超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检术在肺疾病中的早期诊断研究

目的：研究超声支气管镜引导下经支气管针吸活检术（EBUS‐TBNA ）在肺疾病的早期诊断中的高效性、安全性和并发症。方法选取2013年5月至2014年5月胸部CT提示胸内包块或纵隔淋巴结肿大的28例患者行EBUS‐TBNA ,穿刺标本行病理学检查。结果28例患者中23例行EBUS‐TBNA检查,EBUS‐TBNA诊断出肺癌患者10例,转移性肿瘤4例,淋巴瘤3例,结核病3例,结节病2例,炎性患者1例。EBUS‐TBNA诊断恶性肿瘤率高达74．0％,比预期诊断率明显升高（53．2％,P＜0．01）。EBUS‐TBNA诊断准确率：肺癌91．0％;淋巴瘤100．0％;转移性肿瘤75．0％;结核75．0％,结节病50．0％,炎性病变100．0％。所有行EBUS‐TBNA检查患者,仅有2例出现轻度缺氧,1例出现出血症状。结论 EBUS‐TBNA针对早期诊断呼吸疾病特别是纵隔肿块,是一种高效、微创、安全的检查手段。     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术对纵隔和（或）肺门占位性病变的诊断价值

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术（EBUS－TBNA）是本世纪初开始国外报道逐渐增多的一项新技术,在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期以及判断纵隔和肺门肿大淋巴结性质方面具有很高的敏感性、特异性和准确性,改变了呼吸疾病支气管镜下活检的操作方式[1],目前在欧美、日本等发达国家EBUS－TBNA已得到广泛开展,并有逐步取代纵隔镜检查的趋势[2]。近年来对280例胸部CT检查提示纵隔和（或）肺门淋巴结肿大住院患者进行EBUS－TB－NA检查,临床结果满意,现报道如下。     

经支气管针吸淋巴结活检是否都需要EBUS引导？

30年前,美国约翰·霍普金斯医院王国本教授发表了一系列文献,开创性地奠定了常规经支气管针吸活检（cTBNA）技术的地位,该技术具有实用、方便、安全等特点。直至超声支气管镜引导下的经支气管针吸活检（EBUS—TBNA）的引入,cTBNA技术仍是不明原因纵隔淋巴结肿大诊断的首选标准方法。     

IPASS临床研究公布不同EGFR分子标记物改变对临床疗效的影响

气道内超声—针吸活检（endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle,EBUS。TBNA）技术已经广泛应用于评价肺癌患者的纵隔淋巴结分期。尽管有相当多的临床研究报道EBUS-TBNA评价纵隔淋巴结分期的安全性和有效性,但是由于单个研究的样本量相对较少,难以得出准确的结论。英国Adams等收集并复习1960—2008年发表的TBNA／EBUS-TBNA相关医学文献365篇。其中针对纵隔淋巴结分期的有25篇．最后有10篇文献可用于统计分析。     

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术诊断肺癌的配合及护理研究

目的探讨实时超声支气管镜引导下的经支气管针吸活检术（EBUS—TBNA）诊断肺癌的配合及护理干预措施。方法回顾分析解放军总医院2010年11月～2012年5月60例经胸部CT或PET—CT检查显示为纵膈和（或）肺门淋巴结肿大和（或）胸内气管旁肿块（≥1cm）患者行EBUS—TBNA的资料。将患者分为两组,每组各30例,对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上给予术中配合及心理护理,并对两组患者的呼吸困难程度和情绪反应进行测量,比较并发症的发生率。结果护理干预对呼吸网难症状及情绪反应的影响：观察组患者的焦虑、抑郁程度明显低于对照组[观察组：（8．14±1．33）、（4．96±1．78）分],对照组：（16．22±5．30）、（14．28±4．20）分]VAS评分明显高于对照组[观察组：（58．62±9．57）分,对照组：（11．24±3．47）分1（P〈0．05）;观察组并发症发生率为6．67％,对照组并发症发生率为33．33％,两组比较差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论做好超声支气管镜引导下的经支气管针吸活检术的护理配合,对提高肺癌诊断率,避免并发症具有重大意义。     

