可溶性fms-样酪氨酸激酶受体-1不同基因片段对视网膜新生血管的抑制作用

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of fms-like typrosine kinase receptor sFh-1 on retinal neovascularization (RNV). Methods Recombinant lentivirus sFh-1 ( 2-3 ) and sFh-1 ( 2-4 )expressing the sFh-1 (2-3) and (2-4) immunoglobulin-like regions of sFh-1 were constructed. 96 seven-dayold C57/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with 24 mice in each group. Group 1 : normal control;group 2: experimental control; group 3: sFlt-1(2-3); group 4: sFlt-1(2-4). The mice in group 2-4 were exposed to hyperoxia with (75±2)% O2 for 5 days and then returned to normoxia with 21% O2 ; the mice     

重组腺相关病毒-色素上皮衍生因子抑制氧诱导小鼠视网膜新生血管的作用

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 (rAAV2) mediated delivery of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization (OIRNV) in mice. Methods A total of 22 C57/BL6 mice at the age of 3 days received intravitreal injections of 1 μl rAAV2-PEDF and rAAV2-EGFP into the left eyes (experimental group) and the right eyes (control group). All mice were put into the oxygen box right after the injection to induce the OIRNV model. 4 mice were sacrificed and PEDF protein in retina was measured by western blot at postnatal days 13 (P13). Twelve mice underwent retinal angiography with high molecular weight fluorescein-dextran,and another 6 mice were sacrificed for retinal lectin immunohistochemistry staining at P17. Absolute and relative non-perfusion areas of retinal neovascularization were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 5.1 software.Results The expression level of PEDF protein was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group. The absolute non-perfusion area was (0. 96 + 0.22) mm2 in the experimental group and (1.96±0. 34) mm2 in the control group; the difference between the two groups was significant (t = -8. 554, P<0.01). The relative non-perfusion area was (8. 64 ± 1.52) % in the experimental group and (17. 27 ± 2. 98)% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (t = -8. 97, P<0. 01). The absolute area of retinal neovascularization was (0. 37 ± 0. 11) mm2 in the experimental group which was obviously higher than (1.26±0. 38) mm2 in the control group (t=-7. 8, P<0. 01); the relative areas in experimental and control groups was (3. 96 ± 0. 66) % and ( 11.45 ± 2. 06) %, respectively, whose difference is apparently (t=-8. 51, P<0. 01). The areas of retina neovascularization were (0. 11±0. 003)mm2 and (0.41±0.02)mm2 in the experimental and control groups, respectively, and the differencebetween the two groups was significant (t =- 5.14, P< 0. 01). Conclusions PEDF protein can stably express in the mice retina after rAAV2-PEDF transfetion, rAAV2-PEDF can decrease the retinal nonperfusion areas and inhibit the retinal neovascularization in OIRNV mice.     

重组腺相关病毒-色素上皮衍生因子抑制氧诱导小鼠视网膜新生血管的作用

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant adeno-associated virus type-2 (rAAV2) mediated delivery of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) on oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization (OIRNV) in mice. Methods A total of 22 C57/BL6 mice at the age of 3 days received intravitreal injections of 1 μl rAAV2-PEDF and rAAV2-EGFP into the left eyes (experimental group) and the right eyes (control group). All mice were put into the oxygen box right after the injection to induce the OIRNV model. 4 mice were sacrificed and PEDF protein in retina was measured by western blot at postnatal days 13 (P13). Twelve mice underwent retinal angiography with high molecular weight fluorescein-dextran,and another 6 mice were sacrificed for retinal lectin immunohistochemistry staining at P17. Absolute and relative non-perfusion areas of retinal neovascularization were analyzed by Image-Pro Plus 5.1 software.Results The expression level of PEDF protein was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group. The absolute non-perfusion area was (0. 96 + 0.22) mm2 in the experimental group and (1.96±0. 34) mm2 in the control group; the difference between the two groups was significant (t = -8. 554, P<0.01). The relative non-perfusion area was (8. 64 ± 1.52) % in the experimental group and (17. 27 ± 2. 98)% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (t = -8. 97, P<0. 01). The absolute area of retinal neovascularization was (0. 37 ± 0. 11) mm2 in the experimental group which was obviously higher than (1.26±0. 38) mm2 in the control group (t=-7. 8, P<0. 01); the relative areas in experimental and control groups was (3. 96 ± 0. 66) % and ( 11.45 ± 2. 06) %, respectively, whose difference is apparently (t=-8. 51, P<0. 01). The areas of retina neovascularization were (0. 11±0. 003)mm2 and (0.41±0.02)mm2 in the experimental and control groups, respectively, and the differencebetween the two groups was significant (t =- 5.14, P< 0. 01). Conclusions PEDF protein can stably express in the mice retina after rAAV2-PEDF transfetion, rAAV2-PEDF can decrease the retinal nonperfusion areas and inhibit the retinal neovascularization in OIRNV mice.     

