拇指桡侧指动脉关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨以拇指桡侧指动脉关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣修复同指指腹缺损的临床效果。方法 2009年6月-2010年3月,收治10例10指拇指指腹缺损患者。男6例,女4例;年龄13～68岁,平均38岁。致伤原因:挤压伤4例,电刨伤3例,慢性感染2例,烫伤1例。末节指腹皮肤软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露4例,皮肤软组织缺损范围为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.0cm×1.4cm;近节指腹皮肤软组织缺损伴骨或肌腱外露6例,皮肤软组织缺损范围为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.5cm×2.0cm。病程3h～4个月。4例末节指腹缺损采用大小为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.2cm×1.5cm的拇指桡侧指动脉指间关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣修复;6例近节指腹缺损采用大小为1.0cm×0.8cm～2.6cm×2.2cm的拇指桡侧指动脉掌指关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣修复。供区游离植皮修复。结果术后皮瓣及植皮均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。10例均获随访,随访时间6～12个月,平均8个月。皮瓣质地柔软,指腹外形无臃肿,颜色与患指周围皮肤相似。末次随访时皮瓣两点辨别觉为7～10mm。拇指功能根据总主动活动度(TAM)法评定,获优8例,良1例,可1例,优良率90%。结论拇指桡侧指动脉关节皮支为蒂岛状皮瓣不损伤拇指指动脉和指神经,手术操作简便,可较好修复拇指指腹缺损。     

拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣的临床应用及血供障碍处理

目的：介绍拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床经验,并探讨血供障碍的原因及处理方法。方法：自2005年7月至2008年12月,外科治疗21例21指拇指软组织缺损,男16例,女5例;年龄16～55岁,平均39岁。应用拇指背桡侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指远节桡侧软组织缺损（4例）,拇指背尺侧动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指尺侧、指腹及甲床缺损（17例）,皮瓣旋转点指间关节近侧0.5cm,皮瓣面积2cm×1.5cm～4cm×2.5cm。结果：术中术后6例发生血供障碍,经对应处理皮瓣无坏死。随访3个月～2年,皮瓣质地优良,色素沉着轻度,外形满意,拇指掌指关节及指间关节活动范围正常。修复指腹者感觉不同程度恢复,两点辨别觉：4～10mm。结论：拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损方法简单,效果满意。蒂部长度、宽窄及受压均能影响皮瓣的血供,蒂部处理是治疗成功的关键。     

带血管神经蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损

目的介绍一种修复拇指指腹缺损的新皮瓣.方法设计以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂并带桡神经浅支分支的大鱼际桡侧逆行岛状皮瓣,修复12例拇指指腹缺损患者.皮瓣最大面积为4 cm × 3.2 cm. 结果所有皮瓣全部成活.术后随访3 ～ 19个月,伤指指腹饱满,外形美观,二点分辨觉平均为6.5 mm. 拇指指间关节和掌指关节的活动范围为81.25°和32.31°.结论以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂的大鱼际桡侧皮瓣是修复拇指指腹缺损的理想皮瓣之一.     

局部岛状皮瓣移位在复杂拇指离断伤再植中的应用

目的 总结局部岛状皮瓣移位修复伴皮肤、软组织、血管缺损的复杂拇指离断伤方法及临床效果. 方法 2003年5月-2006年3月,采用局部岛状皮瓣移位修复伴皮肤、软组织、血管缺损的复杂拇指离断伤6例.男4例,女2例:年龄14～48岁,平均23.5岁.三角带绞伤2例,旋转撕脱伤3例,爆炸伤1例.5例为单纯拇指离断伴皮肤软组织缺损,1例伴中环指复合损伤.缺损部位:近节指腹缺损4例,近节指背缺损2例,缺损范围2.0 cm×1.2 cm～2.5 cm×1.8 cm.患者损伤至入院时间30 min～6 h.在进行断指再植术的同时,2例采用食指桡侧指动脉岛状皮瓣、2例采用环指近节桡侧指动脉岛状皮瓣、2例采用食指近节背侧岛状皮瓣移位修复软组织缺损.切取皮瓣范围为2.0 cm×1.4 cm～2.5 cm×1.8 cm.供区采用令厚皮植皮修复. 结果 6例术后伤口均I期愈合,皮瓣均成活,断拇再植成功.供区植皮均成活.患者均获随访,随访时间6个月～2年.皮瓣及拇指血循环良好,再植拇指外形良好,指腹饱满,末节指腹两点辨别觉为10～12 mm,皮瓣两点辨别觉为8～10 mm.根据中华医学会手外科学会断指再植功能评定试用标准:优4例,良2例,优良率100%. 结论 采用局部岛状皮瓣期修复伴皮肤软组织血管缺损的离断拇指,能最大程度恢复再植拇指的外形和功能.     

