灵芝提取物通过Nrf2/ARE通路对肝硬化小鼠肝功能的保护作用研究

[目的] 探讨灵芝提取物(ganoderma lucidum extract,GLE)对肝硬化小鼠的肝保护作用及机制。[方法] 将10只雄性C57BL/6小鼠作为对照组,剩余40只小鼠采用四氯化碳橄榄油混悬液诱导肝硬化模型,并随机分为模型组和GLE低(50 mg/kg·d)、中(100 mg/kg·d)、高(200 mg/kg·d)剂量组,对照组及模型组均灌胃等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。计算肝脏指数;以全自动生化分析仪检测小鼠血清中谷氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)活性和总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TB)和肌酐(creatinine,Cr)水平;以苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin eosin,HE)染色观察肝组织病理学变化,Masson染色观察肝组织纤维化程度;以脱氧核苷酸末端转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)染色观察肝细胞凋亡情况;酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性;免疫印迹法检测肝组织中总核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor E2 related factor 2,Nrf2)和核Nrf2、血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)及醌氧化还原酶1[NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1,NQO1]、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Collagen Ⅰ)及E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)的表达情况。[结果] 与对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝损伤明显,肝脏指数,血清ALT、AST活性,TC、TB及Cr水平,肝纤维化程度,肝细胞凋亡指数,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及MDA水平,α-SMA及Collagen Ⅰ蛋白相对表达量升高(P<0.05),血清SOD和GSH-Px活性、肝组织总Nrf2和核Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1及E-cadherin蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,GLE低、中、高剂量组小鼠肝损伤逐步减轻,肝脏指数,血清ALT、AST活性,TC、TB及Cr水平,肝纤维化程度,肝细胞凋亡指数,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6及MDA水平,α-SMA及Collagen Ⅰ蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),血清SOD和GSH-Px活性、肝组织总Nrf2和核Nrf2、HO-1、NQO1及E-cadherin蛋白表达升高(P<0.05)。[结论] GLE可减轻肝硬化小鼠组织病理损伤,改善肝功能,这可能与激活Nrf2/ARE通路,抑制氧化应激和炎症反应,进而干预肝纤维化有关。     

肝爽颗粒通过Nrf2/HO-1信号通路缓解慢性肝损伤作用及机制研究

[目的]探讨肝爽颗粒(GSG)对四氯化碳(CCL4)所导致的慢性肝损伤(CLI)模型小鼠的保护作用及机制。[方法]将50只雄性BALB/c小鼠平均分为正常组、模型组以及肝爽颗粒低、中、高剂量组。除正常组外,其余各组小鼠腹腔注射20%CCL4橄榄油溶液(2 mL/kg),每周2次,持续6周,成功建立CLI模型小鼠后,正常组与模型组每日灌胃生理盐水,GSG各给药组每日分别灌胃GSG 1、2、4 g/kg,连续给药4周。收集各组小鼠的血清和肝脏,检测血清转氨酶水平并计算肝指数,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察肝组织病理学特征,研究GSG对CLI模型小鼠的治疗作用。此外检测肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量探讨GSG对CLI小鼠氧化损伤的影响。荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)检测肝组织中核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)、谷氨酰半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基(GCLC)、醌氧化还原酶1(NQO1)基因表达,初步探究GSG缓解CLI的作用机制。[结果]与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血清中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);HE染色结果显示肝细胞广泛水肿、部分肝细胞坏死;同时,肝组织中MDA水平明显上升(P<0.01),SOD、GSH-Px活性显著下降(P<0.01);肝组织中Nrf2、HO-1、GCLC、NQO1的基因表达显著下调(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,GSG中、高剂量组能显著降低CLI模型小鼠血清AST和ALT的水平(P<0.05或P<0.01);GSG低、中、高剂量组能降低肝组织中MDA水平,同时升高肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性及Nrf2、HO-1、GCLC、NQO1基因表达(P<0.05或P<0.01)。[结论]GSG能缓解CCL4诱导的CLI模型小鼠肝功能受损,其潜在的机制可能是通过激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路抑制肝细胞氧化应激。     

