DWI和PWI在颈部良恶性淋巴结诊断中的应用

目的探讨磁共振弥散戍像（DWI）、灌注成像（PWI）在颈部良恶性淋巴结诊断中的价值。方法使用GESignaHDx1．5T磁共振对51例颈部单侧或双侧肿大淋巴结患者行扩散加权成像（DWI）和灌注成像（PWI）,其中28例为恶性病变,23例为良性病变,均经病理证实。然后通过工作站对数据进行处理,分析淋巴结的DWI信号强度、表观扩散系数（ADC）、PWI的时间一强度曲线（TIC）。结果在DWI序列中,颈部良、恶性淋巴结均呈高信号,艮性组的ADC值为（1．658±0．176）×10^-3 mm2.S-1,恶性组的ADC值为（0．858±0．158）×10^-3mm2·s-1,恶性组的ADC值明显小于良性组（P〈0．05）。良性淋巴结的TIC曲线多表现为Ib型,而恶性多为Ia型,Ic和II型曲线敏感度、特异度不高。结论联合应用DWI和PWI,有利于颈部良、恶性淋巴结的鉴别,可提高病理性淋巴结诊断准确性。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在妇科良恶性病变中的诊断价值

目的评价磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）在妇科良恶性病变中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析73例经手术病理证实的妇科良、恶性病变的影像资料,分析、测量各种病变成分的信号强度、DWI特征及表观扩散系数（ADC）值。结果大部分宫颈癌、内膜癌及卵巢癌等妇科恶性病变在DWI上均呈异常高信号,而子宫肌瘤、畸胎瘤等良性病变DWI信号表现各异;恶性病变平均ADC值为（0.85±0.15）×10^-3mm^2/s,良性病变为（1.40±0.68）×10^-3mm^2/s,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 DWI和ADC值可显示妇科肿瘤良恶性的差异,为良恶性肿瘤的判断提供依据,可作为妇科肿瘤常规MRI的互补序列使用。     

DWI及动态增强MRI鉴别乳腺病变的对比研究简

目的比较磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）及动态增强MRI（DCE-MRI）对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析95例乳腺疾病患者中115个乳腺良恶性病灶,评价DCE-MRI半定量参数信号增强比率（SER）、早期强化率（slope）及ADC值对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。结善乳腺良恶性病变间的SER、slope及ADC值差异均有统计学意义。sER、S1Ope及ADC三者的ROC曲线下面积分别为0．89、0．73、0．91。以最大约登指数为最佳诊断切点值,则三者判断乳腺良恶性病变的敏感性分别为88％、84％、91％;特异性分别为82％、65％、80％。结论DCE-MRI及DWI对乳腺癌均有较高的诊断效能,DWI的诊断效能稍高于定量动态增强MR。     

MRI动态增强联合DWI对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别

目的:探讨MRI动态增强时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)联合弥散加权成像(DWI)对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别价值。方法:收集经手术病理证实的40例(41个病灶)乳腺病变患者的MRT1WI、T2WI、DWI(b值=800 s/mm2)和MRI动态增强扫描资料,对病灶信号特征、ADC值和增强TIC进行回顾性分析。结果:40例41个病灶中,TICⅠ型曲线,良性10个,恶性0个;Ⅱ型曲线,良性10个,恶性4个;Ⅲ型曲线,良性3个,恶性15个;Ⅳ型曲线,2个病灶均为良性病变。病灶的ADC值>1.2×10-3mm2/s的24个(其中良性21个,恶性3个);ADC值<1.2×10-3mm2/s的18个(其中恶性16个,良性2个)。结论:MRI动态增强联合DWI对乳腺病变的诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性,增强TIC类型和ADC值对乳腺病变的良恶性鉴别具有重要价值。     

