Application of spiral CT image 3D reconstruction in severe talar neck fracture

Objective： To explore the application of the spiral computerized tomography （CT） image three-dimensional （ 3D ） reconstruction technique associated with the conventional radiography in the diagnosis and treatment of severe talar neck fracture. Methods： Using the multi-slice spiral CT image 3D reconstruction technique, we analysed Ⅱ cases of talar neck fracture. The fractures were reduced and fixed through a minimal incision and internal fixation with titanium cannulated lag screws. Results. In the Ⅱ cases, the results of CT image 3D reconstruction were in concordance with plain radiograph in 6 case of Hawkins type Ⅱ. And the remaining 5 cases of Hawkins types Ⅲ and Ⅳ could not be classified exactly only by radiographs, one of whom was misdiagnosed. After using the CT image 3D reconstruction, the 5 cases were classified exactly before osteosynthesis. The classifications of these Ⅱ cases were confirmed finally by surgical findings. The duration of operation were 45-Ⅰ40 min, averaging 8Ⅰ min （including the duration of C-arm fluoroscopy）. X-ray exposure time was 6-58 seconds, averaging 22 seconds. The blood loss was less than Ⅰ00 ml. The fracture union was achieved in 3 months. No nonunion, talus avascular necrosis or joint surface collapse occurred. Postoperative follow-up was from Ⅰ to 25 months. According to Hawkins score, excellent result was found in 6 type Ⅱ cases and Ⅰ type Ⅲ case; good result in I type Ⅲ case with both medial and lateral malleolar fracture, Ⅰ type Ⅲ with medial malleolus fractures and Ⅰ open type Ⅲ; fair result in Ⅰ open type Ⅳ with lateral malleolus fracture. Conclusions ： By using the multl-slice spiral CT image 3D reconstruction associated with radiography to diagnose and treat severe talar neck fractures, the accuracy of diagnosis can be improved obviously. Based on this technique, more consummate operational plan can be designed and performed so as to achieve a better therapeutic effect.     

重度开放性Pilon骨折的治疗

Objective To discuss the operative methods, timing and outcomes of severe open Pilon fractures. Methods From April 2003 to July 2008, 21 patients with open Pilon fractures were admitted. All the patients were type C fracture according to AO/OTA classification, including 17 cases of type C2 and 4 cases of type C3. According to Gustilo classification, there were 18 cases of type Ⅱ, 2 cases of type ⅢA, 1 case of type ⅢB. The patients were treated in two different ways: one-stage minimally invasive osteosynthesis for reconstruction of the articular surface with transarticular external fixation of the ankle (19 cases),which included 16 cases of Gustilo Ⅱ AO/OTA C2, 2 cases of type Gustilo Ⅱ AO/OTA C3 and 1 case of type Gustilo ⅢA AO/OTA C2. Formal open reconstruction of the articular surface by plating and external fixation was performed when the condition of soft tissue had improved (2 cases), which included 1 cases of type Gustilo ⅢA AO/OTA C3 and 1 cases of type Gustilo Ⅲ B AO/OTA C3. Results All the patients were followed up from 6 to 48 months, with the mean of 24 months. The outcome of reduction was evaluated by the Burwell-Charnley score. Anatomical reduction was found in 6 cases, function reduction was in 14 cases and poor reduction was 1 case. The heal-time ranged from 2.5 to 11 months, with the mean of 4.7 months. The delayed union occurred in 2 cases. The rate of delayed union was 9.5%. Two patients experienced skin superficial necrosis. There were superficial infection in 2 cases and deep infection in 1 case. The infection rate was 14.3%. Eight cases experienced early traumatic arthritis. The incidence of this complication was 38.1%.According to American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale for ankle joint, the result of the treatment was 66-94, with an average of 85.2. Conclusion It is important to have the optimal timing of surgery and reliable fixation according to fracture classification, the condition of soft tissue and time after injury. It is the key to evaluate the condition of soft tissue and protect the blood supply.     