川芎嗪对氧诱导视网膜病变中视网膜神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)on apoptosis of retinal neurons in oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).Methods 48 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group(n=18),OIR control group(n=18)and OIR TMP group(n=12).The mice of normal control group were raised in room air.From the postnatal day 7(P7),mice of the other two groups mice of OIR TMP group received intraperitoneal injection of TMP(200 mg/kg)once a day from P12 to P16.meanwhile the mice of normal control group and OIR control group were iniected with the same volume of normal saline containing of 0.1% DMSO.At P12,P14 and P17,the morphologic changes in retinal avascular zone and the number of retinal apoptotic cell were observed by HE staining and TUNEL assay.Results At P1 2.there were a few of chromatin condensation and pycnic nuclei in the inner nuclear layer (INL)of OIR control group.At P14,a great quantity(OIR control group)or some(OID TMP treated group)chromatin condensation and pycnic nuclei in the central INL were observed.At P17,the thickness of INL,inner plexiform layer(IPL)and outer plexiform layer(OPL)in the OIR control group were reduced;the thickness of INL,IPL and OPL in the OIR TMP group weas thinner than those in the normal control group and thicker than those in the OIR control group.At P12,the TUNEL-positive cells in the OIR control group was 6 times of the normal eontrol group(F=587.217,P＜0.001).At P14,the difference of TUNEL-positive cells in three groups was significant(F=587.217,P＜0.001);the TUNEL-positive cells in the OIR control group was 28 times of the normal control group(t=49.813,P＜0.001);the TUNEL-positive cells in the OIR TMP group has reduced 50% compared with the OIR controI group(t=42.434,P＜0.00 1).At P17,there was no significant difference in TUNEL-positive cells among the three groups (F=587.217,P>0.05).Conclusions TMP can inhibit apoptosis of retinal cells in OIR significantly.     

川芎嗪对氧诱导视网膜病变中视网膜神经细胞凋亡的抑制作用

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)on apoptosis of retinal neurons in oxygen-induced retinopathy(OIR).Methods 48 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group(n=18),OIR control group(n=18)and OIR TMP group(n=12).The mice of normal control group were raised in room air.From the postnatal day 7(P7),mice of the other two groups mice of OIR TMP group received intraperitoneal injection of TMP(200 mg/kg)once a day from P12 to P16.meanwhile the mice of normal control group and OIR control group were iniected with the same volume of normal saline containing of 0.1% DMSO.At P12,P14 and P17,the morphologic changes in retinal avascular zone and the number of retinal apoptotic cell were observed by HE staining and TUNEL assay.Results At P1 2.there were a few of chromatin condensation and pycnic nuclei in the inner nuclear layer (INL)of OIR control group.At P14,a great quantity(OIR control group)or some(OID TMP treated group)chromatin condensation and pycnic nuclei in the central INL were observed.At P17,the thickness of INL,inner plexiform layer(IPL)and outer plexiform layer(OPL)in the OIR control group were reduced;the thickness of INL,IPL and OPL in the OIR TMP group weas thinner than those in the normal control group and thicker than those in the OIR control group.At P12,the TUNEL-positive cells in the OIR control group was 6 times of the normal eontrol group(F=587.217,P＜0.001).At P14,the difference of TUNEL-positive cells in three groups was significant(F=587.217,P＜0.001);the TUNEL-positive cells in the OIR control group was 28 times of the normal control group(t=49.813,P＜0.001);the TUNEL-positive cells in the OIR TMP group has reduced 50% compared with the OIR controI group(t=42.434,P＜0.00 1).At P17,there was no significant difference in TUNEL-positive cells among the three groups (F=587.217,P>0.05).Conclusions TMP can inhibit apoptosis of retinal cells in OIR significantly.     

