线粒体KATP通道开放剂尼可地尔在大鼠心肌缺血后适应中的作用

目的探讨心肌线粒体KATP通道开放剂尼可地尔药物后适应对减轻大鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的作用。方法建立大鼠体外细胞水平缺氧复氧模型,设立实验分为3组。对照组(n=6):细胞缺氧30、60 min后,复氧10 min。尼可地尔组(n=6):细胞缺氧30、60 min后,立即加入浓度100μmol/L的尼可地尔,复氧10min。5-羟基葵酸盐加尼可地尔组(n=6):细胞缺氧前即刻加入500μmol/L 5-羟基葵酸盐,随后步骤同尼可地尔组。复氧10 min后观察细胞台盼蓝染色情况。计算每组中每个标本被台盼蓝染色的细胞数占整个被计数的细胞数的百分比,即为死亡细胞百分比。结果在对照组中,缺氧30、60 min,死亡细胞百分比为(29±2)%及(40±4)%,在尼可地尔组发现在复氧即刻给予尼可地尔,可以明显减少细胞的死亡百分数,缺氧30、60 min死亡细胞数分别为(17±2)%及(28±3)%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而加入5-羟基葵酸盐则可以取消尼可地尔这种对心肌的保护作用,缺氧30、60 min死亡细胞数分别为(30±3)%及(42±4)%。结论尼可地尔是通过开放线粒体KATP通道模拟缺血后适应来减轻心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的。     

不同浓度的尼可地尔对心肌细胞膜KATP通道的影响

本实验在急性分离的豚鼠心肌细胞上,用膜片钳技术单通道记录的内面向外记录模式研究了不同浓度的尼可地尔对细胞膜KATP通道的影响.结果证实:0.1 mM的该药物不能激活KATP通道,而1 mM 的药物可明显激活细胞膜KATP通道.其电导为92.7 pS,通道的开放时间常数τO2 和开放概率较对照组(加入0 .5 mM ATP)明显增加,并可诱发通道出现二级开放.表明尼可地尔对心肌细胞膜KATP通道呈剂量依赖性激活.     

二氮嗪预处理对培养H9C2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨线粒体KATP(Mito-KATP)通道特异性开放剂二氮嗪预处理在H9C2心肌细胞缺氧、复氧损伤中的作用及其机制.方法 将培养的H9C2心肌细胞随机分为5组,即(Ⅰ)对照组;(Ⅱ)缺氧/复氧组;(Ⅲ) 二氮嗪(DZ)预处理组;(Ⅳ) 二氮嗪加ROS清除剂2-巯基丙酰氨基乙酸(MPG)预处理加缺氧/复氧组;(Ⅴ) 二氮嗪加PKC的特异性抑制剂氯化白屈菜赤碱(CH)预处理加缺氧/复氧组.对照组常规培养;缺氧/复氧组缺氧培养100min,复氧30min;其余各组则加入相应的药物预处理10min,DZ、MPG和CH的终浓度分别为200、400mmol/L和2mmol/L,更换无血清培养基培养20 min,然后再缺氧100min,复氧30 min.采用Hoechst33258染色、JC-1荧光标记和Western blotting等方法分别检测H9C2心肌细胞的凋亡率、线粒体膜电位变化和细胞色素C的释放量.结果 二氮嗪预处理能减少缺氧/复氧损伤后H9C2心肌细胞的凋亡率(P＜0.01);阻止线粒体膜电位的下降(P＜0.01);减少线粒体释放细胞色素C(P＜0.01);预处理过程中加入MPG、CH在一定程度上可抑制二氮嗪预处理的心肌保护效应.结论 缺氧/复氧损伤可通过降低H9C2心肌细胞线粒体膜电位,引发线粒体释放细胞色素C,从而诱导心肌细胞的凋亡.开放Mito-KATP通道能减轻H9C2心肌细胞的缺氧/复氧损伤,其机制可能与开放Mito-KATP通道、释放信号分子ROS和激活PKC有关.     