异绿原酸B对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究异绿原酸B(ICAB)对四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 建立CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤实验模型并评价ICAB的保护作用,测定小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平和肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性.采用HE染色对肝组织细胞形态进行观察;Western印迹法测定ICAB对肝损伤小鼠肝细胞中核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)和醌氧化物还原酶1(NQO1)表达的影响.结果 ICAB各给药组(5、10和20 mg/kg)均可不同程度抑制CCl4所致小鼠血清ALT、AST和MDA的升高(P<0.01),ICAB高剂量组(20 mg/kg)明显提高肝细胞中SOD(P<0.01)和GSH-Px活性水平(P<0.05),降低MDA含量.同时,ICAB能改善CCl4造成的肝组织病理学损伤.此外,ICAB可促进Nrf2的表达及Nrf2的核转位,进而促进Nrf2下游靶蛋白HO-1和NQO1的表达.结论 ICAB对CCl4引起的小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保肝降酶作用,其作用机制可能与参与调节Nrf2信号通路、缓解氧化应激相关.     

EZH2对抗结核药物性肝损伤小鼠Nrf2-ARE通路的影响

目的 探讨抗结核药物性肝损伤(ADLI)中果蝇zeste基因增强子人类同源物2(EZH2)对Nrf2-ARE氧化还原通路的调控机制.方法 32只昆明小鼠随机分4组:空白对照组、模型组、实验组和阴性对照组,第5天处死并收集标本.微孔板法检测血清中肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平;HE染色法观察肝组织病理学改变;实时荧光定量PCR法、ELISA法和Western blot法分别检测EZH2、Nrf2、NQO1和HO-1 mRNA和蛋白水平.结果 模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平较空白对照组上升(P<0.05),实验组较模型组下降(P<0.05);与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝组织病理学结果 发生肝损伤,而实验组小鼠肝损伤有所缓解;与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠EZH2 mRNA和蛋白水平下降(P<0.05),实验组进一步降低(P<0.05);与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠Nrf2、NQO1和HO-1 mRNA和蛋白水平上升(P<0.05),实验组进一步上升(P<0.05);Chip结果 显示模型组H3K27me3水平较空白对照组降低(P<0.05),实验组进一步降低(P<0.05).结论 ADLI中EZH2表达下调,抑制EZH2表达可缓解肝损伤程度,EZH2对ADLI的影响可能是通过在Nrf2启动子区进行H3K27me3修饰,进而通过调控Nrf2-ARE抗氧化应激通路来实现的.     

桑黄酸性多糖对胆管结扎所致小鼠肝纤维化的改善作用及其机制

目的 探讨桑黄酸性多糖（PIP）对胆管结扎（BDL）所致小鼠肝纤维化的改善作用,阐明其可能的作用机制。 方法 60只4周龄雄性C57/BL6小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、阳性药组和PIP给药组（PIP组）,每组15只。对照组小鼠只绕胆总管穿过手术线但不结扎,模型组、阳性药组和PIP组小鼠结扎胆管。术后给药3周,末次给药12 h后眼球取血,处死小鼠。称量小鼠体质量和肝脏质量,并计算肝脏指数;微板法检测各组小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平;双抗体夹心法检测各组小鼠血清中Ⅲ型前胶原（PC Ⅲ）和Ⅳ型胶原（Col Ⅳ）水平;HE染色和天狼猩红染色观察各组小鼠肝组织病理形态表现和肝纤维化程度;检测各组小鼠肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性及丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平。Western blotting法检测各组小鼠肝组织中核因子E2相关因子（Nrf2）、血红素加氧酶1（HO-1）和醌氧化还原酶1（NQO1）蛋白表达水平。 结果 与对照组比较,模型组小鼠体质量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,肝脏质量和肝脏指数均升高（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,PIP组小鼠体质量无明显变化（P>0.05）,肝脏质量和肝脏指数降低（P<0.05）。HE染色,对照组小鼠肝组织无异常表现;模型组小鼠肝组织中肝小叶结构破坏,可见灶状液化性肝坏死和较多炎症细胞浸润;与模型组比较,阳性药组和PIP组小鼠肝组织坏死程度明显减轻,炎症细胞浸润减少。天狼猩红染色,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝组织中胶原纤维含量明显增加;与模型组比较,PIP组小鼠肝组织胶原纤维含量明显减少。与对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清中ALT和AST水平明显升高（P<0.01）,PC Ⅲ和Col Ⅳ水平明显升高（P<0.05）,小鼠肝组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性明显降低（P<0.01）,MDA和GSH水平明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与模型组比较,阳性药组和PIP组小鼠血清中ALT和AST水平明显降低（P<0.01）,PC Ⅲ和Col Ⅳ水平明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,小鼠肝组织中SOD和GSH-Px活性升高（P<0.05）,GSH和MDA水平降低（P<0.05）。Western blotting法检测,与对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝组织中Nrf2、HO-1和NQO1蛋白表达水平均降低（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,PIP组小鼠肝组织中Nrf2、HO-1和NQO1蛋白表达水平明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论 PIP能改善BDL导致的小鼠肝纤维化,其作用机制可能与降低肝脏氧化应激水平,调节Nrf2/HO-1信号通路中关键因子Nrf2、HO-1和NQO1蛋白表达水平有关。     

