亲属活体肾移植受者119例临床总结

目的 回顾总结亲属活体肾移植受者围手术期的临床特点.方法 收集119例亲属活体肾移植受者对照同期234例尸体肾移植受者,比较两组供肾热、冷缺血时间、供肾血管长度、植肾手术时间、术后平均住院时间、供受者HLA错配率、术后3 d血肌酐下降速度、DGF发生率、急排发生率、1年人/肾存活率.结果 亲属活体肾移植组供肾血管长度、供肾热、冷缺血时间、术后平均住院时间、HLA六位点法错配率、DGF、急排发生率均明显小于尸体肾移植组(P<0.01),而手术时间、术后3 d血清肌酐下降速度、1年人/肾存活率亲属活体肾移植组均明显大于尸体肾移植组(P<0.01).结论 亲属活体肾移植的近期临床疗效明显优于尸体肾移植,远期(>1年)的临床效果比较有待进一步追踪观察.在有条件、技术成熟的移植中心亲属活体肾移植是患者家族内自救互救的重要途径.     

亲属活体供肾来源对肾移植疗效影响的临床观察

目的 观察亲属活体供肾来源对肾移植临床疗效的影响,并探讨可能的优势供体。方法 回顾分析我院自2004年4月至2008年3月完成的104例亲属活体供肾移植的临床资料,按供肾来源分为夫妻间供肾组（10例）、父母供肾组（59例）、兄弟姐妹间供肾组（25例）和表兄弟姐妹间供肾组（10例）,通过观察各组的术后平均住院天数、血肌酐恢复正常时间、各时间点血肌酐水平、主要并发症（感染、排斥、DGF等）发生率及人/肾存活情况等指标,比较分析各组的临床疗效。结果 随访1~48月,兄弟姐妹间供肾组无受者死亡或移植物丢失,而夫妻供肾组、父母供肾组和表兄弟姐妹供肾组受者死亡例数分别为1例、2例和1例,移植物丢失例数分别为1例、3例和1例。兄弟姐妹间供肾组受者术后平均住院天数为（13.72 ± 4.15）d,有较其他组短的趋势,但有较高的感染发生趋势（20%）。夫妻间供肾组显示了较低的感染（0%）和排斥（10%）发生趋势。父母供肾组的排斥发生率（18.64%）高于其他组（P<0.05）。血肌酐恢复正常时间和各时间点血肌酐水平在各组间无统计学差异。结论 兄弟姐妹间供肾移植疗效相对较佳,无血缘关系的夫妻间供肾移植亦具有较理想的疗效,短期的人/肾存活情况类似于父母和表兄弟姐妹供肾移植。良好的肾移植疗效不能简单地归因于组织配型（血缘关系）,供肾质量、手术优势及术后管理可能也是重要因素。     

小鼠肾移植模型：3种创新术式（英文）

目的：小鼠肾移植模型手术难度大,成功率低,难以掌握,本研究拟改良并探索新型小鼠肾移植模型,为移植免疫基础研究提供借鉴。方法：分别建立小鼠腹部缝合法原位肾移植模型、腹部套管法原位肾移植模型和颈部套管法异位肾移植模型共57对供受体。供受体采用BALB/c小鼠或C57BL/6小鼠;供受体均选用8～12周龄、体重20～25 g的雄性无特定病原级小鼠。总结和比较3种模型的技术特点和手术时间、并发症、病理学检查等术后早期指标。结果：成功建立3种不同手术方式的小鼠肾移植模型。3组小鼠供肾热缺血时间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.510 4),腹部缝合组的供体手术总时间与腹部套管组和颈部套管组比较最短[(18.3±3.6) min vs (26.2±4.7) min和(22.8±2.5) min;均P<0.000 1]。冷缺血时间比较3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.000 1),腹部套管组、颈部套管组及腹部缝合组分别为(88.8±6.7)、(60.8±4.1)及(43.3±5.0) min。受体由于吻合方式不同,颈部套管用时最短[(17.6±2.7) min],腹部套管用时最长[(38.8±5...     

