软骨藻酸对人神经胶质瘤细胞的氧化损害及血红素氧化酶-1表达的诱导

目的探讨软骨藻酸(domoicacid)对人神经胶质瘤(H4)细胞的氧化损害及对血红素氧化酶-1(hemeoxygenase-1,HO-1)蛋白的诱导。方法对体外培养的H4细胞分别给予0.064、0.64、6.4μmol/L软骨藻酸,24h后测定各剂量组与对照组细胞生存率、丙二醛(MDA)含量,并采用免疫组化和流式细胞术检测HO-1蛋白表达。结果在四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法(MTT)实验中H4细胞生存率随软骨藻酸剂量增大而下降,呈明显的剂量依赖关系。各剂量组MDA含量与对照组差异均有显著性(P<0.01),6.4μmol/L组MDA含量与0.064μmol/L组差异也有显著性(P<0.01)。免疫组化显示,对照组细胞胞浆HO-1弱阳性染色,0.064、0.64、6.4μmol/L组分别呈低、中、高密度阳性染色。流式细胞术显示各剂量组HO-1荧光强度与对照组差异均有显著性(P<0.01),6.4μmol/L组与0.064μmol/L组差异也有显著性(P<0.01)。结论软骨藻酸对H4细胞具有细胞毒作用和氧化损害作用,并可能通过氧化损害间接诱导HO-1蛋白表达增多。     

软骨藻酸对小鼠脑组织HO-1蛋白表达的影响

目的　研究软骨藻酸 (domoicacid)对小鼠脑组织丙二醛 (MDA)含量及血红素氧化酶 -1(hemeoxygenase-1,HO -1)蛋白表达的影响。方法　小鼠连续 5d腹腔注射软骨藻酸染毒后 ,采用硫代巴比妥酸 (TBA )法测定小鼠脑组织中MDA含量 ,并用免疫组织化学方法检测小鼠脑组织中HO -1分布及表达。结果　低剂量 (1/ 90LD5 0 )组海马、高剂量 (1/ 10LD5 0 )组大脑皮层和海马MDA含量明显升高 ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5)。对照组大脑皮层和海马HO -1阳性细胞平均光度 (A)分别为 0 0 953± 0 0 2 52和 0 0 940± 0 0 3 0 4;低剂量组皮层和海马A分别为 0 14 10± 0 0 40 7和 0 14 0 6± 0 0 3 54,与对照组相比 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5) ;高剂量组大脑皮层和海马A分别为 0 162 6± 0 0 3 74和 0 160 4± 0 0 3 2 5,与对照组相比 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　软骨藻酸对小鼠大脑皮层和海马具有氧化损害作用 ,并诱导皮层和海马HO -1蛋白表达增多     

过氯酸铵对大鼠甲状腺的毒作用

目的　研究过氯酸铵 (AP)对甲状腺的毒作用影响。方法　用Wistar大鼠 88只 ,随机分为 4组 ,分别经口染毒 13周和 36周。染毒 13周 ,3个组AP剂量分别为 12 9、2 5 7、5 14mg·kg-1·d-1,1个对照组则饮水 ;染毒 36周 ,3个组AP剂量分别为 1.2、4 6 .5、4 6 5 .0mg·kg-1·d-1,1个对照组则饮水。观察大鼠活动表现及体重变化 ,检测血清中甲状腺激素水平及观察其病理改变。结果　不同时间AP染毒后大鼠活动未见异常 ,体重增长亦无明显差异。染毒 13周 ,5 14mg组游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3 2 .4 8pmol/L)、游离甲状腺素 (FT413.33pmol/L)均低于对照组 (3.2 4、2 0 .92pmol/L) ,促甲状腺激素 (TSH 0 .38mIU/L)、甲状腺球蛋白 (TG 3.37μg/L)均高于对照组 (0 .2 9mIU/L、2 .0 0μg/L) ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;其他组各指标差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;染毒 36周 ,4 6 5mg组FT3 (2 .6 5pmol/L)明显低于对照组 (4.97pmol/L) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;4 6 .5、4 6 5mg组FT4(10 .6 3、2 .17pmol/L)明显低于对照组 (15 .74pmol/L) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;4 6 5mg组TSH(0 .34mIU/L)与对照组 (0 .14mIU/L)比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;1.2mg组各指标均未见明显损害变化。镜检 1.2mg组甲     