白藜芦醇通过转录因子Nrf2对感染性休克小鼠肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的探讨白藜芦醇（RES）能否通过上调转录因子NF-E2相关因子2（Nrf2），起到抗炎和抗氧化应激作用，从而减轻感染性休克小鼠肝损伤。方法采用随机数字表法将40只小鼠分为对照组、感染性休克模型组（模型组）、RES溶剂对照组（溶剂组）、RES干预组（RES组）4组，每组10只。模型组、溶剂组和RES组腹腔注射脂多糖（LPS）（25mg/kg，溶于200滋l0.9%氯化钠注射液）制备内毒素诱发感染性休克模型，对照组则腹腔内注射等量0.9%氯化钠注射液。RES组注射LPS后即刻在腹腔内注射RES（60mg/kg，溶于40滋l40%乙醇，再用9倍体积的PBS进行稀释）；溶剂组在腹腔内注射等量RES溶剂（1:9的40%乙醇和PBS）。6h后予以麻醉，眼球取血后处死并立即取出肝组织。光镜下观察小鼠肝组织形态学变化；采用比色法测定肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，ELISA法检测肝组织中TNF-α和IL-6水平，微板法检测血清ALT和AST水平，Westernblot法检测肝组织中Nrf2、血红素氧合酶1（HO-1）蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组比较，模型组小鼠肝损伤明显，肝组织中MDA含量、IL-6、TNF-α水平、HO-1蛋白表达水平均升高，SOD活性降低，血清ALT、AST水平均升高，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与模型组及溶剂组比较，RES组肝损伤减轻，肝组织中MDA含量、IL-6、TNF-α水平均降低，SOD活性、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平均升高，血清中ALT、AST水平均降低，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论RES可通过上调Nrf2，激活抗氧化基因HO-1的表达，使肝组织中抗氧化指标升高、氧化应激损伤指标和炎症介质水平降低，从而起到减轻感染性休克小鼠肝损伤的作用。     

橙皮苷对急性化学性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨橙皮苷(HDN)对D-氨基半乳糖胺(D-GalN)致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制.方法 建立D-GalN诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平,放射免疫分析法检测血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)活性、肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量.RT-PCR法检测小鼠肝脏白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)mRNA表达水平,并作肝组织切片病理观察.结果 病理学切片显示HDN能明显改善模型组小鼠肝脏组织病变范围与程度,使炎细胞浸润减少;并且HDN能降低D-GalN急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST、TNF-α水平;降低肝组织匀浆MDA含量;提高SOD、GSH-Px活性;抑制IL-1β mRNA表达.结论 HDN对D-GalN致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤具有保护作用,可能与其降低小鼠血清中TNF-α的水平、抑制IL-1β mRNA表达及抗脂质过氧化有关.     

