新型冠状病毒肺炎康复者特异性抗体的动态变化及临床意义

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）康复者特异性抗体的动态变化及其临床意义。方法 本研究采用回顾性研究方法,收集2020年2月6日至2021年3月24日在广州医科大学附属市八医院随访的成人COVID-19康复者141例,根据出院时诊断分型将康复者分为重症组（重型及危重型）与非重症组（轻型及普通型）。对比分析两组患者在出院后1周、2周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年随访的抗体变化情况。结果 重症组1周IgG阳性率为95.00%,随后1年均为100.00%;非重症组1周IgG阳性率为59.50%、6个月为90.08%、1年为76.03%。6个月随访重症组血清抗体IgG较非重症组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.441,P=0.015）。1年随访重症组血清抗体IgG较非重症组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（Z=-3.410,P=0.001）。重症组1年随访IgM水平较6个月明显降低,差异有统计学意义（Z=-2.259,P=0.024）;非重症组1年随访时IgG、IgM水平较6个月明显降低,差异有统计学意义（Z=-7.370,P<0.01;Z=3.850,P<0.01）。结论 COVID-19康复者血清保护性抗体在出院后6个月内维持在较高水平,出院后1年内基本保持稳定。重症组抗体滴度较非重症组明显升高且持续时长至少1年。COVID-19康复者能获得1年的自然免疫保护能力,病情危重者获得的免疫持续时间更长久。     

A Case Series of Olfactory Dysfunction in Imported COVID-19 Patients: A 12-Month Follow-Up Study

Objective The scientific community knows little about the long-term influence of coronavirus disease2019(COVID-19) on olfactory dysfunction(OD). With the COVID-19 pandemic ongoing worldwide, the risk of imported cases remains high. In China, it is necessary to understand OD in imported cases.Methods A prospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 11 self-reported patients with COVID-19 and OD from Xi’an No. 8 Hospital were followed between August 19, 2021, and December 12, 2021.Demographi...     

Prevalence and predictors of depression,anxiety, and stress symptoms among pregnant women during COVID-19-related lockdown in Abakaliki,Nigeria

BackgroundSeveral studies have been published on the topic of COVID-19 and pregnancy over recent months. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of this pandemic on maternal mental health, particularly in low-resource settings.AimTo determine the prevalence and predictors of COVID-19-related depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among pregnant women.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that involved 456 pregnant women attending prenatal care at Abakaliki, Nigeria, during the COVID-19 lockdown. These patients were screened for psychological morbidities using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).ResultsSevere and extremely severe depression were reported in 7.2% (n=33) and 6.4% (n=29) of participants, respectively. Analysis also revealed that 3.3% (n=15) and 7.7% (n=35) of women had severe and extremely severe anxiety, respectively. In total, 23% (n=105) of the participating women had severe stress while 16.7% (n=76) reported extremely severe stress. Multiparity (2–4) and occupation, such as trading and farming, were predictors of depression whereas grand-multiparity, urban residence, and trading, were identified as predictors of anxiety and stress.ConclusionSymptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were relatively common among pregnant women during the COVID-19 lockdown in Abakaliki, Nigeria. There is a clear need to integrate screening for depression, anxiety and stress, in existing antenatal care programs so as to identify and prevent long-term adverse psychological outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者康复后心理健康状况的随访性调查研究