选择性出入肝血流阻断用于肝脏巨大血管瘤的切除

目的 探讨右肝静脉阻断技术在累及第二肝门巨大肝血管瘤切除术中防止右肝静脉破裂大出血、空气栓塞的作用.方法 回顾分析2004年1月至2010年3月浙江省人民医院肝胆外科对12例累及第二肝门巨大肝血管瘤患者施行右肝静脉阻断技术行巨大肝血管瘤切除的临床资料.右肝静脉阻断方法采用血管带阻断或血管夹夹闭.无肝硬化患者同时采用第一肝门阻断(Pringle),或选择性入肝血流阻断;有肝硬化患者采用半肝入肝血流阻断.结果 12例患者中无1例分破肝静脉.右肝静脉血管阻断方法:血管夹夹闭法3例,血管带阻断法9例.11例无肝硬化患者行第一肝门阻断5例,6例行选择性入肝血流阻断,1例患者由于肝炎后肝硬化施行交替半肝血流阻断.12例患者血管瘤切除顺利,出血量200～5800 ml,平均出血量680 ml,其中3例患者未输血.出血量最大1例为肝动脉栓塞治疗2次的患者,血管瘤与隔肌粘连紧密,侧支循环丰富,解剖困难.无1例因肝静脉破裂而出血或发生空气栓塞.结论 切除累及第二肝门巨大肝血管瘤时施行右肝静脉阻断技术是安全,有效的.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate right hepatic veins exclusion in the prevention of massive bleeding and air embolism during the resection of huge hepatic cavernous hemangioma near the second hepatic portal. Method This is a retrospective study on the clinical data of 12 hepatic hemangioma patients at the Live Surgery Department of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from 2004. 1 to 2010.3. In all patients the huge hepatic cavernous hemangioma was adjoining the second hepatic portal. Block webbing or vascular clamp were used to exclude the right hepatic veins. Among the 11 patients without hepatic cirrhosis Pringle maneuvre was applied in 5 cases and selective hepatic inflow occlusion in 6 cases. Patients with hepatic cirrhosis used hemi-hepatic blood inflow occlusion. Results During the surgery no rupture of right hepatic vein happened. Nine patients used vascular block webbing and 3 patients used vascular clamp.Six patients without cirrhosis used the complete hepatic inflow occlusion and other patients without cirrhosis used hemi-hepatic blood inflow occlusion. Cirrhotic patients used hemi-hepatic blood inflow occlusion. All the operations were successful. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 200 - 5800 ml, averaging 680 ml. Three patients needed not blood transfusion. There was no right hepatic vein rupture or air embolism. Conclusion Right hepatic veins exclusion is a useful technique to prevent massive bleeding and air embolism caused by the rupture of right hepatic vein during the resection of huge hepatic cavernous hemangioma.     

Minimally invasive adjustable plate and anterior ring distraction reduction for fresh Denis type ⅡB sacral fracture with sacral nerve injury北大核心CSCD

Objective To explore the surgical techniques and clinical effects of minimally invasive adjustable plate (MIAP) together with distraction reduction by minimally invasive anterior pelvic ring internal fixator (INFIX) in the treatment of fresh Denis type ⅡB sacral fracture with sacral nerve injury. Methods From June 2017 to June 2020, 12 fresh Denis type ⅡB sacral fractures were treated by anterior-posterior distraction reduction and fixation with MIAP and INFIX. There were 8 males and 4 females, with an average age of 30 years (from 16 to 44 years). Preoperatively, imaging found Denis ⅡB fracture of the sacrum and magnetic resonance neurography of the lumbosacral plexus showed injury to the sacral nerve root at the sacral foramen. All patients had symptoms of S1 nerve root injury on the affected side after injury, with 9 cases of grade M0 and 3 cases of grade M1. The time from injury to operation averaged 11 days (from 5 to 19 days). INFIX combined with MIAP was used to distract and fixate the compressed sacral fracture. The quality of fracture reduction and recovery of sacral nerve function were evaluated postoperatively. Results According to the criteria proposed by Lindahl et al., the quality of fracture reduction was excellent in 8 cases, good in 2 and fair in 2. The 12 cases were followed up for an average of 20 months (from 12 to 36 months). All sacral fractures got united after an average of 6 weeks (from 5 to 8 months). At one-year follow-up, according to the criteria proposed by the Nerve Injuries Committee of the British Medical Research Council, the postoperative muscle strength recovery was evaluated as complete recovery in 10 cases and as partial recovery in 2 cases. Conclusion In the treatment of fresh Denis type ⅡB sacral fracture, MIAP combined with INFIX can obtain satisfactory clinical effects because the compressed sacrum can be effectively distracted, the sacral foramen be expanded and the sacral nerve be decompressed indirectly. © 2022 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. All rights reserved.     

