内蒙古地区疑似强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27抗原阳性率观察

目的通过检测998例疑似强直性脊柱炎（Ankylosing spondylitis,AS）患者HLA-B27抗原阳性率和表达强度,了解内蒙古地区AS与HLA-B27抗原的相关性,并初步探讨其临床意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测患者外周血T淋巴细胞膜上的HLA-B27抗原和其平均荧光强度（mean fuorescence intensity,MFI）。结果 998例疑似AS患者以21~50岁青壮年为主,占77.35%;男女比例为1.4∶1;998例疑似AS患者的HLA-B27抗原阳性率28.86%;男女患者HLA-B27抗原阳性率分别为33.05%和23.02%（P〈0.05）;男女阳性患者的MFI有明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论内蒙古地区AS患者与HLA-B27抗原有着很强的相关性。采用流式细胞技术检测临床疑似AS患者T淋巴细胞HLA-B27表达强度有助于诊断和鉴别诊断AS。     

流式细胞仪检测HLA-B27在强直性脊柱炎筛查中的应用及分析

目的回顾性分析该院人类白细胞抗原(HLA)B27的检测结果,探讨其在强直性脊柱炎(AS)筛查中的应用价值。方法采用多参数流式细胞仪对2015年1月至2016年6月于该院就诊的疑似AS的患者1 335例进行HLA-B27检测。1 335例疑似AS患者中,最终诊断为AS患者201例(AS组),1 134例为风湿类风湿性关节炎等相关疾病患者(非AS组)。检测结果以HLA-B27的平均荧光强度和阳性淋巴细胞表达率表示。另外选取于该院体检中心体检的120例健康者作为对照组。结果疑似AS患者HLA-B27筛查阳性率为15.73%(210/1 335);对照组HLA-B27筛查阳性率为2.50%(3/120)。AS组患者HLAB27筛查阳性率、细胞表达率、平均荧光强度分别为为92.03%(185/201)、(85.34±17.99)%、8.74±4.20,明显高于非AS组及对照组(P0.01)。对照组上述指标与非AS组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。HLA-B27筛查阳性者主要集中在青少年期,且男性的阳性率明显高于女性(P0.05)。结论流式细胞术检测HLA-B27可为AS的诊断与鉴别诊断提供重要依据。     

流式细胞法检测人类白细胞抗原B27/B7表达在诊断强直性脊柱炎中的价值

目的 探讨流式法检测人类白细胞抗原B27/B7(HLA-B27/B7)在临床上对强直性脊柱炎(AS)的诊断价值.方法 采用两色流式细胞术检测121例AS患者(AS组)、157例其他原因引起的腰腿痛患者(非AS组)和88例健康人(对照组)淋巴细胞HLA-B27及HLA-B7抗原的表达率及表达强度(MnX).结果 AS组HLA-B27表达率、MnX和阳性率分别为(90.55±25.31)%、(16.87±9.13)%、90.9%,明显高于非AS组及对照组(P<0.05);非AS组上述各项指标与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).将流式细胞法检测HLA-B27表达率、MnX及2项指标联合分别用于临床AS的诊断,灵敏度依次为90.9%、94.2%、98.3%,特异度依次为89.8%、84.5%、83.7%,卡方检验显示,联合检测时灵敏度显著高于单独检测表达率(P<0.05),且特异度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 流式细胞法检测HLA-B27对AS的诊断和鉴别诊断准确、有效,是一种很有价值的实验诊断方法.     

人类白细胞抗原-B27检测在临床诊断强直性脊柱炎中的应用价值

目的通过临床资料探讨人类白细胞(HLA)抗原-B27检测在强直性脊柱炎(AS)临床诊断中的应用价值。方法用ELISA法对临床确诊96例AS患者、230例疑似AS患者和200例健康体检者进行HLA-B27抗原检测。结果确诊AS组、疑似AS组和健康对照组HLA-B27阳性率分别为90.6%、45.7%和5.5%,确诊AS组、疑似AS组HLA-B27阳性率明显高于健康对照组(P0.01),确诊AS组的HLA-B27阳性率明显高于疑似AS组(P0.01)。结论 HLA-B27抗原与AS疾病密切相关,检测HLA-B27抗原对早期诊断AS有重要意义。     

流式细胞术检测人类白细胞抗原-B27在诊断强直性脊柱炎中的价值

目的 探讨应用流式细胞术检测人类白细胞抗原-B27（HLA-B27）对临床强直性脊柱炎（AS）的诊断价值.方法 应用流式细胞仪检测947例临床疑似AS患者的T淋巴细胞上的HLA-B27抗原,采用流式细胞仪（FCM）自带的数据获取与分析软件获取数据并进行分析.结果 947例患者HLA-B27抗原阳性率为44.8%,男女比例为4.3∶1,其中95.6%HLA-B27抗原阳性的患者确诊为AS.结论 利用流式细胞术检测HLA-B27有助于AS的诊断,检测快速,特异性、稳定性均较好.     

