EBUS-TBNA与PET/CT在不明原因纵隔淋巴结肿大诊断中的价值

目的比较支气管超声引导针吸活检术(endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)和电子发射断层显像/X线计算机体层成像(positron-emission tomography and computed tomography,PET/CT)用于不明原因纵隔淋巴结肿大诊断的价值,并探讨EBUS-TBNA和PET/CT联合应用的意义。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院呼吸科自2010年12月至2011年8月采用EBUS-TBNA诊断前已采用PET/CT检查的45例不明原因纵隔淋巴结肿大患者的临床资料。所有患者在进行EBUS-TBNA检查前接受普通白光支气管镜检查,均未发现支气管内病变。对于EBUS-TBNA未能明确诊断的患者,可行外科手术切除,并经至少6个月以上的临床和影像学随访。结果EBUS-TBNA诊断恶性纵隔淋巴结的敏感性为81.48%(22/27)、特异性100%(18/18)、阳性预测值100%(22/22)、阴性预测值78.26%(18/23)、准确性88.89%(40/45);PET/CT诊断恶性纵隔淋巴结的敏感性为92.59%(25/27)、特异性55.56%(10/18)、阳性预测值75.76%(25/33)、阴性预测值83.33%(10/12)、准确性77.78%(34/45),EBUS-TBNA在诊断的特异性(P=0.003)和阳性预测值(P=0.016)方面优于PET/CT。结论EBUS-TBNA在不明原因纵隔淋巴结肿大的诊断方面有较高的价值;与PET/CT联合应用,可使EBUS-TBNA诊断恶性纵隔淋巴结出现假阴性结果的状况得到改善。     

First 30 endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspirations: a single institution’s early experience

Background  A new technique developed in 2002, real time endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), has been one of the most important tools in lymph nodes (LNs) staging before lung cancer surgery. EBUS-TBNA was introduced into China in 2008.

Methods  Between June 2009 and October 2009, 30 patients with mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy and thoracic masses previously detected with CT scan underwent EBUS-TBNA without rapid onsite cytological examination.

Results  From 30 patients, 33 samples were obtained from LNs and seven samples from intrapulmonary lesions. Twenty out of the 23 lung cancer diagnoses were clarified through the procedure, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy being 87%, 100%, 100%, 70% and 90%, respectively. All three false negative cases were found in the first five procedures. Additionally, among the 33 LNs examined, three specimens that had no lymphocytes were also found within the first five procedures. There were no major complications, and the procedures were uneventful.

Conclusions  EBUS-TBNA seems a safe and effective technique in making diagnosis for mediastinal/hilar LNs and intrapulmonary masses. For pulmonologists experienced in bronchoscopy, the sensitivity of the procedure for diagnosing lung cancer should be no less than 90% after the initial five procedures .

     

Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in intrapulmonary lesions

Background Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration （EBUS-TBNA） is considered to have high value in the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer. The current study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA in intrapulmonary lesions located near the central airway. Methods From September 2009 to March 2013, 66 patients with pulmonary masses located close to the central airways suspected to be lung cancer were accessed by EBUS-TBNA. Conventional bronchoscopic biopsy before EBUS-TBNA was nondiagnostic in all cases. If EBUS-TBNA did not result in a formal pathological diagnosis of malignancy, patients were subsequently referred for a surgical procedure. ResuLts Among the 66 cases, 59 were confirmed as pulmonary malignancies by EBUS-TBNA, of which 48 cases were non-small cell lung cancer, nine were small cell lung cancer, and two were metastatic lung tumors. No evidence of malignancy was found by biopsy and histopathological examination in the other seven cases. Thoracoscopy or thoracotomy was subsequently undergone for them. Postoperative pathological examinations confirmed three cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, one case of lymphoma, two cases of sclerosing hemangioma, and one case of pulmonary tuberculoma. The definitive diagnosis rate of EBUS-TBNA for intrapulmonary lesions near the central airway was 89.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA in distinguishing benign from malignant intrapulmonary lesions were 93.7%, 100.0%, and 93.9%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% and 42.9%, respectively. The EBUS-TBNA procedures were well-tolerated by all patients. No associated complications were observed. Conclusions For intrapulmonary lesions near the central airway highly suspected of cancer, EBUS-TBNA has satisfactory diagnostic value. However, the negative predictive value of this technique is low, so negative results obtained by EBUSTBNA should be confirmed by other methods.     