骨盆骨肉瘤的外科治疗策略探讨

Objectives To investigate the clinical outcome of consecutive pelvic osteosarcoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy in a single institution, and to discuss the surgical strategy, resection and reconstruction. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cases with pelvic osteosarcoma underwent surgical procedures between June 2000 and June 2009. There were 12 male and 9 female with a mean age of 32 years. According to Enneking and Dunham pelvic classification system, type I was 3 cases, type I + IV 3 cases,type I + Ⅱ 4 cases,type Ⅱ + Ⅲ 4 cases,type I + Ⅱ + Ⅲ 1 case,type Ⅲ 1 case,and type I + Ⅱ + Ⅳ 5 cases. Among the 21 cases, 19 were diagnosed as classical osteosarcoma and 2 were diagnosed as low-grade pathologically. All the tumors were stage Ⅱ B. All the patients received en-bloc resection with 13 wide resection and 8 marginal resection. Thirteen patients underwent modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction, and 5 patients underwent rod-screw system reconstruction combined with autograft. Two patients received hemipelvectomy and one type Ⅲ patients had resection without reconstruction. The mean follow-up period was 30. 3 months (range,6. 0-87. 0). Results Thirteen patients out of 21 survived after treatment The overall survival rate was 61. 9% , and 23. 8% patients were alive without disease. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 44. 2% based on Kaplan-Meier curve. The local recurrence rate was 28.6% , among which 4 cases were type Ⅱ resection, 1 was type I resection, 1 was type I + Ⅳ resection. No local relapse was found on the hemipelvectomy and type Ⅲ resection cases. The local recurrence rate after wide resection was 23. 1% ,and 37. 5% for marginal resection. Nine patients had lung metastases and one patient was found bone and lymph node metastases. The MSTS 93 function score was 20. 6±5. 4 for 13 patients,and 22. 5±2. 1 for rod-screw reconstruction cases. The function score was 17. 7±5. 5 for hemipelvic prosthetic reconstruction. Conclusion Limb salvage procedures could be performed on most pelvic osteosarcoma cases, and satisfying function outcome could be achieved with proper reconstruction,however,the overall survival is still lower compared with those in extremities.     

Effect of dynamic hip screw on the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly

[Abstract] Objective： To discuss the indications, surgical procedures, and curative effect of dynamic hip screw （DHS） in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly. Methods： A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the clinical data of 42 elderly patients who had been treated for femoral neck fracture with DHS in our department between June 2009 and November 2011. There were 21 males and 21 females with a mean age of 68.5 years （range 60-75 years）. According to the Garden Classification, there were 19 cases of type II, 21 cases of type III and 2 cases of type IV fractures. By the Singh In- dex Classification, there were 3 cases of level 2, 19 cases of level 3 and 20 cases of level 4 fractures. The Harris cri- terion, complications and function recovery after operation were analysed. Results： The average hospitalization time in 42 patients was 11.2 days （range 7-21 days）. All patients were followed up for 12-26 months （mean 18 months）. No lung infection, deep venous thrombosis or other complications occurred. Partial backing-out of the screws was found in 2 cases. The internal fixation device was with- drawn after fracture healing. Internal fixation cutting was found in 1 case, and he had a good recovery after total hip arthroplasty. The time for fracture healing ranged from 3-6 months （average 4.5 months）. According to Harris criteri- on, 15 cases were rated as excellent, 24 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. The Harris scale was significantly improved from 30.52＋2.71 preoperatively to 86.61＋2.53 at 6 months post- operatively （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： DHS, being minimal invasive, al- lowing early activity and weight-bearing, is advisable for treatment of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. In addition, it can avoid complications seen in artificial joint replacement. It is especially suitable for patients with mild osteoporosis.     

