电刺激小脑顶核治疗非器质性失眠症临床观察

目的:评价电刺激小脑顶核治疗非器质性失眠症的临床疗效.方法:根据ICD-10,选择非器质性失眠症患者80例,正常对照组20例.非器质性失眠症组用电刺激小脑顶核的方法治疗,结合体动记录仪评价电刺激小脑顶核治疗前后睡眠参数的变化;同时,测定匹茨堡睡眠质量指数和血浆食欲素Orexin-A、Orexin-B的水平.结果:非器质性失眠症患者电刺激小脑顶核治疗前与对照组相比,实际觉醒时间、睡眠潜伏期、平均每次觉醒时间显著延长(P<0.05),睡眠效率、平均静息状态时长显著降低(P<0.05),平均活动分数和割裂指数显著升高(P<0.05).治疗后,除了总睡眠时间外,其他参数较治疗前均有显著改善(P<0.05).与对照组相比,除了睡眠效率和平均每次觉醒时间2个参数外,其他参数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).匹茨堡睡眠质量指数也存在类似的趋势.各组间Orexin-A、Orexin-B的水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:电刺激小脑顶核可以作为一种治疗非器质性失眠症的新途径.     

失眠症患者睡眠质量、心理健康状况及其多导睡眠图的研究

目的探讨失眠症患者的睡眠质量、心理健康状况及其相互关系,并通过对多导睡眠图(PSG)睡眠参数的定量分析,对失眠症患者的主客观睡眠状况进行评估.方法对失眠症患者和正常人各98例分别运用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)、症状自评量表问卷(SCL-90)进行评定,并分别进行多导睡眠图的整夜睡眠描记,次日晨起后询问夜间睡眠情况.结果失眠症组PSQI各成分得分及总分均高于对照组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);失眠症组SCL-90评定总分及躯体化、抑郁、焦虑各因子分[分别为(72.89±25.67)分,(2.13±0.49)分,(2.25±0.69)分]与对照组[分别为(31.28±12.73)分,(1.81±0.58)分,(0.73±0.57)分]比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).失眠症组的睡眠潜伏期延长、总睡眠时间减少、觉醒次数增多、睡眠效率降低、快眼动睡眠时间减少[分别为(43.69±11.54)分,(314.65±91.89)分,(9.89±9.07)分,(64.51±18.59)分,(33.26±15.61)分],与对照组[分别为(16.01±10.44)分,(446.41±77.81)分,(3.54±2.89)分,(91.32±3.58)分,(93.21±21.63)分]相比,差异有显著性(P＜0.01).失眠症组自我对总睡眠时间的评估较PSG检测值显著减低、对睡眠潜伏期的评估较PSG检测值显著增高,自我评估与实际睡眠时间不一致.结论失眠症患者不仅睡眠质量差,且伴有较多的心身症状.失眠越严重,心身症状就越明显.失眠症患者的PSG各睡眠参数有特征性的改变,利用PSG定量分析可区分出主观性失眠和客观性失眠.失眠症患者对失眠情况的主观评估与客观检测结果不一致,存在过高估价睡眠潜伏期和过低估价睡眠时间的倾向.     

失眠症患者的多导睡眠图检测及其与心理卫生状况的相关研究

目的探讨失眠症患者的睡眠行为、生理的变化及其与心理卫生状况间的联系.方法对69例失眠症患者及25名正常对照者进行睡眠行为调查及全夜多导睡眠图(PSG)检测;采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及艾森克个性问卷(EPQ),对69例失眠症患者进行测试.结果(1)与对照组比较,失眠症组睡眠潜伏期延长[(40.7±21.3)min],总睡眠时间减少[(317.8±88.6)min],觉醒次数增多[(9.5±5.5)次],睡眠效率下降[(75.5±8.6)%],深睡眠减少[(7.8±3.8)%];(P＜0.05-0.01).(2)失眠症患者SCL-90的抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分与觉醒次数、觉醒时间有显著相关性(P＜0.01);N量表分与SCL-90的各因子分间有显著相关性(P＜0.01).结论失眠症患者存在睡眠行为及睡眠生理的异常变化,并与其心理卫生状况及个性特征有关.     

舍曲林治疗原发性失眠症的临床研究

目的 探索舍曲林在原发性失眠症的治疗中是否有效,并比较舍曲林与劳拉西泮治疗原发性失眠症的临床疗效.方法 18名原发性失眠症患者,随机分为2组,分别接受舍曲林与劳拉西泮治疗.采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)及睡眠日记评定疗效.结果 治疗1w末,劳拉西泮组患者睡眠状况显著改善,而舍曲林组则无明显变化;治疗第2周末,舍曲林组患者睡眠状况显著改善,总睡眠时间及PSQI与治疗前及劳拉西泮组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而劳拉西泮组患者的睡眠又恢复到治疗前水平;治疗结束时(第8周末)及治疗结束后3个月末,舍曲林组患者的睡眠状况依然好于治疗前及劳拉西泮组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 舍曲林可以有效治疗原发性失眠症,远期疗效优于苯二氮(卓)类药劳拉西泮.     

苯二氮卓类药物依赖失眠症患者睡眠质量应付方式及人格特征的研究

目的 探讨失眠症患者苯二氮卓类(BZD)药物依赖的人格特征和应付方式.方法 采用多导睡眠图、明尼苏达多相人格问卷(MMPI)、应付方式问卷对符合CCMD-3诊断标准的20例失眠症药物依赖组和20例非药物依赖组进行测评,并与20名正常人比较.结果 (1)失眠症组睡眠效率则明显低于对照组[(66.5±7.34)min,(86.45±6.58)min,P＜0.01],药物依赖组REM睡眠时间明显低于非依赖组[(27.40±7.67)min,(44.30±12.91)min,P＜0.05].(2)失眠症组MMPI量表评定,2组在Hs、D、Hy、Pd、Pa、Pt的T分显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),但2组比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).(3)应付方式中失眠症组不成熟应付方式高于对照组、成熟应付方式低于对照组低于(P＜0.01).依赖组和非依赖组比较,解决问题[(0.51±0.13)分,(0.63±0.14)分]、求助低于非依赖组,自责、幻想、退避评分高于非依赖组(P＜0.05～0.01).结论 失眠与患者人格特征关系密切,不成熟的应付方式与BZD药物依赖的形成有关.     