HLA-B27抗原检测在强直性脊柱炎诊断中的意义

目的：探讨 HLA-B27抗原表达与强直性脊柱炎（AS）的相关性,及其对 AS 诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法采用流式细胞术检测人类白细胞抗原 B27（HLA-B27）,纳入研究的包括354例疑似 AS 患者、35例确诊 AS 患者和30例确诊类风湿性关节炎（RA）患者。结果354例疑似 AS 患者的 HLA-B27总阳性率为22．0％,确诊 AS 患者 HLA-B27的阳性率为85．7％,均高于RA 组（P ＜0．05）。AS 患者中男性占77．1％,女性占22．9％,且发病年龄主要集中在青壮年时期;AS 患者 HLA-B27抗原检测用于AS 诊断的灵敏度为85．7％,特异度为100．0％。结论HLA-B27抗原的检测对 AS 患者的早期诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要意义。     

检测HLA-B27+/B7-在诊断强直性脊柱炎中的临床价值

目的探讨HLA-B27~+/B7~-检测在诊断强直性脊柱炎(AS)中的临床价值。方法选取景德镇市第一人民医院82例AS患者、50例腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者和40例健康体检者,采用流式细胞术法(FCM)检测其外周血淋巴细胞HLA-B27~+/B7~-的表达,并用流式细胞仪自带的细胞获取与分析软件获取数据并进行分析。结果 (1)AS患者中以青壮年男性的发病率最高,占61.0%。(2)AS组HLA-B27~+/B7~-的阳性率为89.0%(73/82),显著高于LDH组(P0.01)和正常对照组的阳性率(P0.01)。而对照组与LDH组之间的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)HLA-B27~+/B7~-检测对诊断AS的灵敏度为89.0%(73/82),特异度为95.0%(38/40),阳性预测值为97.3%(73/75),阴性预测值为80.9%(38/47),阳性似然比为17.8,阴性似然比为0.1。结论 HLA-B27~+/B7~-与AS成正相关,有助于AS的早期诊断及鉴别诊断。     

人类白细胞抗原-B27与强直性脊柱炎的相关性分析

目的 了解人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-B27与强直性脊柱炎(AS)的相关性.方法 采用淋巴细胞毒方法对348例非AS患者或体检人员(非AS对照组)、52例AS疑似患者(AS疑似组)和119例AS患者(AS组)进行HLA-B27检测.结果 非AS对照组、AS疑似组和AS组的HLA-B27阳性率分别为4.02%、32.69%和90.76%,AS组、AS疑似组的HLA-B27阳性率明显高于非AS对照组,AS组的HLA-B27阳性率明显高于AS疑似组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 HLA-B27与AS高度相关,检测HLA-B27对疑似AS患者的早期诊断有重要意义.     

应用流式细胞仪检测强直性脊柱炎患者HLA-B27抗原的表达及临床应用价值

目的:探讨人类白细胞抗原B27(HLA-B27)的表达对强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者的临床诊断价值。方法:应用流式细胞仪法对328例AS患者1、113例腰背腿疼患者和40例健康体检人员进行了HLA-B27抗原检测。结果AS患者、腰背腿疼患者和健康体检人员HLA-B27抗原阳性率分别为90.2%(296/328)、12.5%(139/1113)和7.5%(3/40);AS患者中男性患者阳性率95.9%,女性患者阳性率77.8%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论AS与HLA-B27抗原有高度的疾病相关性,检测HLA-B27对AS的早期诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗都具有重要的临床价值。     

检测强直性脊柱炎患者人类白细胞抗原B27的临床意义

目的探讨人类白细胞抗原B27(HLA-B27)在强直性脊柱炎(AS)诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法用流式细胞仪检测53例AS患者、42例背腰腿疼痛患者以及30例健康体检者3组人群的HLA-B27抗原。结果 AS患者、背腰腿疼痛患者、健康体检者3组人群HLA-B27阳性率分别为90.6%、7.1%、6.7%,AS患者组HLA-B27阳性率明显高于背腰腿疼痛患者、健康体检者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),背腰腿疼痛组、健康体检组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 FCM检测HLA-B27可为AS的诊断、鉴别诊断提供重要的依据。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.