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1.
目的 探讨细胞周期相关基因在胶质瘤患者中的表达及预后价值。方法 利用CGGA数据库筛选与胶质瘤患者预后相关的细胞周期基因，并基于CGGA与TCGA中胶质瘤患者的临床数据，通过LASSO回归分析，构建预测患者生存情况的预后模型。根据计算公式，区分高低风险组患者，组间进行GSEA富集分析与ssGSEA免疫微环境分析。结果 筛选到10个与患者预后密切相关的细胞周期基因，LASSO回归分析纳入4个基因[细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂2C（CDKN2C）、姐妹染色单体分离的PTTG1调控因子（PTTG1）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶2（CDK2）、WEE1 G2检查点激酶（WEE1）]构建预后模型，计算公式为：风险值（risk socre）=（0.008）×CDKN2C表达量+（0.022）×PTTG1表达量+（0.031）×CDK2表达量+（0.127）×WEE1表达量。生存分析显示，高风险组患者生存率低于低风险组，ROC曲线表明，模型在CGGA与TCGA队列中，均具有较好的预测能力。GSEA富集分析显示，高风险组富集到多个细胞周期进程相关的信号通路，提示可能参与胶质瘤的恶性进程。免疫微环境分析表明，高风险组患者的免疫细胞浸润与免疫反应激活程度均高于低风险组。结论 基于细胞周期相关基因的预后模型可较好地应用于胶质瘤患者的预后预测，纳入的关键基因可能是胶质瘤治疗的可靠靶点。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(4): 15-24] 相似文献
2.
目的 构建基于长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)的风险模型;研究其预测胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)患者预后和指导临床管理的价值。方法 从肿瘤基因组图谱计划(TCGA)和GSE16011中的GBM转录组表达数据，筛选出在GBM中异常表达的lncRNA。通过单因素Cox回归分析鉴定出与GBM患者生存相关的lncRNA。采用LASSO回归进一步筛选目标lncRNA，最终构建基于lncRNA表达量的风险模型。用KaplanMeier生存曲线评估不同风险组患者在预后方面的差异。整合风险模型和临床病理特征构建列线图，并通过校正曲线和决策曲线分析验证其在实际临床管理中的价值。结果 鉴定出26个肿瘤中差异表达的lncRNA，并筛选出8个与预后相关的lncRNA。通过LASSO回归分析最终确定了7个候选lncRNA，并成功构建基于lncRNA的风险模型。在TCGA和GSE16011数据库中，高风险患者的生存时间显著差于低风险组;同时该模型在预测患者预后方面有良好表现。风险模型和临床病理特征构建的列线图能个体化地预测GBM患者预后，以及指导临床治疗决策。结论 基于lncRNA构建的风险模型能够作为预测GBM预后的生物标志物;并为研究GBM发生发展的潜在机制提供新的思路。 相似文献
3.
目的 对CD58在胶质瘤中的表达及意义做初步研究。方法 从癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库中获取胶质瘤相关样本的基因测序结果及临床信息,分析胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）组、低级别胶质瘤（LGG）组和非瘤脑组织（Non-tumor）组中CD58的表达差异及生存预后相关性,构建预后模型分析CD58表达与危险度评分关系及CD58高表达组和低表达组的总生存期差异,采用多变量Cox回归分析CD58表达对预后的影响;将40例临床样本分为三组：非瘤脑组织（Non-tumor）组,I、Ⅱ级胶质瘤为低级别胶质瘤（LGG）组,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级胶质瘤为高级别胶质瘤（HGG）组,运用免疫组织化学（免疫组化）检测三组中CD58的表达,并分析各组之间的表达差异。结果 表达差异分析显示,GBM组、LGG组和Non-tumor组的CD58表达依次降低（均P＜0.05）;危险度评分与CD58表达正相关,表达越高患者生存期越短（P＜0.05）;多变量Cox回归分析显示CD58表达水平是影响胶质瘤预后的因素,表达水平越高,死亡风险越大;免疫组化结果显示CD58阳性反应物位于细胞胞膜,HGG组阳性细胞数高于LGG组和Non-tumor组（均P＜0.05）,但三组的阳性例数无差别。结论 CD58在高级别胶质瘤中的表达高于低级别胶质瘤和非瘤脑组织,其表达差异与胶质瘤生存期相关,CD58高表达是胶质瘤预后的危险因素。CD58可以作为判定胶质瘤的恶性程度及预后的一项指标。
4.