60岁以上供肾亲属肾移植临床疗效分析

 目的 总结单中心供体年龄超过60岁亲属肾移植的临床经验。方法 回顾性分析复旦大学附属中山医院肾移植中心2004年至2008年供体年龄超过60岁供肾肾移植病例15例,其中母亲作为供体7例,父亲作为供体7例,丈夫作为供体1例。采用回顾性方法及基本统计方法进行分析。结果 供体9例采用手助腹腔镜手术方式取肾（60%）,6例采用小切口开放方式（40%）,左肾作为供肾13例（86.7%）,右肾2例（13.3%）。受体12例肌酐平均3.5 d降至正常水平。供受体均随访1～4年,供体3例肾功能异常,受体死亡1例（移植肾血栓形成）,介入B超穿刺9例,病理结果示细胞排斥6例（40%）;细胞毒性损伤2例（13.3%）;1例细胞排斥证据不足。7例受体肾功能异常（46.7%）,均为男性。结论 60以上老年供体肾移植排斥发生率较高,且供肾肾单位多数不能满足男性受体代谢需要。     

供体特异性输血在亲体肾移植的初步分析

目的 探讨供体特异性输血对亲体肾移植患者围手术期并发症和术后人肾存活率的影响.方法 将我院2005-2007年收治的52例亲体肾移植患者按是否进行供体特异性输血分为供体输血组和对照组,供体输血组于术前3 d采集全血200～400 ml,术中用于受者;对照组术中随机使用库存血.对比分析两实验组在肾移植后移植肾的功能(血肌酐测定)、急性排斥反应发生率、移植肾功能延迟恢复(delayed graft function,DGF)发生率.结果 供体输血组和对照组在供肾GFR、HLA配型、供者和受者年龄方面无显著差异(P＞0.05).供体输血组术中输供体全血(334±56.4)ml,随机输注浓缩红细胞(238±105)ml;对照组输注浓缩红细胞(698±243)ml.供体输血组与对照组术后1周血肌酐水平无显著差异(P＞0.05),术后急性排斥反应和DGF发生率低于对照组(分别为3.57%、16.67%).结论 供体特异性输血可明显减少移植术中库存非亲体血使用量,减少术后急性排斥和DGF发生率,有效提高了移植受者围手术期的成功率.     

尸肝肾联合切取手术方法改进及临床应用

目的：探讨尸肝、肾联合切取的手术方法。方法：１９９３年９月至１９９６年１２月采用原位灌注,联合切取供体器官１１例次,切取供肝１１只,供肾２２只,手术方法主要有３个步骤：①建立低温灌注;②切取供肝;③整块切取供肾。结果：建立低温灌注的手术时间约为１５ｍｉｎ,供肝、肾热缺血时间平均３ｍｉｎ。１９例肾移植术后第一个２４ｈ尿量平均为７０００ｍＬ;１１例肝移植恢复肝血循环后约１６ｍｉｎ即有金黄色胆汁泌出,其中１例成功地进行了肝、肾联合移植,现患者已存活４８０＋ｄ,生活自理。结论：此法热缺血时间短,供肝、肾质量高,并提高了供体器官的利用率     