不同病因白天过度嗜睡患者嗜睡相关因素研究

目的 探讨不同病因的白天过度嗜睡患者嗜睡相关因素,为临床诊断治疗及行为指导提供帮助.方法 病例按诊断分为特发性过度睡眠组(A组,n =21)、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合症组(B组,n =13)、发作性睡病组(C组,n =15),均采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和Epworth嗜睡程度量表(ESS)进行睡眠质量和嗜睡程度评定,采用多次小睡潜伏期试验(MSLT)进行实验室检查.结果 3组患者PSQI总分、睡眠质量、睡眠障碍两因子分B组[(7.85±1.72)分,(1.77±1.01)分,(2.38±0.65)分]均高于A组与C组,差异有极显著性( F =18.37 11.21 25.67,P ＜0.01),而C组显著高于A组( P ＜0.05).ESS评分3组间比较B组[(14.31±3.98)分]显著高于A组与C组,均差异有极显著性( F =5.67,P ＜0.01);且A组与C组ESS总分均＞6分,而B组＞11分,MSLT测试各因子均差异有极显著性(均P ＜0.01).两两比较睡眠发作次数C组高于A、B组( P ＜0.05或0.01),B组高于A组( P ＜0.01);睡眠潜伏期C组短于A、B组( P ＜0.05或0.01),且B组短于A组( P ＜0.01);快眼动睡眠次数C组高于A、B组( P ＜0.01),快眼动睡眠潜伏期较A、B组显著缩短( P ＜0.01).结论 不同原因的EDS患者其睡眠质量、嗜睡程度、MLST各有特征,对患者采用PSQI、ESS评定和MSLT测试综合评价,有助于临床诊断、治疗及行为指导.     

内观认知疗法治疗大学生非器质性失眠症临床观察

目的:内观认知疗法治疗非器质性失眠症的疗效观察。方法:非器质性失眠症患者60例,随机分为研究组和对照组各30例,其中研究组采用内观认知疗法（NCT）干预,对照组保持与研究组相同时间的安静独处,治疗周期均为1周。于治疗前和治疗结束1月后对两组同时进行匹兹堡睡眠指数量表（PSQI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、自尊量表（SES）、自我和谐量表（SCCS）等心理量表评估,于治疗前和治疗结束后进行1月智能手环（SB）睡眠监测,比较各项指标治疗前后和组间差异。结果:研究组治疗前后PSQI总分、成分1（睡眠质量）、成分2（入睡时间)、成分4（睡眠效率）、成分7（日间功能障碍）有显著性差异（P<0.01）;研究组治疗前后SAS、SES、SCCS总分有统计学差异（P<0.01）;研究组SB监测结果治疗前后3项指标比较均有显著性差异（P<0.01）;对照组所有量表及SB监测结果治疗前后均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论:内观认知疗法对大学生非器质性失眠症有治疗作用。     

足底按摩结合护理干预对失眠症患者睡眠质量的影响

目的 观察足底按摩结合护理干预对失眠患者睡眠质量的影响.方法 将86例失眠症患者随机分为治疗组(n=46)和对照组(n=40).治疗组用手法刺激与失眠有关的足底部脏腑器宫的相应反射区,并针对其影响睡眠质量的因素给予相应的护理干预.对照组予常规药物治疗及常规护理,两组治疗前后同时进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、焦虑白评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评定.结果 治疗组治疗前后的PSQI各因子评分和总分及SAS、SDS评分均有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01);两组治疗前后差值间的比较,PSQI各因子评分和总分及SAS、SDS评分有显著性或非常显著性差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 足底按摩结合护理干预能有效地改善失眠症患者的睡眠质量.     

失眠症患者心理防御机制与睡眠质量关系的研究

目的探讨失眠症患者心理防御特征和睡眠质量,并分析二者的关系.方法采用心理防御方式问卷(DSQ)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)对失眠症患者和正常健康者各50例进行评定.结果患者组心理防御方式(不成熟型、中间型防御因子和掩饰因子的因子分高,成熟防御因子分低)和睡眠质量与对照组相比,差异有显著性;相关分析发现,患者组不成熟防御机制与PSQI的总分呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论失眠症患者心理防御机制的成熟程度较正常人低,睡眠质量差,二者存在一定的关系.     

针刺四神聪配合舒眠胶囊治疗老年失眠症的疗效观察

目的观察针刺四神聪穴位配合舒眠胶囊治疗老年失眠症的疗效。方法 90例老年失眠症患者随机分为针刺组和对照组,两组均使用舒眠胶囊药物治疗,针刺组同时联合针刺四神聪治疗,观察4周。采用多导睡眠(PSG)监测技术和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评定疗效。结果两组有效率比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗4周末后,两组睡眠脑电图各项数据和PSQI评分与治疗前比较有统计学意义(均P0.05);针刺组与对照组在实际睡眠总时间、睡眠效率、睡眠维持率、睡眠潜伏期、REM(快速眼动)潜伏期、REM睡眠比例、夜间觉醒次数、觉醒总时间、PSQI评分比较有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论针刺四神聪联合舒眠胶囊对老年失眠症患者有较好的效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.