MR动态增强联合扩散加权成像技术在乳腺疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨乳腺MR动态增强扫描联合扩散加权成像技术在乳腺疾病影像诊断中的价值。方法对48例女性乳腺患者进行MRI检查,先进行双侧乳腺常规MRI平扫,再进行双侧乳腺扩散加权平面回波（EPI）序列扫描,最后行乳腺动态增强扫描。通过后处理,得到病灶处表观弥散系数（ADC）值及时间-信号强度曲线。结果根据时间-信号强度曲线特点及ADC值,结合常规MRI形态学特点进行良、恶性病变诊断。MRI诊断为恶性肿瘤19例,良性病变29例。手术或活检病理结果证实MRI诊断为恶性肿瘤的19例患者中,18例为恶性肿瘤,另外1例为良性肿瘤（旺炽性腺瘤）;MRI诊断为良性病变的29例患者,手术或病理活检均证实为良性病变。MRI区分乳腺良、恶性病变的准确率为97.9%（47/48）,与手术或病理活检准确率（100%）比较差异无统计学意义（字2=0.044,P=0.834）。结论动态增强扫描联合扩散加权成像技术,可提高乳腺疾病影像诊断准确率。     

MRI同反相位成像、表观扩散系数以及弥散加权成像序列在椎体良恶性疾病鉴别中的价值

目的：探讨MRI的同反相位成像（ IP／OP）、表观扩散系数（ ADC）以及弥散加权成像（ DWI）序列在鉴别椎体良恶性疾病中的应用价值。方法选择恶性肿瘤椎体压缩骨折患者80例作为恶性组,良性疾病导致的椎体压缩性骨折80例作为良性组,均行MRI常规序列及DWI扫描,并采用双回波技术在3D快速扰相梯度回波序列中采集IP／OP图像;分析良恶性病变病例的DWI信号特点,定量测定两组椎体的ADC值、信号强度比（SIR）值和信号衰减程度（SAR）值。结果良性及恶性组病灶DWI序列均可表现为高、等、低或混杂信号,两组DWI信号改变情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;良性组ADC值为（2．24±0．31）×10－3 mm2／s,高于恶性组ADC值的（1．72±0．36）×10－3 mm2／s（P＜0．05）;良性组SIR值为0．58±0．15,高于的恶性组的1．26±0．16（P＜0．05）,良性组SAR值为0．45±0．36,低于恶性组的0．15±0．07（P＜0．05）。结论 DWI信号不能准确鉴别椎体良恶性病变,而ADC值和SIR值、SAR值具有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

DWI及DCE-MRI在良恶性骨病鉴别诊断中的应用

目的   探讨磁共振扩散加权成像（DWI）及MR动态增强成像（DCE-MRI）在良恶性骨病鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法   47例骨病患者（良性18例,恶性29例）行DWI检查,其中36例（良性14例,恶性22例）再行DCE-MRI检查。分别于DWI和动态增强图像上测量ADC值、信号增强幅度（SEE）、早期动态增强斜率值(Slope值),判断TIC曲线类型,采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线选择良恶性病变鉴别诊断的阈值,计算各参数对病变潜在恶性估计的敏感度、特异度和准确度。结果   ① 47例病例中,良恶性两组病变的ADC值分别为（171.15±46.96）×10-5mm2/s、（100.14±26.47）×10-5mm2/s（P＜0.05）;以113.3×10-5mm2/s为阈值,ADC值对病变潜在恶性评估的准确性为86.4%;② 36例病例中,TIC曲线呈Ⅲ型者24例,恶性22例（91.67%）,良性2例（8.33%）;呈Ⅱ型者5例,Ⅰ型者7例,均为良性病变。若以Ⅲ型为恶性病变,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型均视为良性病变为诊断标准,则TIC类型对病变潜在恶性评估的准确性为94.3%;③ 良恶性两组间SEE、Slope值分别为227.96±172.08、325.6±125.86（P＞0.05）;（0.97±0.67）%/s、（2.53±0.91）%/s（P＜0.05）。Slope值对病变潜在恶性估计的准确性为91.4%。结论  ①  DCE MRI比DWI更有助于鉴别骨骼系统病变良恶性,以TIC类型准确性最高,最有价值;② 良恶性病变间ADC值有一定交叉,DCE MRI存在重叠,联合应用DCE-MRI与DWI,会提高诊断的准确性和特异性。     

