定含量,超高速离心法结合甲醇提取法测定包封率和载药量,透射电镜观察外观,激光粒度测定仪测定其平均粒径和Zeta电位,透析袋法考察体外释放特性。结果最优工艺处方为葛根素（Pue）50 mg,2.0%单硬脂酸甘油酯（GP）∶辛酸葵酸三甘油酯（LLW）为200∶160（W/W）,0.5%泊洛沙姆（F68）水溶液,制备的Pue-NLC外观呈圆形或椭圆形,平均粒径为（102.4±5.6）nm,多分散系数为0.214±0.027,Zeta电位为（-18.8±2.7）mV,包封率为（45.9±1.43）%,载药量为（0.81±0.05）%,在生理盐水中的体外释药行为符合Weibull方程：In[In（1/1-Q）]=1.143 3 Int-0.547 0,r=0.986 0,24 h释放率为88.15%。结论高压均质法成功制备了Pue-NLC,粒径小,载药量和包封率高,具有缓释特性,具有一定的开发前景,为葛根素新型给药系统的研究提供理论基础和实践指导。     

甲基莲心碱纳米脂质体的研制及其体外释药特性考察

目的制备甲基莲心碱（Nef）纳米脂质体,并对其体外释药进行考察,为进一步体内研究奠定基础。方法采用薄膜分散法制备Nef脂质体,并乳匀至纳米级（NefNL）。以包封率为指标,筛选NefNL的最佳处方,并对其形态、粒径及体外释药性质进行考察。结果筛选出的最优处方为：卵磷脂∶胆固醇质量比为5∶1,药物∶类脂质量比为1∶25,药物质量浓度为0.4 mg/mL,水化介质为pH6.5磷酸盐缓冲液。最优处方制备的纳米脂质体的包封率平均为（73.6±2.3）%;平均粒径为（82.5±6.8）nm;体外释药具有明显的缓释特征,符合H iguch i方程：Q=-0.1855＋0.2910t1/2,r=0.986 2。结论 NefNL外形圆整均匀,达到纳米级,缓释效果明显,值得进一步开展体内研究。     

丹参酮ⅡA纳米结构脂质载体的制备及体外评价

目的：以丹参酮ⅡA为模型药物,制备丹参酮ⅡA纳米结构脂质载体,进行处方优化,并进行体外评价。方法采用乳化－超声分散法制备丹参酮ⅡA–NLC,以包封率为评价指标,并进行方法学验证。采用正交试验筛选丹参酮ⅡA－NLC的最优处方。通过测定丹参酮ⅡA －NLC的形态与粒径、包封率、载药量、Zeta电位对其进行体外评价。结果最优处方为模型药物用量0.5mg、脂质浓度为3％、乳化剂比为1：1、固液脂质比为1：4。制备的丹参酮ⅡA–NLC包封率为（76.83±1.701）％、载药量为（0.5564±1.113）％、粒径分布均匀、Zeta电位为－（26.6±0.87）mV。结论通过乳化－超声分散法制备出的丹参酮ⅡA–NLC,粒径分布均匀,多分布在100～200nm之间,包封率和稳定性良好。     

甘草次酸修饰的莪术醇-芍药苷共载纳米脂质体的制备及表征

目的 优选甘草次酸修饰的莪术醇-芍药苷共载纳米脂质体（GA-Cur-PF-Lips）的制备工艺,并对其理化性质进行表征。方法 采用乙醇注入法制备GA-Cur-PF-Lips,通过单因素考察和Box-Behnken响应面优化法优选其制备工艺;利用透射电镜观察其显微形态,采用马尔文激光粒径仪测定其粒径、多分散指数（polydispersity index, PDI）及Zeta电位,并对其体外释放度、溶血性进行考察。结果 最佳工艺:脂质量85.19 mg,胆脂比1∶9.74,总投药量4.5 mg,导脂比1∶40,超声时间6.4 min（工作2 s、停2 s）。制得的GA-Cur-PF-Lips外观澄清并伴有淡蓝色乳光,透射电镜下观察呈类球形;其平均粒径为（101.1±0.25） nm,PDI为0.170±0.011,Zeta电位为（0.333±0.060） mV,莪术醇包封率为86.65%±1.11%,芍药苷包封率为47.85%±1.02%,总载药量为1.233%±0.022%;体外释放呈现缓释特征,且无明显的溶血作用。结论 优化后的GA-Cur-PF-Lips包封率高、粒径小且分布均匀,无...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.