158例亲属活体肾移植的临床研究

目的:分析亲属活体肾移植资料,总结亲属活体肾移植的经验。方法:158例亲属活体肾移植中除7例为夫妻间供肾外其余为血缘亲属供肾。供、受者HLA有5个抗原错配者2例,4个抗原错配5例,3个抗原错配88例,2个抗原错配50例,1个抗原错配12例,无抗原错配1例。158例供者均经开放手术取肾。35例取供者右肾,123例取左肾,术后采用环孢素A(CsA)或普乐可复（FK506)、霉酚酸酯（MMF)及强的松（Pred)免疫抑制治疗。结果:所有158例供者均健康存活,6个月和1年时血肌酐正常。受者健康存活最长者至2008年6月已达10年, 1年带肾健康存活率95.5％,5例发生移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF),其中4例2~5周肾功能恢复正常。死亡5例,其中1例术后发生DGF,透析期间死亡,另4例术后3~5月因肺部感染死亡。1例发生超急性排斥反应,术中切除移植肾脏,行第2次尸体肾移植。5例在移植后1月内发生急性排斥反应,发生率为3.16％,其中4例经甲基强的松龙（MP)冲击治疗后逆转,另1例合并CsA肾中毒,治疗无效,恢复透析治疗。3例1年半至3年半发生慢性排斥,移植肾丧失功能。8例发生肺部感染,4例治愈。结论:活体肾移植由于术前准备充分、组织相容程度高、供肾质量好等优点,使DGF和急性排斥反应等发生率低,人肾存活率高。活体亲属供肾移植同样要重视DGF的预防,排斥反应的防治,免疫抑制剂的合理使用和继发感染等并发症的防治。加强对活体家属供者的规范选择和全面的健康评估、加强长期随访对保证减少供者伤、使供者健康存活、正常生活工作非常重要。     

公民逝世后器官捐献肝肾器官获取与修整术

目的:探讨中国公民逝世后器官捐献(CDCD)器官获取与修整的方法与技巧。方法:采用原位灌注及联合切取及体外修整的方法共进行64例CDCD供体腹部器官联合获取及修整。结果:64例CDCD器官热缺血时间范围为3-7min;冷缺血时间为6-16h。经获取和修整后的器官,成功进行64次肝移植、128次供肾移植,目前,大部分患者移植物功能良好。结论:所建立的CDCD供体腹部器官联合获取手术和修整技术,可同时为不同的移植受体提供供体肝、肾等器官,是有效的方法。     

35例活体肾移植供体安全性的随访观察

目的 探讨活体肾移植供体肾切除对供体的安全性和长期影响.方法 观察35例活体肾移植供体的选择、供肾的切除及供体长期随访.结果 35例供体肾切除手术全部成功 ,其中切取右肾32例,左肾3例.测定术前及术后7d的血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)及血压情况,发现手术前后Cr、BUN、BP均有变化,其中Cr和BP的改变较为明显.35例供体术后随访6个月～5年,发现供体Cr、BUN、BP及尿蛋白均有变化,但各观察指标的变化均无显著性差异,P>0.05.结论 从近5年的随访来看,活体供肾肾切除手术是安全可行的,术前详细地检查供体、术中仔细操作以及随访对于保障供者的安全有十分重要的意义.     

亲属活体供肾切取术式选择探讨

目的 探讨亲属活体供肾切取术式选择的策略及不同术式的临床效果.方法 回顾总结我院2004年1月至2007年6月119例亲属供肾切取的4种术式:(1)经腹部开放手术22例;(2)经腹膜后隙腹腔镜下切肾21例;(3)经腹手助式腹腔镜下切肾13例;(4)经腰部腹膜后隙开放手术切肾63例.比较开放手术与腹腔镜手术手取肾的手术时间、供肾热缺血时间、供肾动静脉长度、供肾移植后3 d内血肌酐的下降速度、供者术后平均住院日及住院费、供者术后并发症.结果 开放手术比腔镜手术组:手术时间短(P=0.0033)、供肾热缺血时间短(P=0.0001);供者术后住院时间长(P=0.0000) 住院费用多(P=0.0000);受者术后3 d血肌酐下降速度快(P=0.0001);供肾血管长(左P=0.0000,右P=0.0001).并发症:腔镜组:皮下气肿1例、DGF2例、术中腰静脉大出血改开放手术2例,开放组术后继发肾上腺大出血再手术1例.两组无移植肾丢失及供者生存意外发生.结论 开放手术与腔镜手术切取活体供肾均是安全的术式.亲属活体供肾切取术式的选择应根据供者肾脏血管的形态、供者体形、术侧、术者对术式的熟练程度综合决定.开放手术取肾稳妥、快捷;腔镜手术取肾损伤小,恢复快,供肾血管短、移植早期血肌苷下降速度慢.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.