背景　2020年9月印发的《新冠肺炎疫情防控常态化下治愈患者心理疏导工作方案》指出，加强新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者康复后心理状况随访至关重要。目前已有横断面研究发现COVID-19患者康复后心理健康问题频发，但仍缺乏其动态随访研究。目的　动态随访调查COVID-19康复患者出院后2周及3个月的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法　选取2020年2-4月于安徽省两家定点医院确诊的COVID-19患者为研究对象；收集一般人口学资料；采用流调中心用抑郁量表（CES-D）、失眠严重指数量表（ISI）、躯体化症状自评量表（SSS）和创伤后应激障碍检查量表（PCL）进行心理健康状况评估。结果　发放问卷125份，COVID-19康复患者出院后2周（收回有效问卷121份）的抑郁、失眠、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和躯体化症状发生率分别为9.92%（12/121）、26.45%（32/121）、1.65%（2/121）和4.96%（6/121）。出院后3个月（收回有效问卷85份）的抑郁、失眠、PTSD和躯体化症状发生率分别为36.47%（31/85）、83.53%（71/85）、8.24%（7/85）和18.82%（16/85）。COVID-19康复患者出院后2周及出院后3个月时的性别、年龄、健康状况、有无家人心理支持、是否需要心理援助以及是否接受心理援助比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。COVID-19康复患者出院后2周及出院后3个月时的经济状况、身心是否受损以及是否在乎周围人看法比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。COVID-19康复患者出院后3个月的CES-D总分、ISI总分、SSS总分和PCL总分均高于出院后2周（P<0.05）。在以抑郁症状为因变量的多元Logistic回归分析中，年龄以及是否需要心理援助是患者出院后2周抑郁症状产生的影响因素（P<0.05）。身心是否受损是患者出院后2周及3个月抑郁症状产生的影响因素（P<0.05）。是否在乎周围人看法是患者出院后3个月抑郁症状产生的影响因素，在乎周围人看法的患者患抑郁症状的可能性是不在乎周围人看法患者的3.997倍〔OR（95%CI）=3.997（1.708，9.351），P=0.001〕。在以失眠症状为因变量的多元Logistic回归分析中，年龄、身心是否受损以及是否需要心理援助是患者出院后2周失眠症状产生的影响因素（P<0.05）。是否在乎周围人看法是患者出院后3个月失眠症状产生的影响因素，在乎周围人看法的患者患失眠症状的可能性是不在乎周围人看法患者的10.255倍〔OR（95%CI）=10.255（2.796，37.611），P<0.001〕。结论　COVID-19康复患者出院后存在明显的抑郁、失眠、PTSD和躯体化症状等心理健康问题，且随访期越长症状发生率越高，需要精神科专业人员及早进行心理危机干预。     

湖北荆州市84例普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者心理变化特点

目的 探讨湖北荆州市84例普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）患者的心理变化特征,指导患者心理康复训练。方法 使用一般情况调查表、广泛性焦虑量表和抑郁量表,对湖北荆州市第二人民医院2020年1月28日至2020年2月10日收治的84名普通型新冠肺炎患者进行入院时、出院时、出院后第14天和第28天问卷调查。运用无序多分类Logistic回归模型进行统计分析。结果 84例新冠肺炎患者确诊时轻度、中度和重度焦虑发生率分别是39.29%、36.90%、17.86%;出院后第28天分别为14.29%、2.38%、2.38%;确诊时抑郁症轻度、中度、中重度及重度发生率分别是45.24%、32.14%、14.29%、7.14%,出院后第28天分别为19.05%、4.76%、1.19%、1.19%。多因素分析结果显示：初中及以下和进城打工者以及家庭工作者易出现不同程度的焦虑情绪,尤其是进城打工者。女性、年龄、家庭工作者容易出现抑郁症,受初中及以下教育者和家庭工作者容易患轻度和中重度抑郁症,尤其应重视受大学教育者。结论 新冠肺炎患者易出现不同程度的焦虑及抑郁心理问题,且不同程度焦虑和抑郁情绪的影响因素不完全相同,社区工作者和医务人员应该加强患者出院后的心理康复治疗,让患者尽早恢复健康的心理状态。     

普通型及重型COVID-19患者139例胸部CT出院后随访

目的 通过分析普通型及重型新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者出院后半年内的胸部CT表现,探讨其肺内残余病灶的转归情况。方法收集出院后半年内进行随访的139例COVID-19患者的一般资料（年龄、发病至病灶完全吸收时间等）及影像学资料（肺内病灶累及的范围、分布、CT表现等）。根据疾病严重程度,将其分成普通型组（n=121）及重型组（n=18）,采用半定量评分系统评估肺受损程度,并利用SPSS 22.0统计软件对所收集的数据进行分析、比较。结果重型组患者平均年龄高于普通型组患者;重型组患者双肺病灶累及范围较普通型组患者广泛,且吸收速度较慢,出院后半年内,仅3例（17%）患者肺部病灶完全吸收,而在普通型组患者中该比例高达76%,普通型组患者发病至肺内病灶完全吸收平均（124±58）d,重型组为（159±45）d。肺内残余病灶最常见的影像学表现为磨玻璃密度影及条索影,而实变影、蜂窝影、支气管扩张、胸腔积液及淋巴结肿大未见显示。结论大部分普通型及重型COVID-19患者的肺内残余病灶是可逆的。重型肺炎患者肺内病灶吸收缓慢,随访时间需长达1～2年,而大部分普通型肺炎患者肺内病灶吸收较快,随访时间仅需半年。     

Smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients with previously abnormal chest radiographs: missed opportunities for early diagnosis

INTRODUCTIONIt is vital to diagnose and treat pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) early, in the interests of the patient and public health. At the Singapore Tuberculosis Control Unit (TBCU), it was not uncommon to discover abnormal chest radiographs (CXRs) predating their PTB diagnosis by months to years in the electronic medical records (EMRs) of sputum acid-fast bacilli smear-positive patients. Our study explored this observation.METHODSThe EMRs of sputum smear-positive PTB patients treated at the TBCU from January to July 2014 were viewed for abnormal CXRs preceding their PTB diagnosis. Information in the EMRs pertaining to the indication for the CXRs, radiological reports (including whether the possibility of PTB was stated) and action taken was captured.RESULTSOf the 254 sputum smear-positive patients, 108 had previous CXRs in their EMRs, of whom 39 (36.1%) had previous CXRs compatible with PTB. Most of these were performed in tertiary institutions and for reasons unrelated to PTB. No action was taken in response to these CXRs in 24 (61.5%) patients. 27 (69.2%) patients had abnormal CXRs dating back more than six months, with 12 (30.8%) dating back more than 30 months before the PTB diagnosis. Patients aged ≥ 55 years were significantly more likely to have previous CXRs that were compatible with PTB.CONCLUSIONPTB patients may be asymptomatic or have chronic indolent disease and remain undiagnosed for years. There is a need for vigilance within our healthcare system to seize opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent the spread of this infectious disease in Singapore.     

广州市134例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊患者出院1年随访研究

目的 收集广州市134例新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）确诊患者出院1年随访资料,并分析总结其特点,为进一步评价COVID-19患者的远期疗效提供依据。方法 收集在广州医科大学附属市八医院治愈出院1年并在该院康复门诊随访的134例COVID-19确诊患者为研究对象,按COVID-19患者住院时确定的轻型、普通型、重型为分组,分别进行新型冠状病毒抗体、T淋巴细胞亚群、肺功能、胸部CT等结果进行分析。结果 134例随访患者新型冠状病毒IgG阳性105例（占78.4%）;CD4⁺及CD8⁺T淋巴细胞绝对值下降分别有34例（占25.4%）及20例（占14.9%）;肺通气功能障碍者34例（25.4%）,弥散功能障碍37例（27.6%）。三组患者对比,抗体IgG阳性比例、CD4⁺及CD8⁺淋巴细胞下降比例、肺功能异常比例等差异均无统计学意义。胸部CT基本正常89例（占66.4%）,以慢性炎症为主10例（占7.5%）,以纤维病灶为主31例（占23.1%）,出现间质性改变4例（3.0%）;相较而言,重型组患者更容易出现慢性炎症及间质性改变。结论 对出院随访满1年的COVID-19康复期患者,大部分IgG抗体呈阳性,绝大多数患者T淋巴细胞亚群、肺功能及胸部CT均可恢复正常,但有部分患者存在T淋巴细胞亚群异常、肺通气功能受损和弥散功能障碍,胸部CT可见慢性炎症、纤维病灶及间质性改变等。     