拇指桡背侧皮神经营养皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨拇指背桡侧皮神经营养血管蒂的岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对19例拇指软组织缺损患者利用拇指背桡侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复,其中修复感觉神经15例。缺损面积：1.5cm×1.0cm～2.5cm×2.5cm;皮瓣面积：2.0cm×1.5cm～3.0cm×2.5cm。结果19例皮瓣全部成活。随访5～30个月,皮瓣外观及感觉良好,指腹两点分辨觉为6～10mm。指间关节活动范围0°～80°。结论该皮神经皮瓣手术操作简单,皮瓣外形好,部分皮瓣能恢复感觉,是修复拇指软组织缺损的理想方法。     

拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂的大鱼际逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损

目的　介绍应用拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂的大鱼际逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损的手术方法。方法　1 996年至 2 0 0 1年 ,共修复拇指指腹缺损 1 5例。皮瓣设计在大鱼际区 ,以拇指桡掌侧动脉为蒂 ,旋转点在指间关节以近。皮瓣面积最小为 1 5cm× 3 0cm ,最大为 3 0cm× 3 .5cm。结果　所有皮瓣全部成活。术后随访半年到 1年 ,指腹外观 ,皮肤弹性、色泽均良好。指腹二点分辨觉为 8～ 1 0mm。结论　拇指桡掌侧动脉逆行岛状皮瓣操作简单、血供可靠 ,是修复拇指指腹软组织缺损的较好方法。     

拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣的临床应用

目的探讨以拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣修复拇指指端伴骨外露软组织缺损疗效。方法对20指拇指末端缺损伴骨外露患者,采用拇指背动脉岛状皮瓣进行逆行转移修复。皮瓣的设计以桡神经浅支在拇指尺背支走行为轴心线,以近节指骨头近端0.5 cm为旋转点。皮瓣面积1 cm×2 cm3 cm×4.5 cm。结果20指均成活。随访36个月,拇指外形满意,指腹感觉恢复,两点辨别觉达6-8 mm。指间关节活动恢复至0°-60°。结论该术式是修复拇指指端伴骨外露软组织缺损较好术式。     

游离鱼际穿支皮瓣修复手指指腹缺损

目的探讨游离鱼际穿支皮瓣在手指外伤性指腹缺损修复术中的应用效果。方法 2019年9月-2021年11月,浙江省台州医院手足外科对79例手指外伤导致指腹缺损患者行游离鱼际穿支皮瓣移植修复手术。本组男51例,女28例,年龄17～52(37.5±5.2)岁,其中示指指腹缺损34例、中指15例、环指26例、小指4例。所有病例均采用游离鱼际穿支皮瓣进行修复,皮瓣面积为2.0 cm×2.5 cm～3.0 cm×3.5cm。所有鱼际穿支皮瓣以鱼际区域的穿支动脉和皮下浅静脉为蒂,分别与指掌侧固有动脉和指背静脉吻合,同时携带皮下神经与指掌侧固有神经缝接以重建皮瓣感觉。术中发现,27例鱼际优势穿支来源于桡动脉掌浅支,21例来源于掌浅弓,11例来源于拇指指掌侧固有动脉掌指关节穿支,10例来源于桡动脉,10例来源于拇主要动脉。本组皮瓣携带的神经来源于桡神经浅支24例、前臂外侧皮神经终末支22例、正中神经掌侧支33例。手术时间为(96.7±10.7) min。皮瓣供区全部直接闭合,无需植皮。随访方法大部分为门诊,外地及不方便来院的患者采用电话或微信方式进行。结果本组穿支皮瓣均完全成活,皮瓣供区均顺利愈合。随访时...     

大鱼际穿支皮瓣修复拇指末节指腹缺损

目的 介绍大鱼际穿支皮瓣修复拇指末节指腹缺损的手术方法及疗效。 方法 自2012年1月~2014年12月,我院收治24例拇指末节指腹缺损患者,缺损面积在1.6cm～2.6cm*1.9cm,设计范围为1.7cm*1.1cm～2.7cm*2.0cm大鱼际远端的桡侧指动脉穿支皮瓣修复缺损,供区均直接缝合。 结果 术后皮瓣全部成活,供区均I期愈合,术后随访半年～1年,皮瓣外观与健侧相似,质地及弹性好,无臃肿及瘢痕挛缩。根据中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定标准进行评定：优21,良3例。 结论 大鱼际穿支皮瓣修复拇指末节指腹缺损获得良好外观及功能,血供稳定,是简单可靠的手术技术。     

拇指桡侧指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复指腹缺损

自１９９１年起，我们设计了拇指桡侧指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指指腹缺损，临床应用１１例１１指，均获成功。皮瓣的最大面积为４．０ｃｍ×３．５ｃｍ，最小面积为２．５ｃｍ×２．０ｃｍ。经术后３个月～３．５年的随访结果证实本皮瓣修复的拇指指腹外形美观满意，耐磨，功能理想。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Dilemma of Membrane Biocompatibility and Reuse

Abstract: Numerous articles have been published on the multiple use of dialyzers and on the effect of different reprocessing chemicals and techniques on the dialyzer biocompatibility and performance. The results often appear contradictory, especially those comparing standard biocompatibility parameters. Despite this confusion, a discerning review of the published works allows certain limited conclusions to be drawn. Reprocessing of used hemodialyzers changes the biocompatibility profile of a dialyzer as defined by the parameters complement activation. leukopenia, and cytokine release. The effect of reprocessing depends on the chemicals and reprocessing technique applied and also on the type of membrane polymer being subjected to the reprocessing procedure. Reports of pyrogenic reactions indicate that the flux of the membrane also influences how suitable it is for safe reuse. An increased risk of allergic and pyrogenic reactions appears to be associated with dialyzer reuse. Furthermore, there has been a lack of investigations into the immunologic effect of the layer of adsorbed and chemically altered proteins that remains on the inner surface of reprocessed dialyzers. We conclude that the clinical benefit of dialyzer reuse cannot be generally accepted from a biocompatibility point of view.