放大内镜及实体镜检查结肠肿瘤性病变（附139例报告）

目的 探讨如何通过放大内镜观察到的大肠粘膜腺管开口类型发现早期大肠癌及癌前病变。方法 2001年8月屯002年2月结肠镜检查139例大肠病变，采用内镜下粘膜染色技术，结合放大内镜、实体显微镜观察腺管开口分型(pit分型)并与病理诊断对照，pit分型采用工藤分型。结果 139例患者中发现大肠息肉124例，进展期癌9例，侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)型病变5例，ⅡC病变1例。LST直径10～50mm，其中ⅢL型1个，Ⅳ型4个。本组放大内镜与病理、实体镜诊断符合率较高。结论 大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性、非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义，如发现有V型腺管开口时则高度提示早期癌的可能。     

大肠平坦型病变的诊治分析

目的:探讨大肠平坦型病变的诊治新方法。方法:对2540例结肠镜检查采用内镜下粘膜染色技术,结合放大内镜观察腺管开口分型(pit分型),并与病理诊断对照,肿瘤性病变与部分非肿瘤性病变进行粘膜切除。结果:共检出平坦型病变196例,其中IIa151个,其腺管开口为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、ⅢL型、Ⅳ型分别有20、96、34、1个。Ⅱb25个,腺管开口均为Ⅱ型;Ⅱa+Ⅱc9个,8个腺管开口为ⅢL型,1个为VN型,病理证实为粘膜内癌;LST有11个,其腺管开口为Ⅱ型、ⅢL型、Ⅳ型分别有1、2、8个。肿瘤性病变全部行内镜粘膜切除术。结论:大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤、非肿瘤病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义,V型腺管开口高度提示早期癌的可能,内镜下粘膜切除术为大肠平坦型病变切除安全、有效的方法。     

采用腺管开口分型和内镜黏膜切除术诊治大肠肿瘤

目的 探讨早期大肠癌及癌前病变的诊治新方法。方法 2000年11月-2001年8月结肠镜检查1250例采用内镜下黏膜染色技术。结合放大内镜,实体显微镜观察腺管开口分型（pit分型）,并与病理诊断对照,pit分型采用工藤分型。内镜黏膜切除术50例次。结果 282例患者发现大肠隆起,扁平等不同病变共478个。共检出大肠黏膜内癌3例。黏膜下癌1例,进展期癌57例,其中Ⅱa,Ⅱb,Ⅱa Ⅱc病变44个,LST型病变16个,直径16-58mm,其中Ⅱ型1个,ⅢL6个,Ⅳ8个,Ⅴa型1个,2例黏膜内癌,1例Ⅱa Ⅱc病变,肿瘤已浸润到浅肌层,内镜下行内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）或内镜下分片黏膜切除术（EPMR）治疗50例次,包括侧向发育肿瘤（LST）病变14个,Ⅱa病变22个,Ⅱb病变14个,结论 大肠腺管开口对于判断肿瘤性,非肿瘤性病变以及早期大肠癌具有重要意义,Ⅴ型腺管开口高度提示早期癌的可能,内镜下黏膜切除术适合于大肠平坦型病变的切除。为完全,有效的方法。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的放大内镜及病理特征分析

目的探讨大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）的镜下形态、腺管开口类型和病理特征间的关系。方法对10例LST可疑病变行0.3%靛胭脂喷洒染色,确定病变范围后以放大肠镜观察腺管开口类型,作病理活检并与术后病理类型对照。结果10例LST患者内镜下大体形态分型：颗粒均一型3例,结节混合型6例,扁平隆起型1例。腺管开口类型：ⅢL型4例,Ⅳ型6例,未发现Ⅴ型腺管开口。术后病理类型：管状腺瘤4例,伴腺体轻度异型增生;管状绒毛状腺瘤5例,均伴腺体中-重度异型增生,其中1例合并粘膜内癌;绒毛状腺瘤1例,腺体重度异型增生,伴黏膜内癌。术前内镜活检与术后病理结果一致者仅3例。结论大肠侧向发育肿瘤并非少见。内镜下黏膜染色结合放大内镜观察可有效确定病变范围、形态和腺管开口类型,初步判定病理类型以指导治疗。LST镜下形态以结节混合型多见,术后病理类型多为管状绒毛状腺瘤。腺管开口类型多为Ⅳ型。Ⅳ型腺管开口的病变也可合并早期大肠癌。内镜下活检不能代替术后病理检查。     

大肠粘膜腺管开口分型对粘膜病变的诊断价值

目的：采用放大内镜和粘膜染色技术判断粘膜腺管开口分型，探讨腺管开口分型对诊断大肠粘膜病变性质的价值。方法：在大肠内镜检查中，发现病变后对病灶进行靓胭脂染色，采用放大内镜观察病灶粘膜腺管开口形态，按Kudo分型作病灶性质判断，并与切除或活梭组织作组织病理比较。结果：在223处病灶中，放大内镜根据腺管开口分型诊断为炎性息肉、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、凹陷型肿瘤和大肠癌的病理符合率分别为96．9％、97．3％、91．6％、100％及100％，总病理符合率为97．8％。结论：放大内镜结合粘膜染色技术判断腺管开口分型对大肠粘膜的病变性质有较高的病理符合率，能较好地区分肿瘤与非肿瘤性病变、良性与恶性病变，有利于决定合适的治疗方式。     

