三七总皂苷中活性单体的检测及体内代谢研究进展

现代药理学研究证实三七总皂苷具有抗自由基、抗血小板聚集、扩张血管、改善微循环及抗炎等作用,其有效成分三七总皂苷（panax notoginsengsaponins,PNS）中主要含有三七皂苷R1（notoginsenoside R1,R1）、人参皂苷Rg1（ginsenoside Rg1,Rg1）、人参皂苷Rb1（ginsenoside Rb1,Rb1）、人参皂苷Rd（ginsenoside Rd,Rd）、人参皂苷Re（ginsenoside Re,Re）等单体皂苷。PNS口服难以被直接吸收,必须经过体内代谢才能发挥生物活性。然而迄今国内尚未检索到PNS体内代谢过程比较系统的研究报道。故该文对PNS的检测方法及5种活性单体在生物样品中的吸收分布及代谢等药动学研究进展进行了分析和综述。     

三七不同提取工艺的研究

三七为五加科植物三七Panax notoginseng(Burk．)F．H．Chen的干燥根,主要含有多种与人参皂苷类似的成分,如人参皂苷Rb1,Rd,Rg1,三七皂苷R1,R2等皂苷类成分,总皂苷为其主要有效成分。近年来,国内对其化学和药理进行了广泛的研究,证实三七总皂苷(PNS)具有实验性治疗心肌缺血、心律失常,降低动脉血压,抗衰老及改善物质代谢;对中枢神经有抑制和镇痛作用。通过对不同的提取方法的比较,选择合适的提取方法提取总皂苷类成分,优选出三七总皂苷的合理提取工艺,为生产工艺参数的选择提供实验依据。     

一种真菌转化人参皂苷的研究

目的研究利用真菌转化人参根总皂苷的方法,测定其含量变化。方法利用实验室的菌株,对柱层析分离后的人参根皂苷进行微生物转化,运用HPLC对转化后的皂苷成分进行含量测定。结果该菌株能将人参皂苷Rb1转化为人参皂苷Rd,为稀有人参皂苷Rd的制备提供了新的方法。结论筛选出的真菌对二醇型皂苷具有转化活性,Rb1质量浓度明显减少,Rd的含量增多,由此得出结论该真菌能将皂苷Rb1转化为Rd。利用真菌转化人参根总皂苷方法是最适条件,为其规模化操作提供一定参考依据。     

两种西洋参人参皂苷不同提取方法的比较

目的 选择最优的西洋参人参皂苷的提取方法。方法 采用甲醇超声提取法和正丁醇回流加热提取法提取西洋参根中的人参皂苷,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rd 含量差异,比较两种提取方法的优劣。结果 两种提取方法提取的人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rd在测定范围内具有良好的线性关系。甲醇超声提取的Rg₁、Re 平均含量均高于正丁醇加热回流提取法(P<0.05),Rb₁平均含量低于正丁醇加热回流提取法(P<0.05),Rc、Rd 平均含量与正丁醇加热回流提取法无显著差异(P>0.05)。方法学考察结果显示人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁、Rc、Rd日内精密度RSD良好、平均加样回收率良好。结论 甲醇超声提取的Rg₁、Re含量显著高于正丁醇提取,正丁醇加热回流提取法Rb₁显著高于甲醇超声提取。依据不同的人参皂苷成分选择最佳的提取方法。     

人参皂苷Rb1在体外肠道菌群模型中的代谢研究

目的 研究人参皂苷Rb1在厌氧和有氧条件下经肠道菌群作用下逐级脱糖基的代谢差异。方法 利用UPLC-MS/MS研究人参皂苷Rb1在厌氧和有氧条件下经肠菌液的作用下,分别温孵0、2、4、8、12、24、48、72 h后,人参皂苷Rb1及其脱糖基代谢物的变化情况。结果 体外温孵实验中,人参皂苷Rb1在厌氧和有氧条件下经大鼠肠菌液作用下脱糖基生成人参皂苷Rd、F2、C-K,其中Rd→F2是Rb1在肠菌液的作用下脱糖基代谢的限速步骤。人参皂苷Rb1在大鼠肠道菌群作用下代谢途径为Rb1→Rd→F2→C-K。结论 人参皂苷Rb1在有氧和厌氧条件下脱糖基代谢产物没有差异,有氧代谢速率快于厌氧代谢。      

鲜人参的干燥方法对提取和分离人参皂苷成分的影响

目的:考察不同干燥方法对人参皂苷提取和分离的影响.方法:采用自然晾晒、烘箱干燥和微波干燥三种不同的方法对鲜人参进行了干燥,观察干燥效果;采用水煮和微波加热的方式对三种干燥人参中的人参皂苷进行提取,进一步用泡沫分离法将各种不同皂苷成分进行分离和浓缩,测定总皂苷和单体皂苷的浓度,计算皂苷回收率.结果:微波干燥鲜人参省时节能,外观犹如鲜参,而且有利于有效成分的释放;采用微波加热方式提取人参皂苷,可以在较短的时间内得到与水煮相同的皂苷回收率;泡沫分离法对人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rd有显著的浓缩效果,对Rc、Rf皂苷浓缩效果不大.结论:鲜药材的干燥与药材的保存和有效成分的提取有密切的关系,微波干燥和辅助提取是一种省时、节能、皂苷回收率较高的方法.     

人参皂苷免疫调节作用的研究进展

<正>传统中医学认为人参具有大补元气、生津止渴、扶正固本等功效,人参皂苷作为从人参中提取的主要有效活性成分,以其多方面的药理学作用,成为近年来医学界研究的热点。人参皂苷按其化学性质可分为:人参皂苷二醇型(A型),包括Rb1、Rb2、RC、Rd、Rh2等;人参皂苷三醇型(B型),包括Re、Rf、Rg1、Rg2、Rhr等;齐墩果酸型(C型),如Ro、Rh3、Ri、F4等。现代药理研究表明,人参皂苷具有双相免疫调节作用,能改善实验动物的非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能[1],用于治疗免疫系统紊乱疾病[2-3]。免     

热分析方法研究人参皂苷Rg3对映异构体的热特征

人参皂苷Rg3(ginsenoside Rg3)是从五加科植物人参Panaxginseng C．A．Meyer中分离出的天然三萜皂苷，人参皂苷Rg3在自然界中存在C20位两种叉向异构体：20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3和20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3。近年来，国内外学者对其进行了深入研究，发现两者均具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生物活性。韩国学者证实20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3体外无氧代谢速度是20(R)-人参皂苷Rg3的19倍，说明两化合物的结构与生物活性关系密切。本研究比较了两种人参皂苷Rg3的热分析结果，从化合物稳定性角度分析引起两者活性差异的因素。     

人参果中化合物K的HPLC法测定

人参Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer为五加科人参属植物,不但其根药用,而且其叶和果实亦供药用,并有广泛的生物学活性.笔者从人参浆果中分离得到苯甲酸、异人参皂苷Rh3、人参皂苷Rh2、人参皂苷Rh1、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rd、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb1、β-谷甾醇和化合物K 12个化合物[1,2].     

人参皂苷体外转化和分析方法的研究进展

人参皂苷因其独特的生物活性和药用价值而受到人们越来越多的关注。人参皂苷种类繁多,且不同品种的人参中其含量差异较大,故而传统的加工工艺无法有效的将其分离提取出来。因此,人参的深加工技术成为热点话题。本文对人参皂苷的体外转化及分析等方法进行简要概述。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.