MR DWI联合动态增强时间-信号强度曲线对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨MRI动态增强时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）及弥散加权成像对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾分析52例经病理证实未经治疗的63个乳腺病变磁共振影像学特征,绘制TIC曲线,测量病灶的ADC值,并用ROC曲线分析.结果 乳腺良恶性病变的各TIC分型差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;良恶性病变的ADC值差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,ROC曲线下面积为0.924;ADC值联合TIC曲线综合诊断与TIC或ADC值单独诊断,其敏感性、特异性及准确率差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 ADC值与TIC曲线的联合应用,可以提高乳腺良恶性病变诊断的准确性,对鉴别乳腺病变具有重要价值.     

扩散加权成像对乳腺流出型、平台型曲线小结节灶良恶性的界定作用

目的探讨扩散加权成像（DWI）对时间．信号强度曲线呈流出型、平台型的乳腺小结节灶良恶性判别的价值。方法收集经病理证实及乳腺M刚检查动态增强曲线呈流出型、平台型的患者31例共45个小结节灶,所有患者均行DWI检查,经后处理得到ADC图,在病灶区及正常乳腺组织划感兴趣区,分别测量其ADC值。结果45个病灶中11个为良性,34个为乳癌,术前MRI以动态增强为标准,诊断正确率75．6％。同顾性分析DWI图,以ADC值1．16为临界值,良恶性病灶间表观扩散系数（ADC）值差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）;以ADC值为标准,其诊断正确率可达88．9％。结论DWI对于乳腺流出型、平台犁曲线小结节灶的良恶性具有较好的界定作用。     

联合MRI成像技术在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)及表观弥散系数(ADC值)测定联合动态增强扫描(DCE-MRI)在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取20例女性正常志愿者(对照组),60例经病理证实的女性乳腺疾病患者作为研究对象,其中良性病变18例,恶性肿瘤42例.所有研究对象均行MRI常规平扫、弥散加权成像(b值分别为500、1000 s/mm2)及动态增强扫描,比较正常乳腺、良性及恶性病变的ADC值,同时分析良、恶性病变动态增强扫描特点.结果 (1)全部病变以病理诊断为金标准,DWI显示恶性肿瘤与病理诊断符合率100％ (46/46),良性病变符合率90％ (18/20);DWI诊断敏感性达97％(64/66),对照组诊断特异性达100％ (20/20).(2)b=500 s/mm2时,正常乳腺及良、恶性乳腺病变的ADC值差异有统计学意义(F=122.43,P=0.00);b=1000 s/mm2时,正常乳腺及良、恶性乳腺病变的ADC值差异有统计学意义(F=128.46,P=0.00).不同b值下,良性病变ADC值均高于恶性(P＜0.05),正常乳腺高于良、恶性病变(P＜0.01).(3)良性、恶性病变患者DCE-MRI图像上所显示的病变部位形状、边缘、强化形式、早期峰值强化率和曲线类型两者间差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).结论 弥散加权成像及表观弥散系数测定联合动态增强扫描对乳腺良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

Meta-analysis of Quantitative Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Pancreatic Masses

There have been numerous studies done to explore the diagnostic performance of quanti- tative diffusion-weighted （DW） MR imaging to differentiate between benign and malignant pancre- atic masses. However, the results have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate whether DW-MR imaging can differentiate between these two diseases. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were utilized to find relevant articles published between January 2001 and January 2014. A Stata version 12.0 and a Meta-Disc version 1.4 were used to de- scribe primary results. Twelve studies with 594 patients, which fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were enrolled for the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of DW imaging was 0.91 （95% CI： 0.84, 0.95） and 0.86 （95% CI： 0.76, 0.93） respectively. The area under the curve of the summary re- ceiver operating characteristic was 0.95 （95% CI： 0.93, 0.96）. The results indicated that DW imaging might be a valuable tool for differentiating benign and malignant pancreatic masses.     