经纤支镜纵隔淋巴结针吸活检对肺癌TNM分期诊断中的应用

目的　探讨经纤维支气管镜 (纤支镜 )纵隔淋巴结针吸活检在肺癌TNM分期诊断中的作用和效果。方法　运用Wang氏纵隔淋巴结穿刺定位方法 ,结合CT片对纵隔淋巴结进行定位 ,在常规纤支镜检查中分别对 5 0例 77组淋巴结进行针吸活检。结果　经纤支镜针吸活检 (TBNA)的诊断率为 61.5 %,与CT引导下检查的结果相似。所有患者均无明显并发症。结论　运用Wang氏定位方法对纵隔淋巴结行TBNA检查方便 ,安全 ,诊断率高 ,可作为肺癌TNM病理分期的首选方法     

经支气管针吸术在肺癌诊断中应用的临床分析

目的：分析经支气管针吸术在支气管腔外病变或伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大的肺癌诊断中的价值。方法回顾性总结分析60例对支气管腔外病变或纵隔淋巴结肿大的拟诊肺癌患者行TBNA检查的临床资料。结果60例患者中TBNA检查确诊肺癌的有41例,阳性率68．33％（41/60）,常规活检、刷检的阳性率分别为13．33％（8/60）、8．33％（5/60）。TBNA诊断阳性率分别高于常规活检、刷检,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论对于支气管腔外病变或纵隔淋巴结肿大的肺癌患者,TBNA是一种安全和有效的诊断方法,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

经支气管针吸活检术在支气管管腔通畅的肺及纵隔病变中的诊断价值

目的 探讨经纤维支气管镜纵隔淋巴结针吸活检术在支气管管腔通畅的肺及纵隔病变诊断中的临床价值.方法 对33例常规纤维支气管镜检查支气管管腔内未见肿块及明显外压,但伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大患者进行纵隔淋巴结针吸活检,直接涂片后送检.经支气管针吸活检术(transbronchial needle aspiration,TBNA)完成后,再以毛刷在穿刺点处刷检,如果可见局部黏膜增厚或充血水肿需另行活检.比较TBNA与黏膜活检联合刷检的诊断率,评价TBNA的有效性及安全性,并分析其影响因素.结果 27例伴有肺内占位性病变的纵隔淋巴结肿大患者经TBNA确诊17例,诊断率为63.3％;6例单纯纵隔淋巴结肿大患者经TBNA确诊1例,诊断率为16.7％;全部33例患者的TBNA诊断率为54.5％,高于支气管黏膜活检联合刷检的诊断率(15.2％)(P＜0.01).TBNA诊断率受淋巴结大小影响,淋巴结直径大于2cm的患者TBNA诊断率高(P＜0.01);另外TBNA诊断 率还受淋巴结部位的影响,在伴有肺内占位性病变的患者中,7组淋巴结的TBNA阳性率高于非7组淋巴结(P＜0.05).TBNA并发症少,绝大多数患者仅穿刺点有少许出血.结论 TBNA是一项有效、安全的检查手段,对支气管管腔外病变或肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大的确诊具有重要意义,尤其在纤维支气管镜检查支气管管腔通畅的情况下.     

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术的应用进展

经气管镜超声引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)是用于诊断纵隔淋巴结等病变的最新微创检查方法。利用电子支气管超声内镜头端固化搭载的超声探头可实现在超声图像实时监视下的穿刺活检,大大提高了经支气管针吸活检术的准确性和安全性。现主要介绍EBUS-TBNA的技术方法、适应证、禁忌证、敏感性、特异性、准确性以及并发症和处理方法。     