内镜下大肠黏膜微细结构改变中BRCA1蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的:通过检测BRCA1蛋白在大肠黏膜微细结构改变中的表达,探讨BRCA1蛋白在不同大肠黏膜病变腺管开口分型中表达的临床意义?方法:根据Kudo分型方法,染色放大内镜下大肠黏膜病变腺管开口分为Ⅰ~Ⅴ型;其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ型为非肿瘤性病变,ⅢL~Ⅳ型为腺瘤,Ⅴ型为癌性病变,所有病变诊断结果均由病理学证实?应用免疫组化方法检测活检组织BRCA1蛋白的表达?结果:染色放大内镜下检出Ⅰ~Ⅴ型息肉样病变256枚,其中非肿瘤性病变(73例),肿瘤性病变(183例);随着大肠腺管分型序数的递增,BRCA1蛋白的阳性表达率逐渐增加,各腺管分型之间的差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.000 1);癌性病变BRCA1蛋白的阳性率明显高于腺瘤性病变和非肿瘤性病变(P < 0.000 1)?结论:随着大肠腺管分型序数的递增,BRCA1蛋白的阳性率逐渐增加,尤其在内镜诊断的大肠癌性病变中有着较高的表达率?因此,染色放大内镜下观察大肠黏膜微细结构改变的同时联合检测BRCA1蛋白的表达有助于大肠癌的早期发现?     

结肠微小病变在放大染色内镜下黏膜剥离术的临床应用研究

目的探讨结肠微小病变在放大染色内镜下的形态与病理组织学关系及行为镜下的治疗。方法回顾分析我院从2005-05～2006-06门诊申请结肠镜检查的病人260例中发现18例病人,通过放大染色内镜对大肠腺管开口形态观察,判断病理组织学类型。结果18例病人发现21处大肠平坦型病变,其中13例为大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（LST）,男9例,女4例。21处病变镜下大体分型为颗粒均一型13处;8处为结节混合型。病变最大为25 mm×36 mm,最小为10 mm×14 mm。腺管开口类型主要以Ⅳ为主。结论通过放大染色内镜对大肠腺管开口形态观察可以大致预测病理组织学诊断以及早期大肠癌的浸润深度。由于对于病变的性质可以即时判断,从而对于是否可以内镜下治疗或手术治疗的选择做出即时选择。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤25例诊治报告

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)是指起源于大肠粘膜的一类隆起型病变,这类病变极少向肠壁深层垂直侵犯,而主要沿粘膜表面呈侧向浅表扩散,故被称为侧向发育型肿瘤。大肠LST的病变形态和发生发展有一定的特殊性,不同于一般的腺瘤,并与大肠癌的关系密切。目前大肠LST在国内尚未见报道。本文对2000年12月~2001年10月作者所在医院常规肠镜检查中发现的25例大肠LST患者的诊断及治疗进行了总结分析。该25例病例共发现26处病变,内镜下大体分型为颗粒均一型11处,结节混合型15处;病理检查发现粘膜内癌3例,锯齿状肿瘤2例;病变大小11~20mm6处,21~30mm9处,31mm以上11处,其中最大者60mm×72mm,最小者11mm×12mm。26处病变的腺管开口类型以Ⅳ型为主,占61.54%(16/26);ⅤA型2处,与另1处Ⅳ型共3处病理诊断为粘膜内癌;ⅢL型8处,病理诊断为管状绒毛状腺瘤。25例病例全部在发现病变的同时或择期进行粘膜剥离或分片粘膜剥离治疗,全部病例未发生任何出血或穿孔等并发症。     

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤内镜下的诊断及治疗

目的探讨大肠侧向发育型肿瘤（Laterally Spreading Tumor,LST）内镜下的诊断与治疗价值,以及LST的临床意义。方法使用Olympus CF—Q260AI和CF—H260AZI电子肠镜,对2008年6月至2009年6月在我院作肠镜检查的患者（共3962例）,在发现病变后采用0．4％靛胭脂行病变粘膜染色,放大内镜观察,确定病变腺管开口分型,择期进行粘膜剥离切除术（EMR）或分片粘膜切除术（EPMR）治疗。结果检出LST患者26例,检出率0.66％,病变数31个,其中直肠11个,乙状结肠5个,降结肠2个,横结肠4个,升结肠9个;颗粒均一型11个,结节混合型18个,扁平隆起型2个;表现为ⅢL型腺管开口7个（22．6％）,Ⅳ型腺管开口19个（61．3％）,兼有ⅢL型及Ⅳ型腺管开口5个（16．1％）。全部病例行EMR或EPMR治疗,未发生任何出血或穿孔等并发症。3个（9．7％）病理提示局部癌变。结论提高LST的临床检出率须应用粘膜染色技术和放大内镜。LST的腺管开口大多数表现为ⅢL型或Ⅳ型,而ⅢL型腺管开口多为管状腺瘤,Ⅳ型腺管开口多为绒毛状腺瘤,LST与大肠癌关系密切,对其应足够重视。治疗上采用内镜下粘膜剥离术是安全可行的。     

内镜智能分光比色技术下大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨内镜智能分光比色(FICE)下大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)的诊断及内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）对LST的治疗价值。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年1月FICE染色放大内镜诊断LST的腺管开口分型，及ESD治疗LST的疗效，术后腺管开口分型与病理结果对比。结果64例LST患者中，腺管开口Ⅱ型4例、ⅢL型35例、Ⅳ型20例、Ⅴi型5例。病理结果提示4例Ⅱ型患者均为炎性息肉，35例ⅢL型患者中管状腺瘤21例，管状绒毛状腺瘤15例，20例Ⅳ型患者中管状绒毛状腺瘤1例，绒毛状腺瘤16例，早癌3例，5例Ⅴi型患者中绒毛状腺瘤1例，早癌4例。ESD治疗LST的术后安全有效。结论放大内镜诊断LST与病理诊断符合率高， LST恶性程度高，可尽早采用ESD进行治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.