超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检对肺部及纵隔病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)在胸内病变诊断中的应用价值.方法 对89例影像学检查提示胸内病变的患者[肺部病变者56例,确诊肺癌需进行N分期者7例,单纯纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大者21例,纵隔占位5例]行EBUS-TBNA,穿刺物行细胞及组织病理学检查.结果 89例患者均顺利完成EBUS-TBNA,无一例发生并发症.76例穿刺阳性;5例穿刺阴性;5例因穿刺标本不满意而无法统计.56例肺部病变者中诊断恶性肿瘤45例,良性疾病5例,可疑癌3例;穿刺阴性1例;标本不满意而无法统计2例.7例确诊肺癌需进行N分期者中穿刺结果提示转移5例;穿刺阴性2例.21例单纯纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大者中诊断恶性肿瘤3例,良性疾病13例;穿刺阴性2例;标本不满意而无法统计3例.5例纵隔占位者均诊断为恶性肿瘤.3例可疑癌患者中1例经CT引导下穿刺、2例经临床随访观察诊断为恶性肿瘤.确诊肺癌而穿刺阴性的2例患者中1例手术后病理证实有淋巴结转移;1例PET-CT检查未见淋巴结转移.另3例穿刺阴性者经临床随访观察均诊断为良性疾病.EBUS-TBNA的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为95%、100%、100%及20%.结论 EBUS-TBNA是诊断胸内病变的一种安全、有效的方法.     

Endobronchial Ultrasound Elastography for Diagnosing Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Nodes

Background:

Pathophysiological processes, such as malignancy, can lead to the formation of stiffer tissue in lung cancers. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) elastography is a novel technique for measuring tissue stiffness during EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The current study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of EBUS elastography for mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis in lung cancers.

Methods:

From January 2014 to January 2015, 40 patients suspected of lung cancer were enrolled, and a total of 68 lymph nodes were evaluated by EBUS-TBNA. EBUS-guided elastography of lymph nodes was performed prior to EBUS-TBNA. Standard EBUS characteristics were also described. Pathological determination of malignant or benign lymph nodes was used as the gold standard for this study. If EBUS-TBNA did not result in a formal pathological diagnosis of malignancy, patients were referred for a surgical procedure. Comparisons of elastography and standard EBUS characteristics were made between benign and malignant lymph nodes.

Results:

Elastography grading scores and strain ratios showed significant differences between benign and malignant lymph nodes (P = 0.000). The elastography strain ratio was more sensitive and specific for determining malignant lymph nodes than elastography grading score or standard EBUS criteria. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the elastography strain ratio showed an area under the curve of 0.933. The best cut-off point of the strain ratio for differentiating malignant from benign lymph nodes was 32.07. The elastography strain ratio had a sensitivity of 88.1%, the specificity of 80.8%, positive predictive value of 88.1%, and negative predictive value of 80.8% for distinguishing malignant from benign nodes. The overall accuracy of elastography strain ratio was 85.3%. The strain ratio of malignant and benign lymph nodes positively correlated with the elastography grading score (r = 0.561, P = 0.000).

Conclusions:

EBUS elastography can be effectively used to predict mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastases in lung cancer. This noninvasive technique may thus complement standard EBUS and help guide EBUS-TBNA procedures.     

超声内镜引导下支气管针吸活检在肺癌及纵隔病变中的诊断价值

 目的   探讨超声内镜引导下支气管针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA) 在肺癌及纵隔病变中的诊断价值。 方法   收集复旦大学附属中山医院呼吸内科2015年1至12月就诊病例,对经胸部CT或PET-CT检查显示肺门或纵隔淋巴结肿大及胸内气管、支气管旁肿块的368例患者行EBUS-TBNA检查,回顾分析其临床资料。结果   368例患者经病理学检查确诊恶性肿瘤252例,其中经EBUS-TBNA穿刺活检确诊恶性肿瘤232例,368例患者经EBUS-TBNA共穿刺387组淋巴结,气管、支气管旁肿块56例。EBUS-TBNA诊断肺癌敏感性和特异性分别为92.1%和100%。368例患者经穿刺病理或治疗随访考虑良性病变116例,其诊断符合率为92.9%。结论   对于不明原因的肺门及纵隔肿块、纵隔淋巴结肿大的患者,EBUS-TBNA是一种有效、安全的诊断方法,有较高的诊断特异性和敏感性,可为肺癌手术治疗的准确分期提供帮助。     