骨盆骨肉瘤的外科治疗策略探讨

Objectives To investigate the clinical outcome of consecutive pelvic osteosarcoma treated with surgery and chemotherapy in a single institution, and to discuss the surgical strategy, resection and reconstruction. Methods Twenty-one consecutive cases with pelvic osteosarcoma underwent surgical procedures between June 2000 and June 2009. There were 12 male and 9 female with a mean age of 32 years. According to Enneking and Dunham pelvic classification system, type I was 3 cases, type I + IV 3 cases,type I + Ⅱ 4 cases,type Ⅱ + Ⅲ 4 cases,type I + Ⅱ + Ⅲ 1 case,type Ⅲ 1 case,and type I + Ⅱ + Ⅳ 5 cases. Among the 21 cases, 19 were diagnosed as classical osteosarcoma and 2 were diagnosed as low-grade pathologically. All the tumors were stage Ⅱ B. All the patients received en-bloc resection with 13 wide resection and 8 marginal resection. Thirteen patients underwent modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction, and 5 patients underwent rod-screw system reconstruction combined with autograft. Two patients received hemipelvectomy and one type Ⅲ patients had resection without reconstruction. The mean follow-up period was 30. 3 months (range,6. 0-87. 0). Results Thirteen patients out of 21 survived after treatment The overall survival rate was 61. 9% , and 23. 8% patients were alive without disease. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 44. 2% based on Kaplan-Meier curve. The local recurrence rate was 28.6% , among which 4 cases were type Ⅱ resection, 1 was type I resection, 1 was type I + Ⅳ resection. No local relapse was found on the hemipelvectomy and type Ⅲ resection cases. The local recurrence rate after wide resection was 23. 1% ,and 37. 5% for marginal resection. Nine patients had lung metastases and one patient was found bone and lymph node metastases. The MSTS 93 function score was 20. 6±5. 4 for 13 patients,and 22. 5±2. 1 for rod-screw reconstruction cases. The function score was 17. 7±5. 5 for hemipelvic prosthetic reconstruction. Conclusion Limb salvage procedures could be performed on most pelvic osteosarcoma cases, and satisfying function outcome could be achieved with proper reconstruction,however,the overall survival is still lower compared with those in extremities.     

儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折

Objective To discuss the characteristics, treatment method and prognosis of tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in children. Methods From January 1995 to December 2007, there were 25 cases (23 boys and 2 girls). The age at injury ranged from 12 to 16 years(average 13.5 years). All cases were unilateral involved (10 of left, 15 of right). All of the injuries resulted from participation in athletic activities, 10 in basketball, 7 while jumping, and 8 in football game. According to the classification of Ogden, there were 1 type 1A, 4 type 1B, 5 type 2A, 7 type 2B, 4 type 3A, and 4 type 3B fractures. One type 1A fracture was treated nonoperatively with east immobilization, and other 24 fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. Results All of 25 cases were followed from 14 months to 7 years (average 43 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 0°-140° 3 months after operation, and all of them recovered to pre-injury levels of activity by 6 months after operation. According to Mosier clinical assessment system, the final outcome was evaluated as excellent in all. Wound healed primary, no compartment syndrome was found. The time of bony union ranged from 2 to 5 months, with the mean time of 3 months. No complications of infection, ex-tremities deformity and inner fixation failure were found. Conclusion The tuberosity avulsion fracture in children is an uncommon and special type of epiphyseal injury. These fractures occur in the narrow range of 13 to 16 years of age. The majority of patients are males, and most of them are unilateral involved. This in-jury has an excellent outcome without deformity or functional loss, once adequate reduction and fixation of fracture fragments have been achieved.     

儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折

Objective To discuss the characteristics, treatment method and prognosis of tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in children. Methods From January 1995 to December 2007, there were 25 cases (23 boys and 2 girls). The age at injury ranged from 12 to 16 years(average 13.5 years). All cases were unilateral involved (10 of left, 15 of right). All of the injuries resulted from participation in athletic activities, 10 in basketball, 7 while jumping, and 8 in football game. According to the classification of Ogden, there were 1 type 1A, 4 type 1B, 5 type 2A, 7 type 2B, 4 type 3A, and 4 type 3B fractures. One type 1A fracture was treated nonoperatively with east immobilization, and other 24 fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. Results All of 25 cases were followed from 14 months to 7 years (average 43 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 0°-140° 3 months after operation, and all of them recovered to pre-injury levels of activity by 6 months after operation. According to Mosier clinical assessment system, the final outcome was evaluated as excellent in all. Wound healed primary, no compartment syndrome was found. The time of bony union ranged from 2 to 5 months, with the mean time of 3 months. No complications of infection, ex-tremities deformity and inner fixation failure were found. Conclusion The tuberosity avulsion fracture in children is an uncommon and special type of epiphyseal injury. These fractures occur in the narrow range of 13 to 16 years of age. The majority of patients are males, and most of them are unilateral involved. This in-jury has an excellent outcome without deformity or functional loss, once adequate reduction and fixation of fracture fragments have been achieved.     