Value of diffusion-weighted imaging in distinguishing pancreatic carcinoma from mass-forming chronic pancreatitis: a meta-analysis

Background Several previous studies have shown that diffusion-weighted imaging （DWl） can provide additional information for focal pancreatic lesions by demonstrating more restricted diffusion in solid malignant tumors than in chronic pancreatitis, which can be indicated by a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient （ADC）. However, these studies have a modest sample size and convey inconclusive results. The aim of this study was to determine, in a meta-analysis, the diagnostic performance of quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in distinguishing pancreatic carcinoma from mass-forming chronic pancreatitis. Methods We determined the sensitivities and specificities across studies. A summary receiver operator characteristic （sROC） curve was constructed to calculate the area under the curve （AUC）. Results The pooled sensitivity of DWI was 0.86 （95% Cl： 0.80-0.91） and the pooled specificity was 0.82 （95% CI： 0.72- 0.89）. The AUC of the sROC was 0.91 （95% CI： 0.88-0.93）. Conclusions DWl may be a potentially technically feasible tool for differentiating pancreatic carcinoma from mass- forming chronic pancreatitis. However, large-scale randomized control trials are necessary to assess its clinical value.     

Evaluating transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for primary hepatic cancer by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging

Hepatic cancer is associated with very high mortality and morbidity, and the world＇s highest morbidity and mortality rates for this malignant tumor are found in China. Each year, the number of people who die of hepatic cancer in China amounts for 53% of the world total. Although resection is the first-choice treatment for hepatic cancer, only 20%-30% of patients have the opportunity to undergo resection. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） is a typical intervention therapy. Its advantages include minimal trauma, precise efficacy,     

Magnetic resonance study of the structure and function of the hippocampus and amygdala in patients with depression

Background The hippocampus and amygdala exhibit structural and functional alterations in patients with depression. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural and functional relationships between these core regions. Methods Based on the severity of their condition, 60 patients and 20 healthy controls were equally divided into four groups （mild group, moderate group, major group and health controls group）, scanned by T1-MR, functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, and susceptibility weighted imaging （SWI）. Structural image, BOLD image, and SWI image were collected for processing and analysis. The characteristics of the depression and controls were checked by analysis of variance test, and the difference between groups was checked by Dunnett＇s test. Results The volume of hippocampus and amygdala varied with the severity of the condition. The signal obtained under the stimulation of negative events was linearly decreased in the mild, moderate and major groups revealed by fMRI. The length and diameter of the lateral ventricle vein was reduced in the mild group, whereas the number of branches increased. In the moderate and major groups, the reduction in the length, diameter and increase in the number of branches of the lateral ventricle vein were greater. Conclusion The alterations of the volume, fMRI, and cerebral veins in these core regions may account for the causal relationship between structure and function.     

Comparison of Charlson’s weighted index of comorbidities with the chronic health score for the prediction of mortality in septic patients

Background Comorbidity is one of the most important determinants ot short-term and long-term outcomes in septic patients. Charlson＇s weighted index of comorbidities （WIC） and the chronic health score （CHS）, which is a component of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation （APACHE） II, are two frequently-used measures of comorbidity. In this study, we assess the performance of WIC and CHS in predicting the hospital mortality of intensive care unit （ICU） patients with sepsis. Methods A total of 338 adult patients with sepsis were admitted to a multisystem ICU between October 2010 and August 2012. Clinical data were collected, including age, gender, underlying diseases, key predisposing causes, severity-of- sepsis, and hospital mortality. The APACHE II, CHS, acute physiology score （APS）, sequential organ failure assessment （SOFA） and WIC scores were assessed within the first 24 hours of admission. Univariate and multiple Logistic regression analyses were used to compare the performance of WlC and CHS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC） was used to predict hospital mortality over classes of risk. Results Of all the enrolled patients, 224 patients survived and 114 patients died. The surviving patients had significantly lower WlC, CHS, APACHE II, and SOFA scores than the non-surviving patients （P 〈0.05）. Combining WIC or CHS with other administrative data showed that the hospital mortality was significantly associated with age, severe sepsis, key predisposing causes such as pneumonia, a history of underlying diseases such as hypertension and congestive cardiac failure, and WlC, CHS and APS scores （P 〈0.05）. The AUC for the hospital mortality were 0.564 （95% confidence interval （CO 0.496-0.631） of CHS, 0.663 （95% CI 0.599-0.727） of WIC, 0.770 （95% CI 0.718-0.822） of APACHE II, 0.856 （95% Cl 0.815-0.897） of the CHS combined with other administrative data, and 0.857 （95% CI 0.817-0.897） of the WlC combined with other adm     