超声支气管镜引导下针吸活检术对孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大的诊断价值

  目的  评估超声支气管镜引导下经支气管镜针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)对孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大(IMHL)的诊断价值，分析IMHL的病因分布。  方法  收集上海市肺科医院和宁波大学医学院附属医院2018年8月—2019年1月胸部CT显示孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大并至少一次EBUS-TBNA检查的124例患者临床资料，回顾性分析EBUS-TBNA病理学、细胞学和微生物学检查结果，同期进行纵隔镜检查或随访，得到最终结果，分析IMHL的病因分布，并评估EBUS-TBNA的诊断价值。  结果  共穿刺208个淋巴结，平均每例1.68个，124例IMHL患者中118例获得病因诊断结果，诊断率为95.2%。其中结节病43例(占34.7%)，淋巴结结核23例(占18.5%)，肿瘤21例(占16.9%)。11例为肺恶性肿瘤术后复发，淋巴瘤3例(占2.4%)，淋巴结反应性增生28例(占22.7%)，6例诊断不明。EBUS-TBNA对肿瘤的诊断率最高，为95.2%，对结核的诊断率为82.6%，对结节病的诊断率为48.8%。EBUS-TBNA对IMHL的总体诊断率为72.6%，特异性为100.0%，阴性预测值为50.0%。  结论  孤立性纵隔/肺门淋巴结肿大的常见病因是结节病、淋巴结结核和肿瘤，EBUS-TBNA对孤立性纵隔肺门淋巴结肿大的病因诊断是一种敏感性高且安全的初步检查方法。      

超声引导下经支气管针吸活检 在胸部疾病诊断中的意义

目的 探讨超声引导下经支气管针吸活检（EBUS-TBNA）在诊断胸部疾病中的应用价值。 方法 选取2016 年3 月—2019 年3 月在石家庄市第一医院行EBUS-TBNA 检查的患者110 例。所有患者行 EBUS-TBNA 检查前接受CT 或正电子发射型计算机断层扫描显像（PET-CT）进行初步筛查。在彩色多普 勒超声指导下,经活检针（18 G）对110 例纳入对象行穿刺活检,以病理检查结果作为金标准,分析EBUSTBNA 在胸部疾病诊断中的应用价值,计算其相应的敏感性、特异性、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。 分析EBUS-TBNA 与病理诊断的一致性,明确Kappa 值。结果 经CT 或PET-CT 初步筛查,110 例受检者中, 疑似胸部恶性肿瘤81 例（73.64%）,疑似结核病29 例（26.36%）。经手术病理诊断,81 例疑似胸部恶性肿瘤 患者中,75 例（92.59%）确诊为恶性肿瘤;29 例疑似结核病患者中,22 例（75.86%）确诊为结核病。EBUSTBNA 诊断胸部恶性肿瘤与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.749（95% CI ：0.711,0.904）。EBUS-TBNA 诊断结核病与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.731（95% CI ：0.703,0.917）。EBUS-TBNA 诊断恶性瘤纵隔 淋巴结转移与病理诊断一致性检验Kappa 值为0.604（95% CI ：0.697,0.825）。110 例受检者中,2 例（1.82%） 存在轻微不适,但均对该检查方式耐受。结论 EBUS-TBNA 对胸部恶性肿瘤、结核病及恶性瘤纵隔淋巴结 转移的诊断有较高价值,与手术病理诊断呈高度一致性,且安全性高。     

结节病累及纵隔淋巴结的增强MDCT表现特征

目的 明确结节病累及纵隔淋巴结的增强多层螺旋CT (MDCT)强化特征及解剖分布,提高对结节病的诊断准确性。方法 收集经病理或临床证实的39例结节病增强MDCT表现,回顾性分析增大纵隔淋巴结大小、形态、强化特征及解剖分布。结果 39例病例中,33例 （85%）增大淋巴结呈均匀强化,6例 （15%）呈均匀强化合并环形强化;增大淋巴结常优势累及纵隔10R区 （37例,95%）,10L区 （35例,90%）,2R区 （27例,69%）, 7区 （27例,69%）,5区 （23例,58%）。结论 增强MDCT能显示增大纵隔淋巴结强化特征及优势解剖分布,有助于对结节病的诊断。     