延胡索碱预处理对缺血再灌注心肌细胞膜L型Ca~(2+)通道动力学的影响

【目的】观察延胡索碱预处理对缺血再灌注心肌细胞膜L型Ca2+通道动力学的影响,并探讨其防治再灌注损伤的作用机制。【方法】将清洁级成年SD大鼠48只随机分为6组:延胡索碱高、中、低剂量预处理组(剂量分别为1.0、0.5、0.2 g.kg-1.d-1),缺血预处理组,模型组和假手术组,结扎左冠状动脉前降支近段30 min后再灌注60 min,之后断头放血取心脏。采用酶解技术分离大鼠心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳细胞吸附式单通道电流记录与分析方法,观察记录心肌细胞膜L型Ca2+通道平均开放概率、平均开放时间及平均电流幅值。【结果】与模型组比较,缺血预处理组和延胡索碱预处理各组心肌细胞L型Ca2+通道平均开放概率显著降低(均P0.01),但平均开放时间比较差异无显著性意义(均P0.05);与缺血预处理组比较,延胡索碱预处理中、低剂量组可降低L型Ca2+通道电流幅值(P0.05)。【结论】延胡索碱预处理防治再灌注损伤的可能作用机制与其能减少心肌细胞膜上L型Ca2+通道的开放概率,降低钙内向电流,避免细胞内钙超载,从而保护心肌细胞有关。     

庚醇／甘草次酸对大鼠心肌缺氧复氧再灌注细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究细胞间隙连接通讯(GJIC)抑制剂庚醇/甘草次酸可否减少大鼠心肌缺氧复氧再灌注诱发的心肌细胞凋亡,探讨心肌GJIC在心肌细胞凋亡中的作用。方法:制作Langendorf心脏灌流模型,随机分为正常灌注(SO)组、缺氧复氧再灌注(IR)组、缺氧复氧再灌注庚醇(HT)组和缺氧复氧再灌注甘草次酸(GA)组。于整体缺氧30min再灌注2h末测定心肌梗死面积,应用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记(TUNEL)技术检测心肌细胞凋亡;于整体缺氧30min末用改良的划痕标记染料示踪技术测定心肌GJIC。结果:与SO组相比,IR组心肌梗死面积和凋亡细胞数明显增加,但GJIC无明显变化。与IR组比较,HT组和GA组心肌梗死面积和凋亡细胞数显著减少,伴GJIC明显受抑。结论:缺氧复氧再灌注所诱发的心肌细胞凋亡与心肌GJIC密切相关,GJIC抑制剂庚醇/甘草次酸可减少心肌细胞凋亡,进而防止心肌缺氧复氧再灌注损伤。     

KATP通道开放剂对心血管系统作用的研究进展

KATP通道开放剂是一类能作用于细胞膜ATP敏感K 通道（KATP通道），使KATP通道开放，引起K 外流的制剂。近年来研究发现，KATPw通道开放剂具有扩张血管平滑肌，保护缺血心肌和使心肌细胞膜电位超极化等作用。因此，此类药物可能被用来治疗高血压病、冠心病和某些心律失常，是一类有一定发展潜力的新的心血管系统药物。1KATP通道开放剂的化学结构具有KATP通道开放作用的同一类药物，根据具体药物的不同，可归属于不同的化学门类。虽然临床上使用的两种血管扩张剂长压定（Minoxidil）和二氯嗪（Diazoxide）是通过开放KATP通道，…     

