应用Ligasure血管闭合系统在痔切除手术中的护理配合

目的 探讨Ligasure血管闭合系统(LVSS)在痔切除手术中的应用和护理配合.方法 对36例采用Ligasure血管闭合系统切除的病例在疼痛评分、住院时间、手术时间、住院费用、手术并发症等方面与30例传统痔切除手术进行统计学比较.结果 2种方法在住院费用、手术并发症无显著性差异,但Ligasure痔切除手术的疼痛评分、住院时间、手术时间明显短于传统手术(P＜0.05).结论 LVSS具有痛苦少,安全,操作方便,创伤小,缩短手术时间等特点,在熟悉手术流程和仪器操作的手术护士配合下,基本上可代替传统手术.     

提高致敏受者肾移植成功率的临床研究--附82例报告

目的观察致敏受者经严格的人类白细胞抗原(human leukocyte antigen,HLA)配型和交叉反应组(cross reactive groups,CREG)配型后行肾移植的效果,寻找提高致敏受者肾移植成功率的措施.方法对82例致敏受者按照美国联合器官调配网络(unitednetwork for organ sharing,UNOS)制定的CREG配型原则进行供、受者配型筛选,按常规方法进行肾移植及预防排斥反应,酌情使用血浆置换和静脉滴注免疫球蛋白.结果移植成功率为90%(74/82),病死率为1%(1/82),超急性排斥、加速排斥和急性排斥反应及移植肾功能延迟恢复分别为3例、5例和23例(28%)及17例(21%).成功病例术后随访12个月～58个月,未再发生急性排斥反应.按HLA配型原则,供、受者0～1、2位点错配分别为8例(10%)、20例(24%),少于CREG配型的相应位点错配38例(46%)、26例(32%),均为P＜0.05而3～4位点错配则HLA配型高于CREG配型,分别为54例(69%)、26例(32%),P＜0.05.中、重度致敏受者术后超急性排斥和加速排斥发生率明显高于轻度致敏受者组及HLA Ⅰ类抗体阳性受者,术后急性排斥发生率亦明显高于HLAⅡ类抗体阳性受者组(P＜0.05).结论严格按照HLA配型及CREG配型进行供、受者筛选,酌情应用血浆置换和静脉滴注免疫球蛋白,提高肾移植成功率有重要意义,但对重度致敏的受者行肾移植时需慎重对待.     

原发性精囊癌1例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性精囊癌的诊治方法.方法 分析收治的原发性精囊癌1例,结合文献进行复习.结果 经CT、MRI及经直肠超声(transrectal ultrasound,TRUS)引导下穿刺活检确诊为精囊腺癌,行左侧精囊肿物切除、右侧精囊切除、膀胱与前列腺部分切除及左输尿管膀胱再吻合术,术后恢复良好.现已随访23个月,未见复发转移.结论 原发性精囊癌临床罕见,术前诊断较为困难,TRUS引导下穿刺活检可明确诊断,应根据患者个体情况选择不同的根治性切除术.术后定期随访,注意是否复发转移.     

男性尿道狭窄治疗效果的多因素分析

目的：分析外伤性和前列腺术后尿道狭窄各种治疗方法的优缺点及影响因素,为临床上合理选择治疗方式、减少狭窄复发提出有益建议。方法：对本科64例外伤性和59例前列腺术后的尿道狭窄初次治疗共123例进行回顾性多因素分析。结果：64例外伤性尿道狭窄患者中,尿扩22例,20例（90．9％）复发;尿道内切开21例,16例（76．2％）复发;尿道端端吻合21例,4例（19％）复发;59例前列腺术后尿道狭窄中,尿扩16例,15例（93．6％）复发;尿道内切开37例,5例（13．5％）复发;6例切开膀胱行膀胱颈疤痕切开切除膀胱颈整形术,3例（50％）复发。结论：①经尿道疤痕切开切除治疗外伤性尿道狭窄,其疗效与狭窄长度有关,狭窄长度〈2cm复发率低,〉2121／1则复发率高。②尿道疤痕切除端端吻合治疗外伤性尿道狭窄,其疗效与狭窄长度、狭窄部位、既往手术史无关,与手术本身有关,即术中如彻底切除狭窄疤痕及坏死组织、吻合无张力则复发率低,反之则高。⑧尿扩适用于尿道黏膜下狭窄,不适用于合并有尿道海绵体纤维化的尿道狭窄。④尿道内切开是治疗前列腺术后尿道狭窄的首选方法且疗效好。     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

目的 评价欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables,EORTC风险评分表)用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者预后评估的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2009年2月收治的185例非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌患者临床资料,其中Ta128例、T1 57例;G1 87例、G253例、G345例;肿瘤数目为单发、2～7个、≥8个者分别120、36、29例;肿瘤直径＜3 cm者131例、≥3 cm者54例;伴发原位癌者6例.185例均行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,术后均行常规膀胱灌注化疗.采用电话随访方式,随访6～77个月,平均36个月.应用EORTC风险评分表进行预后风险评分,计算各评分组患者的1年复发率和进展率,并与EORTC评分表的预计值进行比较.结果 185例中1年内复发48例(25.9%),1年内出现肿瘤进展者7例(3.8%).根据患者实际情况计算,0、1～4、5～9、10～17分4组患者1年实际复发率分别为10.4%(5/48)、21.5%(14/65)、35.2%(19/54)、55.6%(10/18);0、2～6、7～13、14～23分患者1年实际进展率分别为0(0/43)、1.5%(1/67)、6.7%(4/60)、13.3%(2/15).经x2检验,结果与评分表的预计值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而低危、中危、高危3组患者1年复发率及进展率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 EORTC风险评分表可用于非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌术后复发和进展风险的短期预测,对长期预测的应用及广泛人群的适用性尚待进一步验证.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织风险评分表在非肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌中的临床应用初探

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.     