目的 评估症状性颈动脉狭窄（SCS）患者颈动脉内膜剥脱术（CEA）后长、短期预后情况及影响因素。方法 分析首都医科大学三博脑科医院2014年1月—2019年12月经影像学检查确诊的79例SCS患者的临床资料,包括患者的既往病史、临床表现、实验室指标、影像学表现、治疗,以及术前、术后的改良Rankin量表（mRS）分级。分析术后3和24个月的预后改善情况。多因素Logistic回归分析影响因素,建立临床预测模型并对其进行准确性及预测效能评价。结果 SCS患者CEA术前、术后3个月、术后24个月的mRS分级分别为（1.78±1.10）、（1.32±1.37）和（0.89±1.25）。与术前相比,术后3和24个月均明显改善（P＜0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,CEA术后3个月,心肌梗死（OR=0.06,95%CI=0.01-0.32）和高脂血症（OR=0.13,95%CI=0.03-0.47）是影响因素。CEA术后24个月,心肌梗死（OR=0.09,95%CI=0.00-0.66）、高脂血症（OR=0.05,95%CI=0.00-0.29）和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）（OR=0.11,95%CI=0.02-0.50）是影响因素。通过构建的列线图来进行预测有较高的准确性及预测效能。结论 SCS患者CEA术后长、短期神经功能均较术前均有显著改善。心肌梗死、高脂血症是影响CEA术后短期预后的危险因素,心肌梗死、高脂血症、NLR是影响CEA术后长期预后的危险因素。NLR可预测SCS患者CEA术后的长期预后,术前低NLR（＜2.62）的患者预后更好。 相似文献
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目的 构建多指标列线图模型以预测缺血性脑卒中患者的预后。方法 对2019年1月至2021年6月湖北医药学院附属国药东风总医院接诊的126例缺血性脑卒中患者的资料进行回顾性分析。根据格拉斯哥预后评分将患者分为2组：1～3分者为预后不良组，4～5分者为预后良好组。收集可能影响缺血性脑卒中患者预后的因素，比较2组患者各预后因素，并进行多因素分析，根据多因素分析结果构建列线图模型。结果 126例患者中，45例预后不良。多因素分析结果显示，有吸烟史、入院时美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表评分升高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高、神经肽P物质水平升高为缺血性脑卒中预后不良的危险因素（P<0.05）；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高为保护性因素（P<0.05）。根据多因素分析结果构建列线图模型，受试者操作特征曲线下面积为0.892，灵敏度为93.1%，特异度为68.2%，95%CI为0.836～0.949。计算机模拟充分采样法内部验证结果显示，平均绝对误差为0.03，模型表现与理想模型基本拟合，提示模型预测准确度较高。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者的预后与吸烟、入院时美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表评分、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平、神经肽P物质水平等因素有关。根据上述因素构建的列线图模型用于缺血性脑卒中患者预后预测具有较高的准确度与区分度。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2023, 50(6): 13-18] 相似文献
6.
目的探索与胶质瘤患者预后相关的RNA,并以这些RNA建模以预测患者的生存状况。方法对TCGA数据库中653个胶质瘤的RNA测序数据作单因素生存分析,筛选与患者预后相关的基因;对所得到的基因,利用Lasso回归建模,获得可预测患者生存状况的模型并加以验证;根据模型所得的风险分数,结合临床特征做多因素Cox回归分析,验证模型是否有效且独立于临床特征。结果筛选得到31641个与预后相关的基因,Lasso回归模型中共包含40个基因表达量,多因素Cox回归分析证明模型有效(P 0. 05)且独立于临床特征(P 0. 05)。结论利用RNA测序数据和Lasso回归建模所得模型可预测患者的生存状况。 相似文献
7.