血清瘦素对青春期女生月经初潮的影响

【目的】　探讨血清瘦素在女生青春期发育中的作用。　【方法】　健康女生 13 2名 ,调查月经初潮时间 ,测定血清瘦素、雌二醇、促卵泡成熟激素、黄体生成激素、胰岛素水平 ,采用多元Logistic回归模型分析女生青春期发育的影响因素 ;同时连续两年观察 ,分析血清瘦素对女生月经初潮的影响。　【结果】　末次研究已初潮组血清瘦素( 180 5 .6± 13 2 .1)pmol/L、促卵泡成熟激素 ( 5 .9± 0 .3 )lU/L、黄体生成激素水平 ( 8.9± 0 .4)IU/L、胰岛素 ( 6.8± 0 .5 )mIU /L均明显高于未来潮组 ( 12 11.1± 88.1) pmol/L、( 3 .5± 0 .3 )IU /L、( 6.4± 0 .3 )IU/L (P <0 .0 1)、( 3 .5± 0 .4)mIU /L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,雌二醇 ( 13 .7± 0 .8) pmol/L则无明显变化 ( 12 .6± 0 .7)pmol/L(P >0 .0 5 )。多因素分析显示血清瘦素 (OR =1.193 ,P <0 .0 5 )、黄体生成激素 (OR =1.2 5 3 ,P <0 .0 1)、胰岛素 (OR =1.3 18,P <0 .0 1)、体重 (OR =1.2 81,P <0 .0 1)为女生青春期发育的独立影响因素。初次资料分析 ,初潮前组血清瘦素 ( 10 3 4.9± 13 2 .1) pmol/L、黄体生成激素水平 ( 2 .9± 0 .5 )IU/L、体重 ( 2 6.8± 0 .8)kg明显高于未来潮组 ( 70 4.5± 66.0 ) pmol/L、( 1.6± 0 .3 )IU /L、( 2 3 .5± 0 .5 )kg (P     

铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响

目的　了解铅对作业工人甲状腺功能的影响。方法　选择暴露于铅作业环境下的人群 ,了解工人作业工龄 ,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其作业环境中铅浓度 ,用原子吸收光谱法测定作业工人血铅 (PbB)浓度 ,用血液锌原卟啉测定仪测定血锌原卟啉 (ZPP)浓度 ,用放射免疫分析法检测血清中促甲状腺素 (TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3)、甲状腺素 (T4 )、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4 (FT4 ) 5项甲状腺功能指标。结果　血铅 >2 .88μmol/L时 ,T3[(1 .54± 0 .39)nmol/L]、FT3[(5 .50± 1 .2 6)pmol/L]含量明显低于血铅 (1 .92～ 2 .88) μmol/L组 [T3(1 .71± 0 .45)nmol/L、FT3(6 .1 2± 1 .64)pmol/L] ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5)。铅作业工龄长短对甲状腺激素 (TH)含量未见明显影响。结论　高浓度血铅可能抑制了T4 的脱碘 ;铅作业工龄对甲状腺功能未见明显影响     

血清锂可作为食物和补充物摄取的顺应性标记物

在饮食试验中 ,志愿者服用了加有锂 ( 2 5 0μmol/d)的酸乳酪 ,5 0 0 ml,共 6周。结果血清锂由 ( 0 .9± 0 .3)μmol/L增加至 ( 6.6± 1 .5 )μmol/L ,揭示是高度顺应性 ,但个体间血清锂浓度差异较大。为了解是顺应性差异还是自然变异 ,受试者在监督下服锂 ( 2 5 0μmol/d)共 1 3d。血清锂由 ( 0 .1 4± 0 .0 3) μmol/L增加至 ( 3.39± 0 .8) μmol/L,提示尽管具有 1 0 0 %的顺应性 ,但血清锂个体间差异巨大 ,然而 ,个体内变异小 ,在 4个不同日测量的血清锂 CV为 7%。而服用半量锂 ( 1 2 5 μmol/d) 2 d,血清锂显著降低 ,第 1 d平均下降 1 .0 μmol/L( P <0 .0 0 0 1 ) ,第2 d下降 0 .3μmol/L( P =0 .0 0 0 4 )。因此 ,血清锂浓度变化≥ 1 .0 μmol/L,提示顺应性改变。     

