1%毛果芸香碱脂质体滴眼剂在兔眼房水中的药代动力学

目的对1%毛果芸香碱滴眼剂的两种不同剂型:1%毛果芸香碱水溶液和1%毛果芸香碱脂质体在兔眼房水中的药代动力学进行对比研究。方法 RP-HPLC 法采用 ODS—C_(18)柱,流动相:0.5%三乙胺的 KH_2PO_4(10 mmol/L)缓冲液(pH2.5)-乙腈(98:2,v/v);流速:1.0 ml/min,检测波长:215 nm;60只兔随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30只兔(60只眼),分别给实验组和对照组兔眼结膜囊滴入1%毛果芸香碱脂质体和1%毛果芸香碱水溶液各50μl,并于给药后5、10、30、40、60、90、120、180、240及360 min 时抽取3只兔(6眼)房水,用二氯甲烷提取房水中药物,用 RP-HPLC 法测定房水中的药物浓度。结果 RP-HPLC 法可以用于眼房水中毛果芸香碱的含量测定,毛果芸香碱浓度在0.1～20μg/ml 范围内线性良好,提取回收率68.10±1.9%。两种不同剂型毛果芸香碱滴眼后,不同时间点1%脂质体的房水药物浓度明显高于1%水溶液滴眼液的房水浓度(P=0.000～0.002),前者的药时曲线下面积是溶液的2.86倍,且1%脂质体滴眼剂在用药后6h 房水中仍可测出毛果芸香碱。结论毛果芸香碱脂质体可以明显提高毛果芸香碱的生物利用度,从而可能增强疗效,减少用药频率,值得进一步研究开发。     

RP-HPLC法测定眼房水中三种不同剂型匹罗卡品含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定眼房水中匹罗卡品含量的方法.方法:RP-HPLC法采用ODS-C18柱,流动相:0.5%三乙胺的KH2PO4(10 mmol/L)缓冲液(pH 2.5)-乙腈(98/2,v/v),流速:1.0 ml/min,检测波长:215 nm.90只兔均分为3组,分别于每只兔眼滴入不同剂型滴眼剂50 μl,分别测定给药后5、10、30、40、60、90、120、180、240及360 min时眼房水中匹罗卡品滞留量,用二氯甲烷提取房水中药物.结果:RP-HPLC法适用于眼房水中匹罗卡品的含量测定,匹罗卡品质量浓度在0.1～20 μg/ml范围内线性良好(r=0.9998),平均提取回收率为68.1%±2.7%(n=9),日内精密度为2.87%,日间精密度为4.33%.3种不同剂型匹罗卡品50 μl滴眼后,药-时曲线下面积以1%脂质体为最高,且维持时间最长.结论:本方法易行,重现性好,线性范围广.将匹罗卡品滴眼液的剂型改为脂质体可以明显提高匹罗卡品的生物利用度,具有较好的应用前景.     

固相萃取RP-HPLC测定小鼠肝脏组织中的德氮吡格

目的:建立小鼠肝脏组织中德氮吡格(Tetrazanbigen)的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)测定方法.方法:精密称取小鼠肝脏组织,匀浆后同相萃取(Solid phase extraction,SPE).液相色谱采用Lichrospher C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%三乙胺水溶液(pH6.5)(体积比90:10)为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长260 nm,进样量20 μl.结果:实验表明,肝脏组织匀浆液中德氮吡格在2～20μg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 3),平均回收率为106.47%.最低定量限为1.0μg/ml.结论:本文建立的固相萃取RP-HPLC方法简便、准确、选择性和重现性好,适合于德氮吡格的肝脏组织浓度检测.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定硫酸依替米星滴眼液的含量

目的建立硫酸依替米星滴眼液含量测定的RP-HPLC法。方法色谱柱:Hypersil ODS(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:1.6%磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调pH为3.0)-乙腈(8∶1);流速:1.0 ml.min-1;检测波长:204 nm。结果依替米星在0.1~1.2 mg.ml-1浓度范围内,峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.999 9,加样平均回收率为99.43%。结论本法简便,准确,可用于依替米星滴眼液的含量测定。     

雷帕霉素眼膏在兔眼房水中药物分布研究

目的探讨RAPA（雷帕霉素）眼膏涂眼后在兔眼房水中药物分布。方法制备载药率5.140%RAPA眼膏,给新西兰白兔双眼结膜囊涂布眼膏,给药后30、60、120、240、480、720min应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定房水中RAPA药物浓度,计算反映RAPA眼膏的生物利用度的指标：最大浓度（maximal concentration,Cmax）、达峰时间（maximal time,Tmax）、曲线下面积（Area under the curve,AUC）等。结果涂眼30、60、120、240、480、720min后,RAPA房水浓度为0.5120±0.0650μg·l^-15.024±0.307μg·l^-120.38±1.14μg·l^-14.723±0.352μg·l^-13.169±0.198μg·l^-11.335±0.161μg·l^-1;RAPA眼膏房水持续释药720min,房水Cmax为20.38±1.45μg·l^-1Tmax120min。房水中释药模式亦大致呈三相,即初始突释、稳态缓释和减弱释药。稳态缓释相房水维持600min,平均释药浓度为3.169±0.19μg·l^-1随即表现为减弱至检测限以下;AUC为5711μg·min.l-1。结论我们制备的RAPA眼膏在兔眼放水中有良好的穿透性和有效的治疗浓度。RAPA眼膏完全可以用来治疗角膜移植免疫排斥和眼表免疫相关性疾病。     