当飞利肝宁胶囊调控肝脏氧化应激改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病小鼠的机制研究

目的:探讨当飞利肝宁胶囊对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)小鼠的治疗作用及潜在机制。方法:雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和当飞利肝宁(0.42 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))组,每组10只。除正常组外,其他小鼠给予高脂饲料喂养12周,以诱导模型。造模后,各组小鼠灌胃给予相应药物干预,连续4周。末次给药后,取血清,收集肝组织。生化分析仪检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平;油红O染色和HE染色后观察肝组织形态学变化。试剂盒检测肝组织TC、TG、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平;PCR检测肝脏核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)、细胞色素P450家族成员2E1(CYP2E1)、血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)、NADPH醌氧化还原酶(NQO1)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶P1(GSTP1)的mRNA表达;Western blot检测肝脏Nrf2和CYP2E1的蛋白表达。结果:(1)与模型组相比,当飞利肝宁组小鼠血清ALT、AST、TC和LDL水平显著降低(P0.05)。(2)当飞利肝宁胶囊能明显降低模型小鼠的肝脏TG水平(P0.05),且明显减轻模型小鼠肝组织肝细胞脂肪变性、脂质堆积;与模型组相比,当飞利肝宁组小鼠肝脏SOD活性明显升高(P0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P0.05)。(3)模型组小鼠肝脏Nrf2、HO-1、GSTP1、NQO1及CYP2E1的mRNA表达水平较正常组均显著下降(P0.05,P0.01),当飞利肝宁胶囊干预可明显上调模型小鼠肝脏Nrf2、GSTP1及NQO1的mRNA表达水平(P0.05)。(4)模型组小鼠肝脏Nrf2和CYP2E1的蛋白表达水平较正常组明显降低(P0.05,P0.01),当飞利肝宁胶囊干预可明显升高模型小鼠肝脏Nrf2和CYP2E1的蛋白表达水平(P0.05)。结论:当飞利肝宁胶囊对高脂饮食诱导的NAFLD小鼠具有良好的治疗作用,其作用机制与降低Nrf2介导的肝脏氧化应激水平有关。     

血府逐瘀汤对刀豆蛋白A诱导小鼠肝纤维化的防治作用

目的:探索血府逐瘀汤对刀豆蛋白A(Con A)诱导小鼠肝纤维化的防治作用。方法:将Balb/c雄性小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组及治疗组。模型组与治疗组按照12.5 mg/kg小鼠体质量予以尾静脉注射Con A,正常组予注射相应剂量生理盐水,1次/周,共10周。治疗组于造模同时予血府逐瘀汤药液10 ml/kg小鼠体质量灌胃,正常组及模型组予以等量饮用水,1次/d。10周后,处死各组小鼠,全自动生化仪检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和白蛋白(Alb);HE和天狼星红染色观察肝组织炎症和胶原沉积;碱水解法检测肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量;RT-PCR法检测肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)及Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原(Col I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)表达。结果:模型组小鼠ALT和AST活性均较正常组明显升高(P0.05);肝组织HE染色可见肝细胞坏死和大量炎性细胞浸润;天狼猩红染色可见大量胶原沉积和假小叶形成;肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1及ColⅠ、Ⅲ、ⅣmRNA表达较正常组显著升高(P0.01)。与模型组相比,治疗组ALT、AST水平明显降低(P0.05);肝脏炎症和胶原沉积明显改善;α-SMA、TGF-β1及ColⅠ、Ⅲ、ⅣmRNA表达显著下调(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:血府逐瘀汤可通过减轻肝脏炎症和抑制肝星状细胞(HSC)活化减少胶原合成而改善Con A诱导的小鼠肝纤维化。     

姜黄素对阻塞性黄疸模型大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其机制

[目的]探讨姜黄素对阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝损伤的保护作用及其机制.[方法]利用胆总管结扎法制作大鼠阻塞性黄疸模型,随机分组.姜黄素给药组每日灌胃给予姜黄素400mg/kg,于第14d采集各组血液及肝组织,用ELISA法检测血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及总胆红素(TBIL)的水平,并利用HE染色和Western blot法观察肝组织形态学变化及α-SMA表达水平.[结果]阻塞性黄疸模型组大鼠血清中ALT,AST及TBIL水平均明显增高(P<0.05);HE染色结果显示,阻塞性黄疸模型组大鼠肝脏组织结构受损,发生肝纤维化,肝组织中α-SMA表达水平增高.姜黄素给药组ALT,AST及TBIL水平均明显低于阻塞性黄疸模型组(P<0.05),姜黄素给药组肝纤维化程度有所减轻,肝组织中α-SMA表达水平明显低于阻塞性黄疸模型组(P<0.05).[结论]姜黄素可改善阻塞性黄疸大鼠受损肝脏纤维化程度,减轻肝损伤,对肝脏有一定的保护作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.