姜黄素对氧诱导的视网膜新生血管形成的影响

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of cureumin on the retinal neovasularization in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods A total of 72 C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal, OIR model, vehicle control [dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)], and curcumin group(100, 50, and 10 mg). The mice in normal group lived in normoxia condition; OIR model was set up according to standard methods in the literature. Five days after OIR establishment, the mice in curcumin group received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 0.1 ml curcumin (100, 50, and 10 mg), and the mice in DMSO group received an IP injection of 0. 1 ml 1‰ DMSO. All of the mice were executed at the age of postnatal day 17 (P17) and the eyeballs were collected. Endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the internal limiting membrane were counted after stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2),endostatin (ES), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) in the retina in each group were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods.Results Compared with the normal group, retinal neovascularization was found in OIR model group (P<0. 05). The number of endothelial cell nuclei was 46.00 ± 16. 00 in OIR model group and 0. 17 ± 0.41 in normal group (P<0. 05). The expression of VEGF-A, ES, and p-p38MAPK in 100 nag curcumin group differed statistically from which in 50 and 10 mg curcumin group (P<0. 05). The expression of VEGFR-2 was same in the three curcumin groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit the formation of retinal neovascularization; the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the expression of VEGFA and VEGFR-2, increasing the expression of ES, and inhibiting the p38MAPK signal transduction pathway.     

姜黄素对氧诱导的视网膜新生血管形成的影响

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of cureumin on the retinal neovasularization in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods A total of 72 C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal, OIR model, vehicle control [dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO)], and curcumin group(100, 50, and 10 mg). The mice in normal group lived in normoxia condition; OIR model was set up according to standard methods in the literature. Five days after OIR establishment, the mice in curcumin group received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 0.1 ml curcumin (100, 50, and 10 mg), and the mice in DMSO group received an IP injection of 0. 1 ml 1‰ DMSO. All of the mice were executed at the age of postnatal day 17 (P17) and the eyeballs were collected. Endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the internal limiting membrane were counted after stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2),endostatin (ES), and phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) in the retina in each group were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot methods.Results Compared with the normal group, retinal neovascularization was found in OIR model group (P<0. 05). The number of endothelial cell nuclei was 46.00 ± 16. 00 in OIR model group and 0. 17 ± 0.41 in normal group (P<0. 05). The expression of VEGF-A, ES, and p-p38MAPK in 100 nag curcumin group differed statistically from which in 50 and 10 mg curcumin group (P<0. 05). The expression of VEGFR-2 was same in the three curcumin groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit the formation of retinal neovascularization; the mechanism may be associated with inhibiting the expression of VEGFA and VEGFR-2, increasing the expression of ES, and inhibiting the p38MAPK signal transduction pathway.     

Effect of NF-κB Inhibitor PDTC on a Herpetic Stromal Keratitis Mouse Model

 Purpose: To investigate the effect of NF-κB inhibitor PDTC on inflammation response in mice with herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK). Methods: A total of 120 female BALB/c mice aged 4-6weeks were treated by scuffing the epithelium of the right cornea with the pinhead of 30G syringe, and approximately 1 ×106PFU of HSV-1virus was seeded onto the corneal surface.  The eye was then exposed to 170mJ/cm2 of UV light 7 weeks later, in order to induce the relapse of HSK. PDTC eye drops adjusted to various concentrations (0.1mg/ml, 1.0mg/ml and 10mg/ml ) with PBS, PBS only was used on control animals. All animals received PDTC or PBS eye drops 6 times/day, 1 drop/time for 7 consecutive days. Mice were sacrificed: 8h, 1d, 3d and 7d after administration. Corneal tissues were prepared for the detection of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12 by ELISA and histological study. Results: Neutrophilic leukocytes and lymphocytes were found in the cornea of HSK mice. ELISA results showed fluctuated expressions of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12. IL-1β and IL-4 of high dose group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05), while IL-6 and IL-12 of high dose group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: A high concentration of PDTC can suppress certain inflammatory factors in HSK mice while improve the expression of others.     