兔曲霉菌性角膜溃疡局部应用两性霉素B脂质体的研究

目的 探讨兔曲霉菌性角膜溃疡局部应用两性霉素B脂质体(Liposomal amphotericin B,LAmB)和两性霉素B(AmB)滴眼液后,角膜及房水中的药物代谢状况。方法 用105只新西兰白兔,随机分为5组,采用角膜“#”形划痕法制作兔实验性曲霉菌性角膜溃疡模型,分别应用0.5% LAmB、0.25% LAmB、0.5% AmB点眼,分别在用药后5 min、15 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h,共7个时点,抽取兔眼房水并取下角膜,用高效液相色谱检测(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定角膜及房水中两性霉素B的药物浓度。结果 三组滴眼液在7个时间点角膜中的药物浓度均能超过MIC₉₀;在房水检测中,0.5%AmB滴眼液组房水中的药物浓度超过MIC₉₀时段在用药30 min后至2 h之间,而0.5% LAmB,0.25% LAmB滴眼液组在用药15 min后房水中的药物浓度分别达到(10.57±0.042)μg/mL和(7.55±0.170)μg/mL,8 h后仍能维持在MIC₉₀以上,药物浓度分别为(5.344±0.3673)μg/mL和(4.382±0.3591)μg/mL。结论 LAmB滴眼液具有较好的缓释作用和生物利用度,药物浓度稳定,作用时间长,0.25%LAmB滴眼液是局部治疗曲霉菌性角膜溃疡的合适浓度。     

人血浆非对称性二甲基精氨酸浓度的RP-HPLC测定法

目的:建立一种测定人血浆中非对称性二甲基精氨酸(Asymmetric Dimethylarginine,ADMA)浓度的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC).方法:采用Waters symmetry C18柱(5 μm,3.90 mm×150 mm),以0.05 mmol/L乙酸钠(pH6.8)为流动相A,甲醇为流动相B,线性梯度洗脱:14 min,31% min,45%5 min(V/V/V),流速1.0 ml/min,荧光检测,激发波长330 nm,发射波长450 nm,邻苯二甲醛(OPA)进行柱前衍生,室温下检测.结果:ADMA在0.05～5 μg/ml范围内有良好线性关系,最小检出量为0.05 μg/ml,平均相对回收率为(93.76±2.57)%,日内、日间平均变异系数分别为(3.25±1.59)%、(4.60±1.37)%.结论:本方法准确、简便、快速,适用于科学研究和临床检测.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定非洛地平缓释片的含量

目的:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定非洛地平缓释片含量的方法.方法:采用Shim-pack CLC-ODS十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶柱(6.0 mmxl50 mm,5μm),流动相为0.025 mol/L磷酸二氢钾[用磷酸调节pH至(3.00±0.05)]-乙腈-甲醇(32:45:23),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为238 nm,柱温为35℃.结果:在5-100μg/ml浓度范围内,非洛地平峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 5,平均回收率为99.75%,RSD为0.71%,且非洛地平与其他杂质峰的分离度均符合要求.结论:本方法简便、专属性强、准确可靠,可用于非洛地平缓释片的质量控制.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定犬血浆中甲硝唑浓度

目的 建立犬血浆中甲硝唑浓度反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)测定方法 . 方法 采用反相高效液相色谱法C18柱,以0.05 mol/L的KH2PO4(用1 mol/L的磷酸调节pH3.5):乙腈:甲醇(130:35:35,V/V/V)作为流动相,流速0.6 ml/min,检测波长317 nm,柱温25℃,内标为替硝唑. 结果 RP-HPLC测定甲硝唑血药浓度的线性范围是0.2-20.0 μg/ml(r2=0.998 6),定量下限为0.2 μg/ml,准确度在85%-115%范围内,其日内、日间精密度≤15%. 结论 本法可用于甲硝唑犬体内药动学研究的需要,并成功地用于口服甲硝唑片剂后犬体内的药动学研究.     

HPLC法测定西尼地平及其片剂的含量

目的 建立起西尼地平有关物质检查及其片剂含量测定的RP-HPLC方法。方法 色谱柱：ShimpackODS柱，流动相：甲醇-0.03mol/L磷酸二氢钾水溶液（pH=3.5,81:19)，检测波长：240nm，流速：1.0ml/min。结果 西尼地平与有关物质完全分离。西尼地平在1.6-300μg/mL范围内，峰面积与浓度线性关系良好，r=0.9999。平均回收率；99.78%(n=9),RSD=0.5%。结论 可用于西尼地平的有关物质检查及其片剂的含量测定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.