气道内超声定位下经支气管针吸术对肺癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨气道内超声定位下经支气管针吸术(TBNA)在肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法:对33例支气管镜检查呈外压性隆起,和/或有纵隔或肺门淋巴结转移的可疑肺癌患者行气道内超声检查,在超声定位下行TB-NA。术前常规支气管镜均未能确诊,且不能通过经皮肺穿刺获取病变组织。结果:33例患者中,1例支气管镜示外压性隆起,超声显示为血管,未行穿刺,32例行TBNA,诊断肺癌敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为96.3%、100%和96.9%,其中诊断肺癌26例(81.3%)、淋巴结结核3例(9.4%)、结节病1例(3.1%)、2例未能明确诊断(1例外科手术后病检证实为结核)。全部患者未出现任何与穿刺相关严重并发症。结论:气道内超声是一项安全、有效的新型内镜检查辅助工具,它能帮助定位支气管腔外病灶和纵隔、肺门淋巴结,引导TBNA,为肺癌诊断和分期提供了一种新的方法,具有微创、准确、安全的特点。     

支气管内超声引导针吸活检术对肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿瘤和结核的诊断价值

目的探讨支气管内超声引导针吸活检术（EBUS-TBNA）在肺门、纵膈淋巴结恶性肿瘤和结核诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年9月在四川大学华西医院呼吸内镜中心接受EBUS-TBNA检查的553例患者的临床及病理资料,统计EBUS-TBNA对肺门、纵膈淋巴结肿瘤和结核的诊断敏感性、特异性和准确率。结果EBUS-TBNA诊断肺门、纵膈淋巴结恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为89.2%（263/295）、100.0%（247/247）和94.1%（510/542）。针吸活检组织查见肉芽肿诊断结核的敏感性、特异性和准确率分别为65.0%（76/117）、97.2%（385/396）和89.9%（461/513）。标本组织行抗酸染色和TB-PCR的102例中,查见抗酸杆菌或TB-PCR任一项阳性诊断结核的敏感性、特异性和诊断准确率为63.7%（58/91）、90.9%（10/11）和66.7%（68/102）。结论EBUS-TBNA诊断肺门和纵膈肿瘤具有较高的敏感性和特异性,并可联合抗酸染色和TB-PCR联合诊断肺门和纵膈淋巴结结核。     

纵隔镜检查在胸部结节病诊断中的价值

目的探讨纵隔镜检查术在胸部结节病诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析北京大学人民医院胸外科自1999年11月至2004年6月,30例胸部影像学检查发现纵隔肿大淋巴结,但临床难以明确诊断,经纵隔镜检查术后确诊为结节病患者的临床资料。这些患者均经纵隔镜活检,获取气管周围、胸骨后、隆突下以及双侧肺门等部位的肿大淋巴结并送病理检查。结果本组患者术前诊断为恶性病变者17例,包括纵隔转移癌8例、肺癌6例、恶性淋巴瘤3例;良性病变者13例,包括结节病12例、纵隔淋巴结核1例。术后全部经病理证实为胸部结节病,其中Ⅰ期24例,Ⅱ期6例。术前术后诊断符合率40％(12／30),有57％(17／30)的患者术前误诊为恶性肿瘤,其中3例结节病患者因术前误诊肺癌或淋巴瘤,已在外院接受了化疗。30例患者均手术顺利,无手术死亡及并发症。结论纵隔镜检查术安全、可靠,对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期胸部结节病是一种有效的诊断和鉴别诊断方法。     

电视纵隔镜在胸部疾病中的临床应用

目的:探讨电视纵隔镜检查术在肺癌术前分期、纵隔疾病诊断中的价值。方法:12例纵隔镜均在全麻下行颈入路完成,其中单纯纵隔结节或肿物需要明确诊断者8例,确诊为肺癌伴有纵隔淋巴结肿大需明确临床病理分期者4例。结果:12例经过纵隔镜手术的病例均成功取得需要检测的组织,活检成功率100%。最终病理结果包括结节病5例,肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移3例,结核2例,慢性淋巴结炎1例。结论:电视纵隔镜在纵隔不明原因肿物的诊断和肺癌术前准确分期的临床应用中是一种安全,有效的重要手段。     