经支气管针吸活检失败后立即行超声内镜引导下细针穿刺术在鉴别纵隔淋巴结病变中的作用：一项前瞻性研究

背景:经支气管针吸活检术(TBNA)与超声内镜引导下细针穿刺术(EUS-FNA)是创伤性最低的纵隔淋巴结病变诊断手段。快速原位细胞病理学评价(ROSE)有助于判断是否需要在同一时段内进行二次操作。该研究目的是评估在纵隔淋巴结病变的单程检查模式中TBNA-ROSE选择性联合应用即时EUS-FNA的效用性。方法:选取20例经CT证实需要行细胞病理学检查的纵隔淋巴结病变患者(男性12例,年龄66.7±10.2岁),首先行支气管镜下TBNA-ROSE,如果结论不明确,则在ROSE后立即行EUS-FNA。所有的步骤均在患者处于局部麻醉与镇静的状况下进行。结果:13例…     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术对肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿瘤和结核的诊断价值

目的探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术（EBUS-TBNA）在肺门、纵膈淋巴结恶性肿瘤和结核诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年9月在四川大学华西医院呼吸内镜中心接受EBUS-TBNA检查的553例患者的临床及病理资料,统计EBUS-TBNA对肺门、纵膈淋巴结肿瘤和结核的诊断敏感性、特异性和准确率。结果EBUS-TBNA诊断肺门、纵膈淋巴结恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为89.2%（263/295）、100.0%（247/247）和94.1%（510/542）。针吸活检组织查见肉芽肿诊断结核的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为65.0%（76/117）、97.2%（385/396）和89.9%（461/513）。标本组织行抗酸染色和TB-PCR的102例中,查见抗酸杆菌或TB-PCR任一项阳性诊断结核的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确率为63.7%（58/91）、90.9%（10/11）和66.7%（68/102）。结论EBUS-TBNA诊断肺门和纵膈肿瘤具有较高的敏感性和特异性,并可联合抗酸染色和TB-PCR联合诊断肺门和纵膈淋巴结结核。     

超声引导下经支气管针吸活检 在胸部疾病诊断中的意义

目的 探讨超声引导下经支气管针吸活检（EBUS-TBNA）在诊断胸部疾病中的应用价值。 方法 选取2016 年3 月—2019 年3 月在石家庄市第一医院行EBUS-TBNA 检查的患者110 例。所有患者行 EBUS-TBNA 检查前接受CT 或正电子发射型计算机断层扫描显像（PET-CT）进行初步筛查。在彩色多普 勒超声指导下,经活检针（18 G）对110 例纳入对象行穿刺活检,以病理检查结果作为金标准,分析EBUSTBNA 在胸部疾病诊断中的应用价值,计算其相应的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。 分析EBUS-TBNA 与病理诊断的一致性,明确Kappa 值。结果 经CT 或PET-CT 初步筛查,110 例受检者中, 疑似胸部恶性肿瘤81 例（73.64%）,疑似结核病29 例（26.36%）。经手术病理诊断,81 例疑似胸部恶性肿瘤 患者中,75 例（92.59%）确诊为恶性肿瘤;29 例疑似结核病患者中,22 例（75.86%）确诊为结核病。EBUSTBNA 诊断胸部恶性肿瘤与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.749（95% CI ：0.711,0.904）。EBUS-TBNA 诊断结核病与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.731（95% CI ：0.703,0.917）。EBUS-TBNA 诊断恶性瘤纵隔 淋巴结转移与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.604（95% CI ：0.697,0.825）。110 例受检者中,2 例（1.82%） 存在轻微不适,但均对该检查方式耐受。结论 EBUS-TBNA 对胸部恶性肿瘤、结核病及恶性瘤纵隔淋巴结 转移的诊断有较高价值,与手术病理诊断呈高度一致性,且安全性高。     