儿童胫骨结节骨骺骨折

Objective To discuss the characteristics, treatment method and prognosis of tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture in children. Methods From January 1995 to December 2007, there were 25 cases (23 boys and 2 girls). The age at injury ranged from 12 to 16 years(average 13.5 years). All cases were unilateral involved (10 of left, 15 of right). All of the injuries resulted from participation in athletic activities, 10 in basketball, 7 while jumping, and 8 in football game. According to the classification of Ogden, there were 1 type 1A, 4 type 1B, 5 type 2A, 7 type 2B, 4 type 3A, and 4 type 3B fractures. One type 1A fracture was treated nonoperatively with east immobilization, and other 24 fractures with open reduction and internal fixation. Results All of 25 cases were followed from 14 months to 7 years (average 43 months). The range of motion of knee joint was 0°-140° 3 months after operation, and all of them recovered to pre-injury levels of activity by 6 months after operation. According to Mosier clinical assessment system, the final outcome was evaluated as excellent in all. Wound healed primary, no compartment syndrome was found. The time of bony union ranged from 2 to 5 months, with the mean time of 3 months. No complications of infection, ex-tremities deformity and inner fixation failure were found. Conclusion The tuberosity avulsion fracture in children is an uncommon and special type of epiphyseal injury. These fractures occur in the narrow range of 13 to 16 years of age. The majority of patients are males, and most of them are unilateral involved. This in-jury has an excellent outcome without deformity or functional loss, once adequate reduction and fixation of fracture fragments have been achieved.     

暂时性腹主动脉阻断术在骨盆骨折大出血急救中的应用

目的探讨股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断术治疗严重骨盆骨折大出血的急救方法。方法2003年5月-2007年5月，对14例复杂性骨盆骨折后3—6h内经多通道输血3000mL左右、输液3000mL左右而生命体征不能维持的患者采用股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断术治疗，同时行髂内血管结扎，腹膜后止血处理。结果14例骨盆骨折大出血患者均被成功抢救。出血量最多者为8000mL，平均回输血量为4000mL。患者术后病情平稳，降低了因骨盆骨折大出血而造成的一系列并发症的发生，取得满意的治疗效果。结论骨盆骨折大出血的早期急救是降低死亡率的主要环节，应该积极、正确、动态、迅速评估患者的伤情。不能过于保守，以免延误病情。错失抢救时机。股动脉插管暂时性腹主动脉阻断术是有效的止血方法之一。     

低位腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在复杂骨盆和盆腔部位手术中的应用

目的 探讨低位腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在复杂骨盆和盆腔部位手术中的临床应用价值.方法 14例复杂骨盆和盆腔部位手术患者,术中采用低位腹主动脉球囊阻断技术,严密观察患者术中血流动力学变化,记录患者术中出血量,术前、术后凝血功能、肾功能的变化,并术后随访72 h.结果 手术过程顺利,血流动力学稳定.术中失血量50～4 000 ml,平均失血量928 ml,10例患者接受输血,输血量400～4 000 ml,平均输血量733 ml,4例患者未输血.手术前后凝血功能、肾功能指标差异无统计学意义.术后无肢体血栓形成、缺血性坏死及肾功能衰竭等并发症发生.结论 低位腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在复杂骨盆和盆腔部位手术操作简便,效果确切,有较好的临床使用价值.     

不透视腹主动脉低位阻断在凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产中的应用

目的探索无X线引导定位球囊置入腹主动脉低位阻断术在凶险性前置胎盘(PPP)剖宫产术中的应用价值。方法对术前诊断为PPP、不愿X射线照射的14例孕妇及1例术中发生大出血的孕妇,利用解剖标志和手法定位将球囊置入腹主动脉行低位阻断术。结果15例腹主动脉低位阻断术均成功,14例术前置入球囊者,术中出血量为200~900ml,平均(670±247)ml,术后仅1例因术前贫血伴出血者接受输血,7例行子宫动脉栓塞术;均未切除子宫;另1例术中大出血后紧急抢救置入球囊者顺利完成次全子宫切除术。全部病例均无并发症发生。结论无X线引导定位实施球囊置入行腹主动脉低位阻断对手术的顺利实施有一定价值。     