气管内超声实时引导经支气管针吸术对肺癌纵隔肺门淋巴结的诊断价值

目的 研究气管内超声实时引导经支气管针吸术(EBUS-TBNA)对肺癌纵隔和肺门淋巴结的诊断价值及安全性.方法 2008年7-12月,对25例[男18例,女7例,年龄(68±9)岁]诊断为肺癌或疑为肺癌且CT检查显示纵隔或肺门淋巴结肿大患者的28组淋巴结行EBUS-TBNA(EBUS-TBNA组).以2008年1-月由同一操作者因相同适应证而进行常规经支气管针吸术(C-TBNA)的26例患者[男18例,女8例,年龄(66±8)岁)]的28组淋巴结为对照(C-TBNA组).以穿刺针抽吸物检查找到特异性细胞物质或淋巴细胞为阳性结果.比较2组的诊断阳性率及并发症发生情况.结果 EBUS-TBNA组诊断阳性率为92.9%(26/28),明显高于C-TBNA组(60.7%,17/28,χ2=8.114,P=0.004).2组均未发现气胸、气道撕裂、出血(>5 ml)等并发症.结论 气管内超声实时引导可显著提高经支气管针吸术对肺癌患者纵隔和肺门淋巴结的诊断阳性率,且安全性高,应进一步开展应用研究.     

气道内超声弹性技术对肺癌患者肺门纵膈淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的：探讨气道内超声弹性成像技术对肺癌患者肺门纵膈淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法：选取拟手术治疗的肺癌患者40例,术前予以超声支气管镜检查、淋巴结支气管内超声及弹性成像检查,并予以支气管内超声引导下的经支气管针吸活检术。通过比较良恶性淋巴结的超声弹性成像特征及弹性成像评分法与常规超声影像学特征诊断恶性淋巴结准确性差异,评估气道内超声弹性成像技术鉴别淋巴结良恶性的价值。结果：1)常规超声影像学特征中鉴别良恶性淋巴结差异有统计学意义的指标包括低回声、回声不均、边界清楚、短径大于1 cm (均P<0.01);2)气道内超声弹性成像评分在良恶性淋巴结中差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);3)弹性评分法对良恶性淋巴结的鉴别明显优于常规超声图像特征中的任何一种。弹性评分≥2.5分诊断恶性淋巴结的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)最大,其诊断恶性淋巴结的特异度、敏感度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为76.9%,85.7%,85.7%及76.9%,诊断的准确率为82.3%。联合指标中以弹性评分联合低回声、边缘清晰、直径大于1cm诊断价值最大,AUC为 0.911,诊断恶性淋巴结的特异度、敏感度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为84.6%,88.1%,90.2%及81.5%,诊断的准确率为86.8%。 结论：超声支气管镜下弹性成像技术能有效实现对肺癌患者肺门纵膈淋巴结良恶性的鉴别,比传统的淋巴结支气管内超声的图像准确率高。弹性评分联合常规超声图像特征能提高诊断效率。     

气管内超声引导下经支气管针吸活检在胸部恶性疾病诊断和肺癌个体化治疗中的价值

目的 评价气管内超声引导下经支气管针吸活检(endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration,EBUS-TBNA)在胸部恶性疾病诊断和指导肺癌个体化治疗中的应用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2012年5月—2015年12月期间91例纵隔或肺门淋巴结肿大或毗邻气道的肿块的胸部恶性疾病患者EBUS-TBNA的诊断结果和24例患者EBUS标本的EGFR突变检测结果。 结果 共对227个纵隔、肺门淋巴结和23个肿块实施TBNA。4R和7组是最常受累的纵隔淋巴结;经EBUS-TBNA确诊86例,诊断恶性胸部疾病总体敏感度为94.5%,特异度为100.0%,准确度为94.5%。确诊病例中肺腺癌、小细胞癌、鳞癌和无法分型的非小细胞肺癌分别占确诊总例数的55.8%(48/86)、26.7%(23/86)、7.0%(6/86)和5.8%(5/86)。宫颈癌、结肠癌和食管癌和肾癌纵隔淋巴结转移各1例;超声图像分析表明:类圆形淋巴结[长短径之比(L/S)<1.5]、不均质回声、边界清晰、中央淋巴门结构消失和不规则血供在恶性病变中是常见征象;EBUS-TBNA标本EGFR敏感突变率为70.8%,病理标本和液基细胞标本EGFR突变阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.509 1,P=0.47);本组共17例轻微不良反应,均对症治疗后缓解或自行缓解。 结论 EBUS-TBNA操作简单、安全性高,对胸部恶性疾病的诊断和指导肺癌的个体化治疗有重要应用价值。      