Follow up for COVID-19 in Belfast City Hospital

Background:During the COVID-19 pandemic of Spring 2020, Belfast City Hospital functioned as Belfast’s Nightingale facility. Evidence published during this time focused mainly on the acute management of the condition. Guidance on follow up and long-term management for patients recovering from COVID-19 was sparse. A specialist COVID-19 follow up service was devised in Belfast City Hospital led by a respiratory physician with physiotherapy and psychology input.Methods:Data was collected on all patients admitted to Belfast Nightingale unit. Patients admitted to Intensive Care at any stage in their admission were followed up separately by Intensive Care. Initial consultation was via telephone call for all eligible patients six weeks post discharge, followed by face-to-face consultation for those with symptoms at next available appointment, and a further face-to-face consultation at twelve weeks post hospital discharge. Patients were seen by respiratory physician, physiotherapy and psychology at each appointment. All patients who had initial changes on chest radiograph had 12 week follow up radiograph requested as per British Thoracic Society guidelines.Results:29 patients were followed up after hospitalisation with COVID-19. Of these, 10 were brought for face-to-face consultations. Patients at clinic were all functionally independent with a median Medical Research Council dyspnoea score of 2 and a subjective assessment of their current health of median 50, on a visual analogue scale 0-100. Fatigue was common with all patients. Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder were all reported from psychological review. Chest radiograph showed signs of improvement in 100% of clinic attendees. 90% of patients seen in clinic had normal or chronic obstructive patterns on spirometry, with one patient having a reduced transfer factor.Conclusion:Majority of patients did not require face-to-face review and were recovering well. Of the 10 patients seen in the respiratory led clinic, the main issues reported were fatigue and psychological issues. Respiratory symptoms were significantly improving in 9 out of the 10 patients seen. All patients have been introduced to psychology service whilst at clinic and will continue to receive necessary support.     

Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Follow-up of Neutralizing Antibody Levels

ObjectiveTo investigate neutralizing antibody levels in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at 6 and 10 months after disease onset.MethodsBlood samples were collected at three different time points from 27 asymptomatic individuals and 69 symptomatic patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Virus-neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 in both groups were measured and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe symptomatic and asymptomatic groups had higher neutralizing antibodies at 3 months and 1–2 months post polymerase chain reaction confirmation, respectively. However, neutralizing antibodies in both groups dropped significantly to lower levels at 6 months post-PCR confirmation.ConclusionContinued monitoring of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 is key to controlling the infection.     

Towards clinical data-driven eligibility criteria optimization for interventional COVID-19 clinical trials

ObjectiveThis research aims to evaluate the impact of eligibility criteria on recruitment and observable clinical outcomes of COVID-19 clinical trials using electronic health record (EHR) data.Materials and MethodsOn June 18, 2020, we identified frequently used eligibility criteria from all the interventional COVID-19 trials in ClinicalTrials.gov (n = 288), including age, pregnancy, oxygen saturation, alanine/aspartate aminotransferase, platelets, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. We applied the frequently used criteria to the EHR data of COVID-19 patients in Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) (March 2020–June 2020) and evaluated their impact on patient accrual and the occurrence of a composite endpoint of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and in-hospital death.ResultsThere were 3251 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the CUIMC EHR included in the analysis. The median follow-up period was 10 days (interquartile range 4–28 days). The composite events occurred in 18.1% (n = 587) of the COVID-19 cohort during the follow-up. In a hypothetical trial with common eligibility criteria, 33.6% (690/2051) were eligible among patients with evaluable data and 22.2% (153/690) had the composite event.DiscussionBy adjusting the thresholds of common eligibility criteria based on the characteristics of COVID-19 patients, we could observe more composite events from fewer patients.ConclusionsThis research demonstrated the potential of using the EHR data of COVID-19 patients to inform the selection of eligibility criteria and their thresholds, supporting data-driven optimization of participant selection towards improved statistical power of COVID-19 trials.     

成都市新型冠状病毒肺炎康复期患者出院后半年复诊结果分析

目的 总结成都市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者出院后半年的复诊结果。方法 收集成都市48例复诊的COVID-19患者资料,分为重症组和非重症组,同时以医院45位健康医务人员为对照组,使用SPSS 26.0统计学软件整理分析复诊者出院后半年症状、实验室检查、心脏彩超、胸CT、心脏核磁共振结果,以及复诊者CD4⁺T、CD8⁺T计数与健康对照组的差异。结果 复诊患者中伴干咳4例（8.3%）,活动耐量较患病前下降7例（14.6%）,重症组活动耐量下降的发生率高于非重症组（P<0.05）。复诊患者的CD4⁺T、CD8⁺T计数对比健康对照组,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。SARS-CoV-2 IgG的阳性率为68.8%,3例患者SARS-CoV-2 IgM阳性,所有复诊患者咽拭子SARS-CoV-2核酸阴性;37.0%复诊患者伴有心脏瓣膜反流;35.4%伴有肺部磨玻璃影病灶;10.4%伴有肺间质网格影。重症组肺部伴有明显磨玻璃影病灶的发生率大于非重症组（P=0.001）。心脏核磁共振结果显示8例患者存在心肌水肿,4例存在心肌微循环障碍。结论 部分COVID-19患者在出院后半年有症状,主要表现为干咳及活动耐量较患病前下降,感染新冠病毒可对患者造成长时间的心肌损伤。出院后半年的肝功、T淋巴细胞功能已基本恢复正常。个别患者在出院后半年仍有明显肺部磨玻璃影并伴有肺功能损伤。     