血管能抑素基因转移抑制视网膜新生血管的实验研究

Objective To observe the inhibitory effects of gene transfer of canstatin on retinal neovascularization in mice. Methods Fifty-six 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) group, empty vector group and treated group, 14 mices in each group. Except for the control group, the mice in the other groups were exposed to (75±2)% oxygen for 5 days and then back to the normal air to establish the model of OIR. On postnatal 12 day, the treated group was received intravitreal injection of canstatin pCMV-HA, while the empty vector group was received the same volume of empty plasmid. The changes of retinal vessels were observed by Evans blue angiography on postnatal 17 day. With parafin section which stained by hematoxylin and eosin, then the number of endotheliocyte nuclei breaking throuhgh the internal limiting membrane(ILM) was observed and counted by optical microscope. Results Retinal blood vessels distributed regularly in treated group compared with OIR group and empty vector group. The differences of the number of endotheliocyte nuclei breaking throuhgh ILM in treated group was significant compared with the other two groups(F= 39. 006, P< 0. 001).Conclusion The canstatin pCMV-HA can effectively inhibit the retinal neovascularization in OIR.     

血管能抑素基因转移抑制视网膜新生血管的实验研究

Objective To observe the inhibitory effects of gene transfer of canstatin on retinal neovascularization in mice. Methods Fifty-six 7-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) group, empty vector group and treated group, 14 mices in each group. Except for the control group, the mice in the other groups were exposed to (75±2)% oxygen for 5 days and then back to the normal air to establish the model of OIR. On postnatal 12 day, the treated group was received intravitreal injection of canstatin pCMV-HA, while the empty vector group was received the same volume of empty plasmid. The changes of retinal vessels were observed by Evans blue angiography on postnatal 17 day. With parafin section which stained by hematoxylin and eosin, then the number of endotheliocyte nuclei breaking throuhgh the internal limiting membrane(ILM) was observed and counted by optical microscope. Results Retinal blood vessels distributed regularly in treated group compared with OIR group and empty vector group. The differences of the number of endotheliocyte nuclei breaking throuhgh ILM in treated group was significant compared with the other two groups(F= 39. 006, P< 0. 001).Conclusion The canstatin pCMV-HA can effectively inhibit the retinal neovascularization in OIR.     

全氟萘烷液在眼内应用的实验研究

目的 探讨全氟萘烷(PFDL)在眼内存留不同时期眼组织结构、电生理改变及相关损伤机制.方法 选择白兔前房及玻璃腔内填充不同数量的PFDL,分别于术后6h、24h、72h、7d、30d、60d,对角膜和视网膜进行透射电镜检查,及角膜内皮镜和电生理检查.结果 术后24h到术后7d,观察到的病理改变为细胞水肿等变性反应;术后第30d、60d出现角膜内皮细胞密度显著下降,b波的振幅显著降低,角膜上皮及实质细胞坏死,细胞内质网扩张、脱颗粒,视网膜感光细胞膜盘变性、萎缩和坏死,细胞间及神经纤维层树突水肿等严重的不可逆的病理改变,在角膜内皮细胞和视网膜感光细胞发现有髓磷体的存在.结论 PFDL在眼内存留24h以上对视网膜及角膜有一定的毒性作用,其毒性作用机制与PFDL的重力压迫作用、产生自由基和PFDL破坏组织细胞的能量代谢有关,临床上不宜作眼内长期填充物.     

脉络膜黑色素瘤组织病理学分析

目的 观察脉络膜黑色素瘤的组织病理学特征。 方法 回顾分析64例病理确诊的脉络膜黑色素瘤病理资料。按照美国眼黑色素瘤多中心研究组的测量方法和WHO的分类标准，测量和观察大体标本中的肿瘤大小和光学显微镜下的肿瘤细胞学类型；以肿瘤前缘累及部位对肿瘤所处位置进行分类；以肿瘤细胞向外浸润程度对肿瘤蔓延程度进行分级。 结果 64例脉络膜黑色素瘤中，大肿瘤25例，占39.1%；中等大小肿瘤31例，占48.4%；小肿瘤8例，占12.5%。梭形细胞型42例，占65.6%,其中，梭形细胞A型15例,占23.4%，梭形细胞B型27例,占42.3%;上皮样细胞型7例,占10.9%;混合型10例,占15.6%;其它型5例,占7.8%。肿瘤细胞未累及巩膜者25例,占39.1%;累及巩膜但限于巩膜层内者22例,占34.4%;穿透巩膜全层达眼球表面者12例,占18.7%;眶内浸润者5例,占7.8%。 结论 脉络膜黑色素瘤组织病理学特征变化多样，临床上以梭形细胞型最常见，易伴巩膜浸润。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22: 161-165)     