EBUS-TBNA明确诊断纵隔结核的CT影像学表现

目的 研究增强CT 联合超声内镜引导下经支气管针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA) 明确诊断的纵隔结核病例的临床及影像学特点,提高确诊率.方法 对10 例影像学表现以肺门、纵隔病变为主,临床疑诊为结核病的患者,行EBUS-TBNA 检查,分析其临床特点及影像学特点.结果 10 例经增强CT 联合EBUS-TBNA 以及试验性抗结核治疗,9 例明确纵隔结核诊断,1 例诊断为结节病.患者年龄17-71 岁,平均(39±16.82) 岁.发热、咳嗽为常见症状,咳痰症状少见.纵隔结核好发部位为4R 区、7 区及2R 区淋巴结,增强CT 常表现为不均匀强化、环形强化.结论 纵隔结核临床及影像学表现有其特点,增强CT 结合EBUS-TBNA 有助于诊断.     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检对纵隔和腹膜后淋巴结转移癌的诊断价值

目的:探讨超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)对纵隔和腹膜后淋巴结转移癌的诊断价值,并评价EUS-FNA的安全性.方法:回顾性分析119例纵隔和/或腹膜后淋巴结肿大怀疑恶性肿瘤转移,并伴或不伴实质或空腔脏器管壁占位病人的临床资料,共187处病灶行EUS-FNA,其中穿刺肿大淋巴结140个,穿刺实质或空腔脏器管壁占位47处.术后注意观察病人有无并发症,并随访细胞学、组织学检查结果.结果:119例病人中,EUS-FNA诊断淋巴结转移癌的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率分别为92.5%、100.0%、100.0%、86.7%、95.0%.47处实质或空腔脏器管壁占位,EUS-FNA诊断恶性肿瘤41例(包括原发肿瘤35例,转移性肿瘤6例),良性占位4例,2例诊断不明确.术后观察,1例病人出现胸痛不适,2例出现轻微腹痛不适,其中1例合并一过性发热,均给予对症处理后好转,余未出现出血、穿孔等并发症.结论:超声内镜可在一次操作中对多部位病灶进行EUS-FNA,获得病理学诊断;EUS-FNA对纵隔和腹膜后淋巴结转移癌的确诊具有肯定的价值;EUS-FNA可在实时超声监控下进行,安全性高,值得临床重视.     

PET/CT影像诊断为肺癌性淋巴管炎的肺结节病1例报告及文献复习

目的：探讨肺结节病的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法,提高临床医生对该疾病的认识。方法：收集1例肺结节病患者的临床资料、支气管镜和病理检查结果,并进行相关文献复习。结果：患者因咳嗽、渐进性呼吸困难2个月入院,查体未见明显阳性体征。胸部CT显示双肺多发结节影,双肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大;PET-CT影像诊断为肺癌伴癌性淋巴管炎（PLC）,双侧锁骨上、双肺门及纵隔淋巴结转移。入院后纤维支气管镜病理回报肺组织内见慢性肉芽肿性炎,未见明确坏死,不能完全排除结核。给予患者糖皮质激素和预防性抗结核治疗,1个月后复查胸部CT显示双肺结节明显减少,3个月后患者症状消失,胸部CT显示双肺结节基本消失,肺门和纵隔淋巴结明显缩小,最终诊断为肺结节病。结论：结节病的确诊应主要依据患者的病理诊断并结合临床表现,仅凭临床表现和影像学结果易误诊为肿瘤或者结核。     

Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for lymph node staging in non-small-cell lung cancers

Background This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of 2-（F18）-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography （^18F-FDG-PET）/computed tomography （PET/CT） in the preoperative diagnosis of metastatic mediastinal and hilar lymph node in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods A total of 39 patients received preoperative ^18F-FDG PET/CT and the postoperative biopsy. We compared preoperative PET/CT scan results with corresponding intraoperative histopathalogic findings in 39 NSCLC patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value of ^18F-FDG PET/CT were assessed. Results Histopathologic examination confirmed metastasis in 57 out of the 208 excised lymph nodes; 23 of the 57 nodes were mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of PET/CT in the preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients were 65%, 96.8%, 92%, 78.5% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions PET/CT scan showed good accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastasis in the patients with NSCLC. We recommend that PET/CT scanning be used as a first-line evaluation tool for tumor diagnosis, therapy evaluation and follow-up.