双酚A对人胚肝细胞L-02的毒性作用研究

[目的]探讨双酚A对肝细胞L- 0 2的毒性作用及可能损伤机制。[方法] 1、10、5 0、10 0 μmol/L浓度的双酚A作用肝细胞L 0 2后,检测双酚A对肝细胞L-0 2的存活率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)含量变化、细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因P5 3、caspase3mRNA表达的影响。[结果]双酚A处理后,肝细胞L 0 2的存活率随着双酚A浓度的增加而下降,在≥5 0 μmol/L浓度,细胞的存活率显著降低(P <0 .0 1)。双酚A诱导肝细胞L -0 2中的SOD含量降低(P <0 .0 1) ,GSH和MDA含量在1μmol/L明显降低(P <0 .0 5 ) ,而后随着剂量的增加升高明显(P <0 0 1)。CAT水平先随着剂量的增加而升高到10 μmol/L的(10 5 .68±9.63 )U/g蛋白,而后随着剂量的增加而显著降低(P<0 .0 1)。≥5 0 μmol/L浓度的双酚A能明显诱导肝细胞L 0 2凋亡和P5 3、caspase3mRNA的表达升高(P <0 .0 1)。凋亡率从对照组的(8.16±0 .0 7) %上升到10 0 μmol/L的(17.2 0±1.2 5 ) % ,5 0、10 0 μmol/L浓度P5 3和caspase3mRNA表达分别是对照组的(1.42±0 .2 5 )、(1.65±0 .13 )、(1.41±0 .12 )和(1.77±0 .0 6)倍。[结论]双酚A对肝细胞L 0 2具有细胞毒性和氧化损伤作用,并能诱导肝细胞L 0 2发生凋亡和P5 3、caspase3mRNA的表达升     

牛磺酸对大鼠染铅所致贫血的疗效

[目的 ]探讨牛磺酸 (Tau)对大鼠染铅所致贫血的治疗作用。 [方法 ] 40只Wistar大鼠随机均分为 5组 :①空白对照组 ;②染铅组 :醋酸铅 40mg/(kg·d)连续灌胃 4周 ;③Tau治疗 1、2、3组 :与染铅组相同处理 4周后分别以 10 0、40 0、80 0mg/(kg·d)Tau灌胃 4周。实验第 8周末测定各组大鼠血红蛋白 (Hb)含量及红细胞 (RBC)数 ,并处死动物 ,颈动脉取血 ,测定血铅和血清丙二醛 (MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)水平。 [结果 ]①Tau 10 0mg/kg组和Tau 40 0mg/kg组大鼠Hb分别为 ( 13 1.98± 6.83 )g/L和 ( 13 6.2 5± 5 .97)g/L ,与染铅组大鼠Hb( 118.74± 5 .3 5 )g/L相比明显升高 ,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 1)。②Tau 10 0mg/kg、Tau 40 0mg/kg组大鼠RBC分别为 ( 4 .71± 0 .40 )× 10 12 /L和 ( 4 .89± 0 .44 )× 10 12 /L ,与染铅组大鼠RBC( 3 .5 3± 0 .19)× 10 12 /L相比明显升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。③Tau 10 0mg/kg、Tau 40 0mg/kg组大鼠血铅水平分别为 ( 2 .47± 0 .2 8) μmol/L、( 2 .3 4± 0 .48) μmol/L ,与染铅组大鼠血铅 ( 3 .5 4± 0 .75 ) μmol/L相比明显降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。④Tau 10 0mg/kg和 40 0mg/kg组大鼠血清MDA含量分别为 ( 4 .96± 0 .5 5 )nmol/ml和 ( 4 .45     

大连市孕妇血硒含量的研究

用新极谱法测定辽宁省大连市健康孕妇血样 1 90例 ,患孕高症孕妇血样 86例。血硒含量分别为 1 1 3 .2± 43 .8μg/ L、93 .7± 3 6.1 μg/ L,两者间有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,健康孕妇血硒含量是患孕高症孕妇血硒含量的 1 .2倍。胎膜早破孕妇血样 3 8例 ,血硒含量为 1 0 6.4± 3 5 .2μg/ L,与健康孕妇血硒含量无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但也明显低于健康孕妇的血硒含量。     

新生儿高胆红素血症总胆汁酸的变化

目的 :探讨新生儿高胆红素血症总胆汁酸 ( TBA)的变化。方法 :将 15 8例新生儿高胆红素血症患儿按病因分成溶血性、感染性和母乳性 ;按胎龄分成早产儿和足月儿 ,治疗前和治疗后测定并比较 TBA值。结果 :感染性 TBA值( 38.4± 8.9μmol/ L )较溶血性 TBA值 ( 19.2± 9.6μmol/ L )及母乳性 TBA值 ( 18.8± 6 .4μmol/ L )高 ,经方差分析 ,有非常显著性差异 ;早产儿 TBA值 ( 2 5 .0± 3.5μmol/ L )较足月儿 TBA值 ( 18.0± 10 .2μmol/ L )明显增高 ( P<0 .0 1) ;治疗后 TBA值( 15 .6± 9.6μmol/ L )较治疗前 TBA值 ( 2 1.5± 6 .9μmol/ L )明显降低 ( P<0 .0 1)。结论 :新生儿高胆红素血症可造成 TBA值增高 ,尤以感染性高胆红素血症为著。 TBA是监测新生儿高胆红素血症肝胆功能的敏感指标     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.