输尿管开口解剖异常时的输尿管镜“双管引导入镜法”应用体会：附12例报告

目的探讨＂双管引导入镜法＂在输尿管开口解剖异常时的价值。方法回顾分析2009年6月至2010年6月我院12例行输尿管镜检查或腔内手术的患者,术中均存在不同程度的输尿管开口异常,常规入镜方式无法将输尿管镜置入输尿管腔,改用＂双管引导入镜法＂置入输尿管镜。结果 11例患者经＂双管引导入镜法＂成功置入输尿管镜并完成后续检查或操作过程,1例因严重狭窄致入镜失败,后改开放手术。结论输尿管开口异常、特别是输尿管开口狭窄并处于高侧位的患者,在常规入镜困难的情况下,＂双管引导入镜法＂可作为一种引导输尿管镜成功置入输尿管的合理选择。     

先天性异常肾合并结石的临床治疗方法比较

目的 探讨先天性异常肾合并结石的合理治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析126例不同类型先天性异常肾合并结石的患者资料.男75例,女51例.年龄12～66岁,平均39岁.马蹄肾40例(31.8%)、重复肾51例(40.5%)、肾旋转不良35例(27.8%).结石位于左肾70例(55.6%).右肾56例(44.4%).单发结石96例(76.2%),多发结石30例(23.8%).分别采用体外冲击波碎石(ESWL,37例)、微创经皮肾镜取石术(MPCNL,41例)及开放手术(48例)治疗.结石最大径ESWL组0.8～2.2 cm,平均1.5 cm;MPCNL组1.0～4.0 cm,平均2.5 cm;开放手术组1.5～3.8 cm,平均2.7 cm.统计学比较3种方法的疗效.结果 ESWL组结石一期清除率78.4%(29/37),MPCNL组85.4%(35/41),开放手术组87.5%(42/48),3组差异无统计学意义(x2=1.39,P=0.50),3组并发症发生率分别为13.5%、9.8%、6.3%,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.28,P=0.53).1例肾旋转不良患者MPCNL术中发生较严重出血,经高选择性动脉柃塞后治愈,其余各组末发生严重并发症.结论 掌握治疗指征,ESWL、MPCNL术治疗先天性异常肾合并结石的疗效同开放手术,可作为首选方式,但仍需强调个体原则,根据异常肾的类型、结石情况以及有无梗阻等因素进行操作才能做到安全、可靠.     

微创经皮肾取石术治疗先天性异常肾合并结石

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL）治疗先天性异常肾合并结石的疗效。方法2000年1月～2007年11月,采用MPCNL治疗异常肾合并结石41例,其中马蹄肾12例,重复肾19例,旋转肾10例。单发上盏结石4例,中盏6例,下盏7例,肾盂结石3例,重复肾上肾结石4例,多发结石12例,鹿角形结石5例。结石最大直径1.0～4.0 cm,平均2.5 cm。13例合并输尿管中上段结石同时取石。结果41例均一次穿刺成功。手术时间45～210 min,平均95 min。术中出血30～150 ml,平均80 ml。一期结石清除率85.4%（35/41）,2例马蹄肾和1例重复肾患者经二次取石取净,2例重复肾和1例旋转肾患者术后配合体外冲击波碎石治疗。1例旋转肾MPCNL术后发生较严重出血（800 ml）,经高选择性动脉栓塞后治愈,其余未见严重并发症发生。41例随访5～12个月,平均6个月,无结石复发。结论MPCNL治疗先天性异常肾合并结石安全、可靠。但仍需强调个体化的原则,根据不同异常肾的类型,结石大小、位置等情况进行操作。     

腹腔镜及开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌8例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜和开放根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术治疗上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌患者的可行性和安全性。方法收集我院2004年6月至2009年3月期间收治的8例单侧上尿路肿瘤并浸润性膀胱癌行根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术及尿流改道手术患者的临床资料并进行随访分析。结果本组8例。男7例,女1例,平均年龄56岁。术前经膀胱镜、输尿管镜、B超和CT等检查证实为单侧上尿路肿瘤并浸润性膀胱癌,其中4例左肾盂癌和2例右肾盂癌合并膀胱癌,2例为左输尿管癌合并膀胱癌。2例行腹腔镜肾输尿管膀胱切除术及回肠膀胱术,平均手术时间470min,术中平均出血量275ml,均无输血,术后肠功能恢复时间为2d,下床活动时间为4d。6例患者行开放肾输尿管膀胱全切除术,其中4例行回肠膀胱术,另2例行输尿管造口术,平均手术时间366min,平均出血量767ml,平均输血量485ml,术后肠功能恢复时间为3.3d,下床活动时间平均为6.7d。8例患者术后均未出现并发症。术后病理结果 7例为尿路上皮癌,上尿路肿瘤分期分级为T2～4N0～1M0G2,膀胱癌为T2～3N0M0G3,另1例为左肾盂鳞癌T4N1M0合并膀胱鳞癌T3N0M0。术后平均随访24.6个月,鳞癌患者术后18个月因肿瘤广泛转移死亡,余7例患者无瘤生存至今。结论单侧上尿路肿瘤合并膀胱癌可行Ⅰ期根治性肾输尿管膀胱切除术,腹腔镜下行该手术是可行及安全的,较开放手术创伤小,出血少,恢复快。