瘦素对缺氧复氧培养L02肝细胞功能和氧化产物的影响

【目的】 观察瘦素对缺氧复氧人肝脏细胞(L02)的肝功能保护和丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响。【方法】 将L02细胞分别分为正常对照组、单纯缺氧12 h复氧组和缺氧12 h复氧加不同浓度的瘦素(分别为100、200、400、800和1 600 μg/L)干预组,取细胞上清液检测谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、MDA的浓度和SOD活性;电镜检测细胞凋亡的形态学改变。 【结果】 ①与正常对照组相比,L02细胞经缺氧12 h复氧培养后,ALT和AST浓度明显升高(P < 0.01),加用不同浓度瘦素干预组ALT和AST浓度较单纯缺氧12 h复氧组下降(P < 0.01);②与正常对照组相比,L02细胞经缺氧12 h复氧培养后,MDA浓度明显升高(P < 0.05),SOD活性下降(P < 0.05),加用不同浓度瘦素干预组MDA浓度较单纯缺氧12 h复氧组下降(P < 0.05);SOD活性上升(P < 0.05);③电镜检测单纯缺氧复氧后细胞呈现明显凋亡形态学改变,加用瘦素100 μg/L处理细胞组细胞仅轻度改变。【结论】 瘦素对缺氧复氧培养导致L02肝细胞的细胞损伤有一定的保护作用;可能与瘦素抑制氧自由基生成,减少脂质过氧化有关。     

去甲肾上腺素诱导热休克蛋白70保护心肌细胞的机制

目的探讨去甲肾上腺素预处理心肌细胞后诱导心肌热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达及其对心肌细胞保护作用机制。方法 Wistar大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞培养,分为3组:对照组:心肌培养3～5天未施加任何因素;缺氧/复氧组:心肌细胞培养3～5天后,模拟缺氧(加入饱和氮气pH 6.8 D-Hank’s液培养细胞)3 h,复氧(用含20%新生牛血清的DMEM液培养细胞)孵育6 h;去甲肾+缺氧/复氧组:模拟缺氧前30 min加入100 nmol/L去甲肾,其它同缺氧/复氧组。测定心肌HSP70和bcl-2以及相关的细胞凋亡指标。结果 HSP70和bcl-2的表达在去甲肾+缺氧/复氧组明显高于缺氧/复氧组,去甲肾+缺氧/复氧组的细胞凋亡率明显低于缺氧/复氧组。结论去甲肾上腺素预处理可能通过诱导心肌组织HSP70和bcl-2高表达,发挥其对供心的保护作用。     

羟基红花黄色素A抗心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤的线粒体相关机制

目的：探讨羟基红花黄色素A（hydroxysafflor yellow A,HSYA）能否通过阻止线粒体通透性转换孔的开放从而保护心肌缺氧复氧损伤以及一氧化氮（NO）在线粒体机制中的作用。方法：采用酶解法分离大鼠心肌细胞模型,台盼蓝拒染法测定心肌细胞存活率;荧光染料四甲基罗丹明乙酯测定线粒体膜电位,分离线粒体测定其通透性转换孔开放程度。结果：HSYA（0.1 mmol/L）预处理5 min可明显提高缺氧复氧心肌细胞的存活率,对抗缺氧复氧引起的线粒体膜电位的去极化。在分离心肌线粒体模型上,HSYA（0.1 mmol/L,5 min）显著减弱CaCl2诱导的线粒体肿胀。一氧化氮合酶（NOS）抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯减弱了HSYA对缺氧复氧心肌细胞、线粒体肿胀和对线粒体膜去极化的保护作用。结论：HSYA预处理具有抗缺氧复氧损伤的作用,这种保护作用可能与其抑制线粒体通透性转换孔的开放有关。NO机制参与了HSYA的抗缺氧复氧损伤的保护作用。     

KATP通道在缺血预调中作用机制的实验研究

目的 研究缺血预调和腺苷的心肌保护作用是否与ATP敏感的钾离子通道（KATP通道）开放有关。方法 用缓冲液灌注36只离体兔心脏，保护含钾液停跳，常温缺血30min，复灌60min，并随机分成6组。第1组：对照组；第2组：缺血预调组；第3组：腺苷组（20μmol/L）；第4组：缺血预调＋格列本脲组（10μmol/L）；第5组：腺苷（20μmol/L）＋格列本脲组（10μmol/L）；第6组：＋格列本脲组（20μmol/L）。结果 与对照组相比，缺血预调和腺苷可明显改善缺血后心功能恢复，减少心肌酶的漏出，但此保护作用可被KATP通道阻断剂格列本脲消除。结论 KATP通道开放在缺血预调和腺苷的心肌保护中起重要作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.