前后段联合手术及硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离临床疗效.方法 回顾分析前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离患者48例48只眼的临床资料.患者均有高度近视史,视网膜脱离以后极部为主.裂隙灯前置镜和(或)光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查均发现黄斑裂孔.均行白内障超声乳化或抽吸联合玻璃体切割硅油充填,41例行内界膜(ILM)剥离,23例植入人工晶状体(10L).硅油取出的时间距第一次手术时间为3.5～48.0个月.取硅油前均行OCT检查.取硅油后随访观察均1年以上.结果 除5例外,其他患者手术后1周,前置镜检查均不能看到黄斑孔边缘;视力均有不同程度的提高.48例患者全部已取硅油.取硅油前OCT检查,黄斑孔愈合呈U型8例,V型为6例,W型为23例;未闭合11例.未闭合的11例经取硅油与膨胀气体充填后全部复位,其中,U型2例,W型9例.32例W型愈合者中2例患者在取油后13、38个月后出现视网膜脱离复发.最终黄斑裂孔U型和V型愈合者16例,占33.3%;W型愈合者32例,占66.7%.视网膜复位率为100.0%.结论前后段联合手术及硅油充填是治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的有效方法 ;OCT检查是确定黄斑孔是否封闭的客观标准.     

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描图像分型及其对临床的指导意义

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描(OCT)的类组织学分型可以分为单纯外层劈裂、外层和中层劈裂、外层和内层劈裂、多层劈裂4种情况.以彻底清除玻璃体后皮质及后部血管弓内的内界膜为重点的玻璃体视网手术是治疗病理性近视黄斑劈裂的主要选择.其中,单纯外层劈裂合并中心凹脱离者,手术后视功能改善较明显;而多层劈裂者视功能改善有限或不改善.合理剥除后皮质与内界膜起始点,应在未发生内层劈裂处.正确认识和了解病理性近视黄斑劈裂的OCT分型.对于选择玻璃体视网膜手术方式和判断治疗预后有积极意义.     

正确合理使用糖皮质激素:一个眼底病治疗中仍需重视的问题

糖皮质激素是临床上治疗眼底疾病的重要手段之一,除了抑制炎症反应以外,近年来也被用来治疗各种病因引起的黄斑水肿、脉络膜新生血管等;为增加局部药物浓度,减少全身副作用,给药途径也更多地采用球周和玻璃体腔注射等.但是随着该类药物的应用范围扩大,由此而引起的临床问题也逐渐增多.正确合理使用糖皮质激素,仍然是一个眼底病治疗中值得重视的问题.临床医生在决定应用糖皮质激素治疗眼底病之前,应尽可能明确疾病诊断,充分了解糖皮质激素的药理特点,正确掌握适应证,明确并发症和禁忌症,重视球周和玻璃体腔注射等局部给药途径的局部和全身影响,从而充分发挥糖皮质激素的治疗作用,最大限度地减少其并发症的发生.     

正确合理使用糖皮质激素:一个眼底病治疗中仍需重视的问题

糖皮质激素是临床上治疗眼底疾病的重要手段之一,除了抑制炎症反应以外,近年来也被用来治疗各种病因引起的黄斑水肿、脉络膜新生血管等;为增加局部药物浓度,减少全身副作用,给药途径也更多地采用球周和玻璃体腔注射等.但是随着该类药物的应用范围扩大,由此而引起的临床问题也逐渐增多.正确合理使用糖皮质激素,仍然是一个眼底病治疗中值得重视的问题.临床医生在决定应用糖皮质激素治疗眼底病之前,应尽可能明确疾病诊断,充分了解糖皮质激素的药理特点,正确掌握适应证,明确并发症和禁忌症,重视球周和玻璃体腔注射等局部给药途径的局部和全身影响,从而充分发挥糖皮质激素的治疗作用,最大限度地减少其并发症的发生.     