益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的观察益智健脑颗粒联合针灸对阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimers disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法将大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、模型组（B组）、针灸组（C组）、益智＋针灸组（D组）各10只,B、C、D 3组分别以海马CA1区注射β淀粉样蛋白25-35（Aβ25-35）造模,A组注射等量的双蒸水,各组分别治疗20 d后行Morris水迷宫试验,观察大鼠学习记忆能力变化。结果B组较A组的平均潜伏期明显延长,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与B组比较,C组、D组的平均潜伏期明显缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;与C组比较,D组的潜伏期缩短,过台次数增多,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论益智健脑颗粒联合针灸能够提高Aβ25-35介导的AD模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

Transrectal ultrasonography-guided transperineal bilateral seminal vesicle puncture and continuous irrigation for the treatment of intractable hematospermia

Hematospermia is a rare condition, but often causes frustration. The reason for this frustration is that theexact incidence of hematospermia remains unknown and its cause is difficult to determine.^1 Many reports in the past decades have focused on the etiology of hematospermia.^2 Hematospermia is treated initially by administration of antibiotics, coagulants, and sex steroid hormones. However, some cases may prove resistant to this therapy and the condition may continue. For some intractable and agnogenic cases, the therapeutic strategy mentioned above is not very effective. Recently, we treated 63 such nonresponsive patients by direct continuous antibiotic irrigation into the bilateral seminal vesicles through puncture under transrectal ultrasonography （TRUS） guidance.     

表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂在非小细胞肺癌应用的瓶颈——获得性耐药

以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI）分子靶向治疗研究为肇始,转化性研究使基础实验和临床实践间的鸿沟迅速填平,改变着人们认识治疗肺癌的视角。无可否认,EGFR-TKI上市后极大地延伸了肿瘤学家治疗肺癌的手段,但不管从临床经验、临床研究数据、分子生物学层面还是文献计量学的角度,     

New Mechanism of Herb-herb Interaction between Ginseng and Trogopterus Based on CYPs in Rat Livers

The study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of herb-herb interaction between ginseng and Trogopterus （Trg） based on Cytochrome P450 isozymes （CYPs） in rat livers. We estimated the influence on CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A1/2 activity caused by ginseng and Trg used in combination. The CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 enzyme activity were induced by ginseng and Trg used in combination. And this induction effect was caused via inducing CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 protein expression which was supposed caused by inducing the gene expression of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.     

程丑夫教授论治情志病验案举隅

程丑夫是国家级名老中医,湖南中医药大学第一附属医院主任医师、教授、博士生导师,享受政府特殊津贴专家,出身于中医世家,从医40余年,经验丰富,对于内科系统及疑难杂症的治疗颇有心得,笔者有幸跟师学习,聆听教诲,受益匪浅,现将程师论治情志病的经典验案略陈一二。1思虑伤脾案患者肖某,女,27岁。初诊：2014年5月20日。半年前因婚变后出现忧心忡忡,多思多虑,近1月来反复腹部胀满,刻诊：腹胀,食后为甚,呃逆,无反酸,通气后可减轻,无腹痛,不欲食,夜寐不安,二便调。舌红苔厚白腻,脉弦,BP：110／70mmHg。