阿托伐他汀钙配合单孔双管冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿疗效分析

目的 探讨阿托伐他汀钙配合单孔双管冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析2016年5月至2017年4月我院神经外科采用阿托伐他汀钙配合单孔双管冲洗引流治疗的42例慢性硬膜下血肿的临床预后及随访结果。男33例、女9例,年龄为38~82岁,平均年龄为（70.0±5.8）岁。42例患者均有头痛、头晕症状,36例有不同程度肢体肌力障碍。结果 42例患者中36例为单侧慢性硬膜下血肿,6例为双侧慢性硬膜下血肿。所有患者的头痛、头晕症状和肌力障碍术后24 h内均改善,1个月后症状完全消失。41例完全治愈,其中22例患者术后3个月时复查头颅计算机断层扫描（CT）提示血肿完全消失,19例患者术后6个月时复查头颅CT示血肿完全消失;1例（2.38%）双侧慢性硬膜下血肿患者因心房颤动口服华法林,术后1个月时复查头颅CT提示慢性硬膜下血肿复发,在随访过程中突发呼吸心跳骤停死亡。结论 阿托伐他汀钙配合单孔双管冲洗引流治疗慢性硬膜下血肿确实有效,值得推广应用。     

Outcomes of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients in National Guard Health Affairs,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Objectives:To evaluate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient tracheostomy outcomes.Methods:All COVID-19 patients at the National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were retrospectively recruited. Those who had tracheostomies between April and December 2020 were included.Results:The population was 45 patients, of which 30 (66.7%) were males, 15 (33.3%) were females and the mean age was 66.76±12.74 years. The tracheostomy indications were anticipated prolonged weaning in 40 (88.9%) and failed extubation in 5 (11.1%) of the patients. The mean intubation to tracheostomy duration was 20.62±7.21 days. Mortalities were high, with most attributed to COVID-19. Mortality and a pre-tracheostomy C-reactive protein (CRP) uptrend were significantly related (p=0.039). Mortality and intubation to tracheostomy duration were not significantly related. The mean post-tracheostomy time to death was 10.64±6.9 days. Among the survivors, 20 (44.4%) males and 11 (24.4%) females were weaned off mechanical ventilation; 9 (20%) remained on ventilation during the study. The mean ventilation weaning time was 27.92±20 days.Conclusion:The high mortality rate was attributed to COVID-19. Mortality and a pre-tracheostomy CRP uptrend were significantly related; uptrend patients experienced far more mortalities than downtrend patients. Unlike previous findings, mortality and intubation to tracheostomy duration were not significantly related.     

Outcomes of older COVID-19 patients in Acute Care at Home,Southern HSC Trust,Northern Ireland,from March - June 2020

Introduction:The older population has been most affected by COVID-19, with mortality rates of around 27%. The Acute Care at Home (ACAH) team aims to improve outcomes in the older population by preventing hospital admission or facilitating early discharge, allowing patients to be treated in their own environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the ACAH team administered oxygen therapy, antibiotics, anticipatory medications and other vital interventions to combat the ill effects of COVID-19.Method:An observational approach has been used in this study. Patients were included if they were admitted to ACAH during March-June 2020 for treatment of COVID-19. Biochemistry, oxygen saturations and co-morbidities are among the studied parameters. Lymphocyte count and serum magnesium were compared with a non-COVID-19 cohort. Trends within parameters and associated mortality were analysed and tabulated.Results:70% of admissions were lymphopenic, whilst 54% were hypoxic. There was a 28-day mortality rate of 35%, with an 18% increase in mortality rate when comparing residence in long-term care facilities (LTCF) to personal residence. All patients had existing co-morbidities.Conclusion:The data indicates that hypoxaemia, hyperferritinaemia and hypermagnesaemia are associated with early mortality in the older population infected with COVID-19. National Early Warning Score and frailty score are predictive of mortality in this cohort, with higher scores correlating to worse outcomes. Those living in LTCF are at an increased risk of mortality. However, ACAH mortality rates are comparable to those admitted to hospital, validating the concept of ACAH. The highlighted trends can be used to improve outcomes in future admissions.     