超声内镜引导下支气管针吸活检在肺癌及纵隔病变中的诊断价值

 目的   探讨超声内镜引导下支气管针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA) 在肺癌及纵隔病变中的诊断价值。 方法   收集复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸内科2015年1至12月就诊病例,对经胸部CT或PET-CT检查显示肺门或纵隔淋巴结肿大及胸内气管、支气管旁肿块的368例患者行EBUS-TBNA检查,回顾分析其临床资料。结果   368例患者经病理学检查确诊恶性肿瘤252例,其中经EBUS-TBNA穿刺活检确诊恶性肿瘤232例,368例患者经EBUS-TBNA共穿刺387组淋巴结,气管、支气管旁肿块56例。EBUS-TBNA诊断肺癌敏感性和特异性分别为92.1%和100%。368例患者经穿刺病理或治疗随访考虑良性病变116例,其诊断符合率为92.9%。结论   对于不明原因的肺门及纵隔肿块、纵隔淋巴结肿大的患者,EBUS-TBNA是一种有效、安全的诊断方法,有较高的诊断特异性和敏感性,可为肺癌手术治疗的准确分期提供帮助。     

Application of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions

Background  Mediastinal lesions are often difficult to diagnose in clinical practice because of the unique anatomical position of the mediastinum, which makes performance of biopsy difficult. The value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node staging has been widely accepted. However, few studies have been conducted on the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal lesions. The current study was conducted to investigate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities.

Methods  We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with isolated mediastinal lesions without lung abnormalities for whom endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration examination was performed at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University People’s Hospital, between September 2009 and December 2010. For patients who could not be diagnosed with endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, surgical biopsy or more than 6 months of clinical and imaging follow-up was carried out. 

Results  Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration was performed for 60 patients with isolated mediastinal lesions. Correct diagnosis was made in 48 cases. Nineteen cases were malignant, and 29 were benign. The rate of correct diagnosis was 80%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in distinguishing benign from malignant mediastinal lesions were 95%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The examination was tolerable for all patients. No associated complications were observed. 

Conclusion  Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration is a safe and effective method of diagnosing mediastinal lesions.

     

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration of undiagnosed mediastinal lymphadenopathy

Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA） can sample the enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes which are unreachable by conventional bronchoscopy.It is a relatively simple and safe method to see beyond the bronchial tree.We describe and discuss its initial application and our experience.Methods From July 2009 to December 2009, 52 patients with undiagnosed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were accessed with EBUS-TBNA in the People＇s Liberation Army General Hospital.Conventional bronchoscopy was performed before EBUS-TBNA, and patients with endobronchial lesions were excluded from this study.Smears fixed in 95% alcohol and histological specimens fixed in formalin were sent to Department of Pathology.Results EBUS-TBNA was diagnostic in 33 （63%） patients, with diagnosis of lung cancer in 23 patients （14 patients of small cell lung cancer, eight patients with adenocarcinoma, and one patient of squamous carcinoma）.Four patients, who had negative EBUS-TBNA results, were later diagnosed with malignancy at thoracotomy.One patient with negative EBUS-TBNA results died of cancer cachexia.The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of neoplastic disease were 85%, 100%, 100%, and 50% respectively.Among the 16sarcoidosis patients, who were diagnosed by a combination of the clinical and radiological information as well as pathological results obtained by EBUS-TBNA, nine of them had granulomas and benign lymphoid cells detected by EBUS-TBNA.The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis were 56%, 100%, 100%, and 13%, respectively.Five patients with no definite diagnosis from EBUS-TNBA examination are under close follow-up.Conclusions EBUS-TBNA can provide a safe and effective method to sample mediastinal leisions suspected of malignancy.It also adds pathological information needed to make the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.     

First 30 endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirations: a single institution’s early experience

Background  A new technique developed in 2002, real time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), has been one of the most important tools in lymph nodes (LNs) staging before lung cancer surgery. EBUS-TBNA was introduced into China in 2008.

Methods  Between June 2009 and October 2009, 30 patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy and thoracic masses previously detected with CT scan underwent EBUS-TBNA without rapid onsite cytological examination.

Results  From 30 patients, 33 samples were obtained from LNs and seven samples from intrapulmonary lesions. Twenty out of the 23 lung cancer diagnoses were clarified through the procedure, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy being 87%, 100%, 100%, 70% and 90%, respectively. All three false negative cases were found in the first five procedures. Additionally, among the 33 LNs examined, three specimens that had no lymphocytes were also found within the first five procedures. There were no major complications, and the procedures were uneventful.