髋臼上方置钉外固定支架治疗伴腹部脏器损伤的骨盆骨折

 目的 探讨髋臼上方置钉外固定支架治疗伴腹部脏器损伤骨盆骨折的疗效、特点及手术 方法。方法 2009年 3月至 2010年 12月, 治疗 17例伴腹部脏器损伤的骨盆骨折患者, 男 9例, 女 8 例;年龄 21~75岁, 平均 42岁。根据 Tile分型, B1型 7例, B2型 3例, B3型 2例, C1型 4例, C2型 1例。 其中合并失血性休克 15例, 合并会阴部损伤 2例, 合并四肢骨折 12例。应用经髋臼上方置钉外固定支 架复位和固定治疗。采用 Cole等及 Matta和 Tornetta标准对术后疗效进行评价。结果 17例患者全部 获得随访, 随访时间 2~18个月, 平均 6.5个月, 所有骨折均愈合, 愈合时间 8~12周, 平均 9.2周。术后 3 例患者出现一过性股外侧皮神经麻痹, 口服营养神经药物弥可保 1个月后缓解;5例发生软组织内钉道 感染, 经换药、清创、抗感染等综合治疗后 4例愈合, 1例在骨折愈合拆除外固定支架后愈合。根据 Cole 等提出的骨盆骨折效果评分表进行功能评价, 优 15例、良 1例、可 1例, 优良率为 94.12%。按照 Matta 和 Tornetta标准对骨折复位进行评估, 优 12例、良 3例、可 2例, 优良率为 88.24%。结论 经髋臼上方 置钉外固定支架治疗伴腹部脏器损伤的骨盆骨折具有创伤小, 操作简单, 固定可靠的特点。     

骨盆创伤知名血管损伤的紧急处理策略

目的 探讨骨盆创伤中骨盆知名血管损伤时的紧急处理策略。方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2021年10月山东省立医院收治的58例骨盆知名血管损伤病人的临床资料，其中男36例，女22例，年龄为（47.9±14.8）岁（24~75岁）。其中“死亡冠”血管损伤15例（医源性损伤8例）；臀上动静脉损伤17例（医源性损伤7例）；臀下动静脉损伤6例（医源性损伤1例）；阴部内动脉损伤13例；髂外动静脉（股动静脉）损伤7例（医源性损伤3例）。所有病人根据不同的血管损伤机制，术中根据不同的情况分别选择直接血管结扎、纱布填塞、血管造影栓塞或联合腹主动脉阻断等方法急救止血。结果 58例骨盆知名血管损伤的病人，其中有55例病人得到成功的处理，术后存活。其中2例因“死亡冠”血管损伤所致的大出血死亡，1例因臀上动脉医源性损伤所致的大出血死亡。结论 临床医生在面对骨盆及臀部创伤时要充分了解并掌握骨盆知名血管损伤的预防和处理，同时也不能忽视骨盆知名血管的潜在损伤。了解骨盆骨折类型与血管损伤的潜在联系，对于“死亡冠”血管，可行预防性结扎避免损伤，一旦损伤在无法结扎的情况下应纱布填塞压迫止血结合介入栓塞；对于臀上和臀下血管，造影栓塞可作为第一选择，必要时可联合腹主动脉球囊阻断；对于阴部内动脉，纱布填塞及造影栓塞均有较好的效果；对于髂外血管的损伤，可在腹主动脉球囊阻断下行血管修补或置换。当骨盆知名血管损伤时，根据具体情况，掌握止血急救的措施，根据自已医院条件和自身的经验选择合适的方法，提高病人的预后和生存率。     

严重骨盆骨折合并毗邻脏器损伤的救治

目的探讨严重骨盆骨折合并毗邻脏器损伤的急诊处理方法。方法对14年中收治的79例严重骨盆骨折合并毗邻脏器损伤患者的资料做回顾性分析。结果骨盆大出血行髂内动脉结扎术33例、栓塞术8例;膀胱造口和后期尿道重建35例、尿道会师术7例;腹膜外直肠伤做结肠造口并骶前引流13例、一期修补4例;腹膜内结直肠伤一期手术19例、结肠造口3例。死亡率9％(7／79),主要死于休克和合并伤。共发生并发症7例：直肠膀胱瘘4例、右髂总动脉血栓形成1例、胸伤后急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)1例、截瘫1例,除截瘫均治愈。结论迅速准确的诊断治疗是成功的关键。髂内动脉断血术配合骨盆外固定支架的使用、膀胱造口和乙状结肠近端造口,是危重患者急诊治疗时常采用的有效方法。     