目的 探讨枕下乙状窦后入路术后颅内感染的危险因素并构建风险预测模型。方法 收集2018年12月—2020年12月徐州医科大学附属医院行枕下乙状窦后入路手术患者的临床资料共258例,按照7∶3比例随机分为建模组（180例）和验证组（78例）,随机种子为20210528,利用单因素和Logistic多因素筛选此入路术后颅内感染的危险因素,依据偏回归系数（b值）对危险因素赋值,构建感染风险预测评分模型。建模组数据进行模型内部验证,并对患者进行风险评分,验证组数据进行外部验证,利用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积（AUC）以及Hosmer-Lemeshow（H-L）检验评估模型的区分度及校准度。结果 多因素分析显示,术后改良格拉斯哥预后评分2分、硬脑膜剪开前未予过氧化氢冲洗、内镜联合显微镜的手术方式、静脉窦破裂、手术时间≥3.5 h是此入路术后颅内感染的危险因素,评分模型相应分值分别为6、6、6、5及4分,得分20~27分为高风险患者。建模组AUC为0.896（95%CI：0.840~0.952,P<0.001）;验证组AUC为0.896（95%CI：0.782~0.999,P<0.001）,两组H-L检验,差异有统计学意义（P＞0.05）,模型具有较好的区分度与校准度。结论 该研究所构建的枕下乙状窦后入路术后颅内感染风险预测模型具有较好的预测效能,可用于筛选此入路术后颅内感染高危人群。 [国际神经病学神经外科学杂志, 2022, 49(3): 26-31.] 相似文献
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目的 探讨人脑胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）组织肿瘤高表达细胞周期相关蛋白（CREPT）的表达水平及其与病人预后的关系。方法 收集2010年1月至2011年1月手术切除的GBM组织104例和2018年1~12月颅脑损伤内减压术中切除的正常脑组织40例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测CREPT的表达,根据染色情况将GBM分为高表达组和低表达组。GBM病人术后随访截止时间为2019年4月,记录总生存期（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）。采用多因素Cox比例回归风险模型分析GBM病人生存预后的影响因素。用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用Log-rank检验。结果 GBM组织CREPT高表达率（73.08%,76/104）明显高于正常脑组织（10.00%,4/40;P<0.05）。多因素Cox比例回归风险模型分析结果显示CREPT高表达是GBM病人OS和PFS较短的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。低表达组OS和PFS均明显高于高表达组（P<0.05）。结论 人脑GBM组织CREPT呈高表达,与病人不良生存预后和肿瘤进展有关。 相似文献
9.
目的 研究Chiari畸形Ⅰ型（CM-Ⅰ）合并脊髓空洞症患者接受后颅窝减压合并小脑扁桃体切除术（PFDRT）的效果，探究影响患者预后的相关因素。方法 选择2016年1月—2022年2月郑州大学第一附属医院神经外科采用PFDRT治疗的成年CM-Ⅰ合并脊髓空洞症患者86例，分析患者手术前后的临床特征、影像学特征以及随访资料。使用芝加哥Chiari结局量表（CCOS）作为患者临床预后的评估指标，患者预后相关影响因素的分析则采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归。结果 该组临床治愈72例（83.72%），脊髓空洞完全消失12例（13.95%），脊髓空洞好转79例（91.86%）；术后发热14例（16.28%），枕下积液5例（5.81%）。术后患者影像学指标较术前均有显著改变（P＜0.001），大多数患者术后临床症状较术前改善明显（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析均显示病程和小脑相关症状是患者临床治愈的危险因素，病程越长的患者预后越差，有小脑相关症状的患者预后较差。结论 PFDRT是治疗CM-Ⅰ合并脊髓空洞症患者的有效手段，长病程以及小脑相关症状均影响患者预后，对于有临床症状的CM-Ⅰ合并脊髓空洞症患者应该尽早治疗。 相似文献
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目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）患者术后垂体功能减退情况及其对预后的影响。方法 分析2015年1月—2020年12月在宜春市人民医院治疗的aSAH患者82例。通过检测患者术后血清垂体激素、甲状腺激素、皮质醇、胰岛素样生长因子、睾酮和雌二醇,评估其术后垂体功能减退的发生率。采用多因素Logistic回归分析垂体功能减退的影响因素。应用格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）随访评估患者3个月预后,分析垂体功能减退对患者预后的影响。结果 aSAH患者术后垂体功能减退总体发生率为65.9%（54/82）,垂体性腺轴功能减退发生率最高为51.2%。多因素分析显示Hunt-Hess 3级(OR=4.873,P=0.034)和手术夹闭(OR=4.561,P=0.008)是垂体功能减退的危险因素。垂体功能减退并不影响患者3个月预后（P＞0.05）,在单因素分析中显示垂体肾上腺轴功能减退患者,不良预后发生率为47.1%,高于垂体功能正常患者（P＜0.05）,将年龄、Hunt-Hess分级、动脉瘤部位和手术方式纳入多因素分析时,垂体肾上腺轴功能减退与患者不良预后并不相关(OR=3.218,P=0.322)。结论 aSAH患者手术干预后垂体功能减退发生率高,Hunt-Hess 3级和手术夹闭是垂体功能减退的危险因素,但术后垂体功能减退并不影响患者3个月预后。 相似文献
11.