矿难后2个月和10个月创伤后应激障碍的发生率及相关因素

目的:调查矿难后2个月及10个月创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)的发生率及相关因素.方法:采用创伤后应激障碍清单(PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version,PCL-C)调查104名矿难幸存者PTSD的发生率.选取48名幸存者(包括24名重性PTSD患者及24名非PTSD对照)进行详细症状、心理评估.结果:矿难后2个月,PTSD的发生率为50%.重性PTSD患者和非PTSD对照在PTSD症状分析、焦虑抑郁、个性及记忆功能方面有显著差别.逐步回归分析显示状态焦虑、矿难后恢复上班情况、Beck抑郁问卷(BDI)总分、神经质、矿难发生时所在位置、井下工龄进入回归方程.矿难后10个月,符合PTSD诊断标准的占30.6%;与矿难后2个月相比,PTSD患者在PTSD症状、焦虑症状及短时记忆方面有明显改善,抑郁症状无显著差别;逐步回归分析显示,状态焦虑改善、矿难后恢复上班情况、积极应对、情感平衡、井下工龄是PTSD症状减轻的因素.结论:矿难后PTSD的发病率高、症状严重,对幸存矿工的心理影响很大,需要及时干预与治疗.状态焦虑、矿难后恢复上班晚、抑郁、神经质、矿难发生时所在位置危险度高、井下工龄短是PTSD发生的危险因素.积极应时是PTSD恢复的积极因素之一.     

Epidemiologic Features,Radiological Findings and Clinical Outcomes of 19 Patients with COVID-19 in a Single Center in Beijing,China

Objective To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and prognoses of COVID-19 confirmed patients in a single center in Beijing, China. Methods The study retrospectively included 19 patients with nucleic acid-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at our hospital from January 20 to March 5, 2020. The final follow-up date was March 14, 2020. The epidemiologic and clinical information was obtained through direct communication with the patients or their family members. Laboratory results retrieved from medical records and radiological images were analyzed both qualitatively by two senior chest radiologists as well as quantitatively via an artificial intelligence software. Results We identified 5 family clusters (13/19, 68.4％) from the study cohort. All cases had good clinical prognoses and were either mild (3/19) or moderate (16/19) clinical types. Fever (15/19, 78.9％) and dry cough (11/19, 57.9％) were common symptoms. Two patients received negative results for more than three consecutive viral nucleic acid tests. The longest interval between an initial CT abnormal finding and a confirmed diagnosis was 30 days. One patient's nucleic acid test turned positive on the follow-up examination after discharge. The presence of radiological abnormalities was non-specific for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Conclusions COVID-19 patients with mild or no clinical symptoms are common in Beijing, China. Radiological abnormalities are mostly non-specific and massive CT examinations for COVID-19 screening should be avoided. Analyses of the contact histories of diagnosed cases in combination with clinical, radiological and laboratory findings are crucial for the early detection of COVID-19. Close monitoring after discharge is also recommended.     