球囊导管腹主动脉阻断术控制骨盆及下腰椎肿瘤手术出血

目的探讨球囊导管腹主动脉阻断术控制骨盆及下腰椎肿瘤手术出血的临床意义、应用经验与适应证选择。方法本组16例患者(骨盆肿瘤14例,下腰椎肿瘤2例)。使用AngiostartTOP1250mA血管机配置的径线测量软件计算阻断部位腹主动脉的直径,选取直径大于测量数值1～2mm的双腔球囊导管,将球囊置于肾动脉远端的腹主动脉段。切开皮肤前充盈球囊。每次充盈时间为45min,间歇10min,使手术操作在腹主动脉血流暂时阻断的情况下得以完成。结果16例中,手术时间为45～150min,平均90min;术中出血量400～2000ml,14例骨盆肿瘤平均出血800ml,2例下腰椎肿瘤出血分别为1500ml和2000ml。本组病例均未发生下肢静脉血栓形成、肢体远端缺血性坏死、肾功能衰竭等并发症。结论球囊导管腹主动脉阻断术阻断血流可靠,能大幅度减少手术出血,不增加新的切口和损伤,减少了选择性动脉栓塞的并发症,提高了手术安全性。     

Management of severe pelvic fracture associated with injuries of adjacent viscera

everepelvicfractureassociatedwithinjuriesofadjacentviscerahasahighmortality .Thefirst”goldenhour”aftertraumashouldbegrasped ,sincethemanagementinthishourcandeterminegreatlywhetherthecritically injuredvictimcouldsurvive .Inthispaper ,theexperienceintheemergencymanagementofsuch patientsisreviewedinordertoimprovethetherapeuticoutcome .METHODSSeventyninepatientswithseverepelvicfractureassociatedwithinjuriesofadjacentvisceratreatedinourDepartmentfromJanuary 1990toDecember 2 0 0 3werereviewedr…     

长重建钢板结合MIPPO技术固定骨盆前环骨折

目的: 探讨长重建钢板结合微创经皮钢板内固定术(minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPO)技术治疗不稳定骨盆骨折前环骨折疗效。方法: 自2013年1月至2019年2月收治16例不稳定骨盆骨折患者,其中男12例,女4例;年龄20~60岁,平均46.5岁。骨盆骨折依据Tile分型,B1型4例,B2型6例,C1型4例,C2型2例。所有骨折为闭合性,受伤至手术时间7~10 d,平均6.2 d。术后对16例患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折复位质量、骨折愈合时间、并发症情况及肢体功能进行评价。结果: 16例患者均获得随访,时间12~23个月,平均19.1个月。手术时间60~180 min,平均107.8 min;术中出血量120~600 ml,平均368.1 ml;骨折愈合时间12~20周,平均16.3周。依据Matta标准对骨折复位情况进行评价,优6例,良8例,可2例。1例患者术中股外侧皮神经损伤,术后出现大腿外侧感觉减退,6个月后恢复;1例患者由于自觉髂窝处内固定物刺激疼痛,内固定取出后症状改善,16例患者骨折均取得满意愈合,无内固定物松动。末次随访Majeed评分67~95分,优10例,良4例,可2例。结论: 运用长重建钢板结合MIPPO技术通过前方入路闭合复位固定骨盆前环骨折,损伤小,术中出血时间少,节省手术时间,术中安全性及骨折愈合率高,术后可早期功能锻炼,能有效治疗骨盆前环骨折。     

直肠癌术中盆腔大出血的预防和处理

目的：介绍直肠癌根治手术中防治盆腔大出血的处理经验。方法：１９９３年８月～２０００年４月,共完成直肠癌根治手术６２７例。术中因血管损伤而发生大出血者１２例,计骶前静脉丛６例、骶椎静脉１例、前列腺静脉丛２例、髂内动静脉分支２例,髂总静脉１例。防治方法：术者应掌握盆腔解剖,力求沿间隙操作,保护好骶前静脉丛,沿髂内动脉内侧镰状筋膜处理侧韧带。肿瘤浸润阴道或前列腺时可边切除边缝合,盆腔侧壁轻度浸润者可在侧方淋巴结清除的同时,合并髂内动静分支结扎。发生盆腔大出血时,应根据出血部位和肿瘤情况,分别选用骶丛止血钉按法、纱布压迫止血法、缝所止血法或血管修补术。结果：本组出血率１．９１％,失血量〈１５０ｍｌ者５例,１５０～５００ｍｌ１６例,〉５００ｍｌ者１例。应用骶丛止血钉按压止血４例,纱布压迫止血法３例,髂内动脉分支缝扎２例,