Diagnostic Difficulties and Treatment Implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert J. Gumnit 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S9-S13
Summary: Differentiation between types of epileptic seizures has been aided in recent years by the introduction of intensive neurodiagnostic techniques and the development of increasingly detailed classification systems. Paradoxically, these developments have not simplified the task of matching the appropriate antiepileptic drug to a particular seizure type. It is reasonable to assume that anticonvulsant drugs will have different effects on different types of seizures, but faulty, circular reasoning can enter the picture if one also assumes that responses of seizures to different drugs signify different seizure types. There are several examples of differential diagnoses that can fall prey to this problem, including the diagnosis between partial seizures with secondary generalization and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the diagnosis between complex partial seizures and absence seizures with automatisms, among others. Considerations of etiology in future classification systems can further complicate the problem: should one then choose an anticonvulsant drug on the basis of individual seizure type or on the basis of the type of epilepsy? Ramifications of this issue extend even to the drug approval process. Official sanction is not given for use of a drug for a seizure type not included in the original efficacy studies, even if later scientific evidence shows that seizure type to be related to a type that is included. New trials must be undertaken. These problems arise from how we choose to classify seizures. 相似文献
12.
Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Antiepileptic Drug Therapy 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
Eileen P.G. Vining 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S18-S22
Summary: Epilepsy is frequently associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the reasons for this correlation are unclear. Possible influential factors include patient age; duration, frequency, etiology, and type of seizures; hereditary factors; psychosocial issues; and antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy. Whereas many of these factors are beyond the physician's control, AED therapy is one element that can be addressed in treatment decisions by recognizing the potential cognitive effects of particular AEDs. For example, phenobarbital impairs memory and concentration; phenytoin affects attention, problem solving ability, and performance of visuomotor tasks. In contrast, carbamazepine may affect concentration, while valproate would appear to have minimal effects on cognition. Moreover, cognitive effects of AEDs are amplified with coadministration of multiple anticonvulsants (polytherapy). A review of studies on the cognitive effects of monotherapy with AEDs, as opposed to those of polytherapy, provides evidence that drug-related cognitive dysfunction can be reversed if patients are switched to a simpler therapeutic regimen. Future research should be directed toward developing reliable measures for assessing and monitoring cognition, and understanding the particular cognitive side effects of each AED. Physicians also need to revise their opinions about which side effects are "tolerable" for epileptic patients. 相似文献
13.
Summary: Carbamazepine and phenytoin are drugs of choice in initial monotherapy for adult partial and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These designations reflect the results of the Veterans Administration Epilepsy Cooperative Study Group of 1985. An earlier comparative study of carbamazepine and phenytoin by Ramsay and associates found both drugs equally effective in controlling new-onset seizures. Among the advantages of carbamazepine is that it causes relatively few cognitive and dysmorphic side effects. Its disadvantages are its unavailability in parenteral formulation and its metabolic autoinduction. The latter must be compensated for by planned dosage increases to maintain therapeutic plasma steady-state levels during the first 2 or 3 months of treatment. Carbamazepine is judged a drug of choice in the treatment of these secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and the drug of choice in children, adolescents, and women susceptible to the dysmorphic side effects associated with other anticonvulsant agents. 相似文献
14.
Summary: Four broad categories of basic phenomena are pertinent to developing ways to prevent epilepsy. These include mechanisms of epileptogenesis, ictal initiation and temporary entrainment by the seizure discharge of normally functioning brain, seizure propagation, and control mechanisms that function both to restrain the cascade of epileptic events culminating in a seizure and to arrest the epileptic event and restore the interictal state. In newborns and children, hypoxia-ischemia is a major factor leading to epileptogenesis, and several schemes are proposed to classify, quantify, and prevent hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Control mechanisms must be better understood in order to develop prophylactic recommendations for epilepsy, and an experimental model of "kindling antagonism" may increase our understanding of these. Programs of prevention of seizures in children will evolve only if basic researchers and clinicians work productively together to develop an adequate understanding of factors important in epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenic control mechanisms. 相似文献
15.
Neuronal migration disorders are the result of disturbed brain development. In such disorders, neurons are abnormally located. In diagnosing these conditions, magnetic resonance imaging is superior to any other imaging technique. This enables us to improve our knowledge of the clinical correlates of neuronal migration. With reference to migrational disorder, a retrospective study of all 303 patients with epileptic seizures referred for magnetic resonance imaging during a 3-year period was performed, 13 patients (aged 12-41, mean age 27) were identified. They represent 4.3% of the entire study group. Of the patients with known epilepsy, 6.7% and of the mentally retarded, 13.7% had migrational disorders. Four patients had schizencephaly as the dominant finding, one was classified as hemimegalencephaly, 2 had isolated heterotopias, and 6 had localized pachy- and/or poly-microgyria. The clinical pictures are complex. Ectopias of grey matter are recognised foci of epilepsy, but from an epileptological and a clinical viewpoint little attention has been given to these disorders. The present study shows that malmigration is not rare in epilepsy patients, especially not in the mentally retarded. 相似文献
16.