Conclusions  EBUS-TBNA seems a safe and effective technique in making diagnosis for mediastinal/hilar LNs and intrapulmonary masses. For pulmonologists experienced in bronchoscopy, the sensitivity of the procedure for diagnosing lung cancer should be no less than 90% after the initial five procedures .

     

超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检对肺部及纵隔病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)在胸内病变诊断中的应用价值.方法 对89例影像学检查提示胸内病变的患者[肺部病变者56例,确诊肺癌需进行N分期者7例,单纯纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大者21例,纵隔占位5例]行EBUS-TBNA,穿刺物行细胞及组织病理学检查.结果 89例患者均顺利完成EBUS-TBNA,无一例发生并发症.76例穿刺阳性;5例穿刺阴性;5例因穿刺标本不满意而无法统计.56例肺部病变者中诊断恶性肿瘤45例,良性疾病5例,可疑癌3例;穿刺阴性1例;标本不满意而无法统计2例.7例确诊肺癌需进行N分期者中穿刺结果提示转移5例;穿刺阴性2例.21例单纯纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大者中诊断恶性肿瘤3例,良性疾病13例;穿刺阴性2例;标本不满意而无法统计3例.5例纵隔占位者均诊断为恶性肿瘤.3例可疑癌患者中1例经CT引导下穿刺、2例经临床随访观察诊断为恶性肿瘤.确诊肺癌而穿刺阴性的2例患者中1例手术后病理证实有淋巴结转移;1例PET-CT检查未见淋巴结转移.另3例穿刺阴性者经临床随访观察均诊断为良性疾病.EBUS-TBNA的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为95%、100%、100%及20%.结论 EBUS-TBNA是诊断胸内病变的一种安全、有效的方法.     

EBUS-TBNA明确诊断纵隔结核的CT影像学表现

目的 研究增强CT 联合超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA) 明确诊断的纵隔结核病例的临床及影像学特点,提高确诊率.方法 对10 例影像学表现以肺门、纵隔病变为主,临床疑诊为结核病的患者,行EBUS-TBNA 检查,分析其临床特点及影像学特点.结果 10 例经增强CT 联合EBUS-TBNA 以及试验性抗结核治疗,9 例明确纵隔结核诊断,1 例诊断为结节病.患者年龄17-71 岁,平均(39±16.82) 岁.发热、咳嗽为常见症状,咳痰症状少见.纵隔结核好发部位为4R 区、7 区及2R 区淋巴结,增强CT 常表现为不均匀强化、环形强化.结论 纵隔结核临床及影像学表现有其特点,增强CT 结合EBUS-TBNA 有助于诊断.     

EUS-FNA和EBUS-TBNA联合诊断纵隔病变的应用探讨

目的探讨超声内镜引导下的细针吸活检术(EUS-FNA)和气管超声内镜引导针吸活检术(EBUS-TBNA)联合诊断纵隔病变的应用价值。方法对16例影像学检查提示纵隔病变的患者行EUS-FNA或EBUS-TBNA,穿刺标本均行病理和细胞学检查。结果 16例患者穿刺成功率100%,未发生明显并发症。联合应用EUS-FNA和EBUS-TBNA的诊断率为81.3%(13/16),其中行EUS-FNA2例,诊断率为100%(2/2);行EBUS-TBNA 14例,诊断率为78.6%(11/14)。16例通过穿刺诊断的患者中,有11例得到明确组织分型,细胞学和病理学诊断率分别为81.3%(13/16)和68.8%(11/16)。通过离心后细胞块免疫组化检查,可使组织分型诊断率提高38.5%(5/13)。结论联合应用EUS-FNA和EBUS-TBNA能扩大穿刺技术对纵隔病变的诊断范围,提高诊断水平。离心后的细胞块免疫组化检查可提高EUS-FNA和EBUS-TBNA的诊断率和组织分型的诊断率。