天津市32例新型冠状病毒肺炎（奥密克戎）成人患者中医临床特征分析

[目的] 分析天津市新型冠状病毒肺炎（奥密克戎）成人普通型患者一般情况及中医临床特征。[方法] 选取2022年1月27日—2月5日于天津海河医院中医病区收治的本土新型冠状病毒肺炎（奥密克戎）成人普通型患者32例,入院后采集流行病学资料及血常规、C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原、首发症状、舌象等信息并进行辨证。[结果] 研究共纳入32例新型冠状病毒肺炎（奥密克戎）成人普通型患者,包括男13例,女19例,年龄21～71岁,平均年龄（49.34±15.00）岁,其中9例（28.13%）存在基础疾病。流行病学调查发现发热门诊筛查病例1例（3.12%）,新型冠状病毒肺炎患者密切接触史12例（37.5%）,家庭聚集性发病19例（59.38%）。7例患者（21.87%）白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、C反应蛋白和IL-6正常;17例患者（53.12%）出现淋巴细胞计数下降,6例患者（18.75%）淋巴细胞合并白细胞计数减少。首发症状：1例患者（3.13%）无症状,31例患者（96.87%）首发症状为咽干,23例患者（71.88%）有咳嗽症状,9例患者出现发热,1例患者（3.13%）伴味觉、嗅觉减退。舌象：淡红舌25例（78.12%）、红舌7例（28.88%）,2例患者（6.25%）舌体胖大有齿痕;黄苔21例（65.63%）,其中薄黄苔9例（28.13%）、黄腻苔12例（37.5%）;白苔10例（31.25%）,其中薄白苔6例（18.75%）、白腻苔4例（12.5%）;中医证型：湿邪困表证3例（9.37%）,瘟热犯卫证24例（75%）,热毒袭肺证3例（9.37%）,湿蕴脾胃证2例（6.25%）。[结论] 经过研究分析32例新型冠状病毒肺炎（奥密克戎）成人普通型患者中医临床特点,认为温热蕴结,肺气不宣为主要病机,治疗宜以宣肺化湿、清热透邪为主。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎临床实验室监测分析

目的 探讨5例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)实验室检查的价值,为临床诊治和疫情防控提供参考。方法 选取2020年1月23日至2020年2月22日延安市第二人民医院收治的5例确诊COVID-19患者,采用RT-PCR检测不同部位采集的核酸标本及其它实验室数据进行统计学分析。结果 入院时5例患者外周血检查均有不同程度异常,其中3例淋巴细胞计数减少,3例CRP升高,3例有ESR加快;总共采集107份标本进行SARS-CoV-2核酸检测,其中咽拭子25份,阳性率44.0%(11/25),鼻拭子35份,阳性率25.7%(9/35),粪便(肛拭子)31份,阳性率77.4%(25/31),16份血标本核酸检测均阴性,5例患者符合出院标准时粪便核酸检测均阳性,截至2月27日对3例患者出院后追踪发现,出院2周或更长时间粪便SARS-CoV-2核酸仍阳性。结论 监测新冠肺炎外周血细胞计数变化有助于病情的及时判断,新冠肺炎的确诊鼻咽肛拭子组合送检是较好的策略,病毒有持续经粪便排泄现象,需对出院患者进行有效隔离和追踪随访,以避免粪-口及接触传播的风险和复发的可能。     

缬沙坦用于心房颤动伴高血压射频消融术后的疗效观察

目的 观察心房颤动（以下简称房颤）伴高血压患者磁导航引导下射频消融术后应用缬沙坦的临床疗效。方法 入选46例房颤伴高血压患者在磁导航引导下行射频消融术,术后分为实验组（缬沙坦+氨氯地平）和对照组（氨氯地平）,术后随访1年,记录心功能改善及房颤复发情况。结果 术后3个月、1年随访,两组收缩压均较术前改善,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P分别为0.29、0.68）;术后3月时实验组CRP明显低于对照组（5.8±1.8mg/L vs 7.9±2.5mg/L,P<0.01）,房颤复发率有减少趋势,但差异无统计学意义（4 vs 10,P=0.060）,左心房前后径（LAD）比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.67）;术后1年时实验组LAD（36.1±2.9mm vs 38.2±3.3mm,P=0.02）、房颤复发率（2 vs 8,P=0.040）明显低于对照组。术后3个月房颤复发14例、术后1年复发10例,复发组患者的持续性房颤比例、术前LAD、随访时LAD均高于未复发组（P均<0.05）。结论 房颤类型、左心房大小是房颤伴高血压患者射频消融术后复发房颤的预测因子之一,缬沙坦可减少术后1年房颤复发率,特别是可以减少术后3个月CRP及术后1年LAD,其疗效独立于缬沙坦的降压作用。