Predisposing and Causative Factors in Childhood Epilepsy 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
Summary: We review information from large studies of defined populations, examining the role of known factors and especially of prenatal and perinatal factors in contributing to nonfebrile seizure disorders of early childhood. We depend especially, but not exclusively, on the recently completed analyses from the Collaborative Perinatal Project of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, the NCPP. About 4% of children in the NCPP who had at least one non-febrile nonsymptomatic seizure by the age of 7 years had a previous seizure during acute neurologic illness, such as meningitis or during the acute illness after trauma. Many such seizures should potentially be preventable. Of children with seizures, 10% had had a neonatal seizure and 13% had had a febrile seizure. Among the hundreds of prenatal and perinatal factors explored as predictors of childhood seizure disorders, the principal predictors identified were congenital malformations of the fetus, cerebral and noncerebral; family history of certain neurologic disorders; and neonatal seizures. In agreement with the British National Child Development Study, labor and delivery factors in the NCPP appeared to contribute very little to childhood seizure disorders. Maldevelopment, rather than damage at birth to an initially intact nervous system, appeared to be the more common mechanism. Most seizure disorders of early childhood remained unexplained by the large set of prenatal and perinatal characteristics examined. 相似文献
17.
Berkan Guleyupoglu Pedro Schestatsky Dylan Edwards Felipe Fregni Marom Bikson 《Journal of neuroscience methods》2013
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES. 相似文献
18.
Anticonvulsant Drugs and Cognitive Function: A Review of the Literature 总被引：14，自引：12，他引：2
Michael R. Trimble 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S3):S37-S45
Summary: Alterations of cognitive function are separate from disturbances of behavior seen in association with epilepsy. The nature of the cognitive disability may to a certain extent depend on the seizure type. Partial seizures, mainly derived from a temporal lobe focus, impair memory tasks, while generalized seizures seem to have more effect on attentional abilities. A number of studies, reviewed in this paper, suggest that anticonvulsant drugs further impair cognitive function. Maximal impairments are seen in patients receiving polytherapy: rationalization of polytherapy improves cognitive abilities. Studies in children and adults have allowed differentiation of the effects of various commonly used antiepileptic agents. Maximal cognitive deficits are seen with. phenytoin, while phenobarbital and sodium valproate induce moderate disturbances, and carbamazepine seems relatively free from such toxicity. Further research is needed on the interrelationship between types of seizure disorders, types of anticonvulsant medications, and cognitive function. 相似文献
19.
B. J. Wilder 《Epilepsia》1987,28(S2):S1-S7
Summary: The long-standing practice of polypharmacy in treating epilepsy is giving way to use of monotherapy. Monotherapy can improve seizure control as well as reduce the risk of serious idiosyncratic reactions, dose-related side effects, and complex drug interactions. Monotherapy also offers improved compliance and cost-effectiveness. The basis of monotherapy is accurate diagnosis and assessment of the patient's seizure type(s), followed by selection of a single appropriate anticonvulsant drug. Many patients currently treated with multiple anticonvulsants can be successfully converted to monotherapy with a carefully monitored program in which troublesome and redundant drugs are gradually withdrawn from the therapeutic regimen. 相似文献
20.
Summary: Lowering extracellular magnesium induces different patterns of epileptiform activity in rat hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Short recurrent epileptiform discharges in the hippocampus are stable over time, whereas seizurelike events (SLEs) in the entorhinal cortex, the subiculum, and the neighboring neocortex develop into late recurrent discharges which are not blocked by clinically employed antiepileptic drugs. We tested the sensitivity of the different epileptiform discharge patterns to. /V-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and non-NMDA-receptor antagonists. As NMDA-receptor antagonist we used dextrorphan, ket-amine, and 2-aminophosphonovalerate (2APV); as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)-receptor antagonist we employed the quinoxaline derivative glutamate 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). The findings show that the different patterns of epileptiform activity, including the late recurrent discharges, are sensitive to all NMDA-receptor antagonists. However, when dextrorphan was employed to suppress seizure-like events, later recurrent discharges did not develop during the remaining time course of the experiment. CNQX reversibly suppressed recurrent discharges in the hippocampus and SLEs in the entorhinal cortex. However, late recurrent discharges become insensitive to CNQX, even at a high concentration of 60 μM m. This finding suggests a prominent role for NMDA receptors in the generation of late recurrent discharges. 相似文献