病理性近视黄斑裂孔患者黄斑区视网膜前膜的组织学观察

目的 观察病理性近视内界膜表面结构的组织学变化与黄斑裂孔发生发展的关系.方法 同顾分析行玻璃体切割手术的病理性近视黄斑裂孔患者34例34只眼的临床资料.患眼屈光度均超过-6.00 D,眼轴26.00～33.12 mm,平均眼轴长度27.74 mm.5只眼为黄斑裂孔无视网膜脱离(黄斑裂孔组),29只眼为黄斑裂孔合并后极部视网膜浅脱离(视网膜脱离组).对入选患眼行睫状体平坦部三切口的玻璃体切割手术,手术中观察Weiss环以判断玻璃体后脱离程度,获取34只眼的视网膜前膜及19只眼的内界膜组织标本,行苏木精-伊红(HE)及醋酸铀-枸橼酸铅双染色,采用光学及透射电子显微镜观察.结果 玻璃体切割手术中,5只眼出现Weiss环,24只眼的视网膜表面有多层玻璃体组织残留.光学显微镜观察发现,内界膜表面的视网膜前膜主要由玻璃体胶原纤维.星形胶质细胞及细胞外基质组成.透射电子显微镜观察发现,19只眼的内界膜标本中,5只眼可她内界膜一玻璃体胶原纤维-细胞的"三明治"样结构,1只眼可见内界膜损伤、表面组织牵引和星形胶质细胞移行.结论病理性近视玻璃体后界面劈裂、内界膜表面组织结构的变化是黄斑裂孔发生发展直至视网膜脱离的重要原因.     

上海市北新泾街道老年人高度近视眼的流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence of high myopia,the prevalence and risk factors of high myopia associated with chorioretinopathy in residents aged 60 years or over in Beixinjing community, Shanghai, China. Methods A cluster stratified random sampling method was used to screen 4153 people aged 60 and over in Beixinjing community. There were 3851participants in total with a 92.73% response rate. Participants were invited to complete a questionnaire and received a comprehensive eye examination including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp microscopic examination, direct ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography and so on. Spherical equivalent (SE) was used to determine the degree of refractive errors. The diagnosis of high myopic chorioretinopathy was made if SE>-6.00 D and myopic ehorioretinal atrophy lesions were presented such as posterior seleral staphyloma, lacquer cracks, Fuchs spot and myopic arc spots. The degree of visual acuity impairment was determined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification as low vision (the best corrected visual acuity≥0. 05, but <0.3) or blindness (the best corrected visual acuity < 0. 05). Results There were 207/3851 (5.37 %) high myopia patients, in which 183/207 (88.40%) patients were associated with myopic chorioretinopathy. The prevalence of myopic chorioretinopathy decreased while age increased (X2= 19.21, P<0.01), but statistically there was no gender difference (X2= 1.83, P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in the prevalence of high myopia between people with different age, educational levels and family history (X2= 19.21,32. 08,960. 68; P<0.01). There were 29 cases of bilateral blindness, 96 cases of unilateral blindness, 104 cases of bilateral low vision and 562 cases of unilateral low vision in those participants. In 183 cases of high myopic chorioretinopathy patients, 111(60.65 %)cases had an obvious visual impairment, including 34.48% (10 cases) of bilateral blindness, 11.46% (11 cases) of unilateral blindness, 29.81% (31 cases)of bilateral low vision and 10.50% (59 cases) of unilateral low vision. Conclusions The prevalence of high myopia of residents aged ≥ 60 years in Beixinjing community, Shanghai, China is relatively high. Age, education level and family history are the most important factors affecting the occurrence of chorioretinopathy in high myopia patients.     

增生性玻璃体视网膜病变眼玻璃体中白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子含量变化及意义

】　Objective　To determine the concentration of interleukin-12(IL-12),interleukin-2(IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and their possible role in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) ．　Methods　Patients were divided into 3 groups18 with PVR,7 with simples retinal detachment caused by macular hole and 4 samples from normal eyes were used as control.Samples of vitreous were obtained by aspiration through pars plana before cryotherapy,vitrectomy and gas injection and stored in liquid nitrogen at －70℃ within 30 minites for ELISA.　Results　 ①The levels of IL-12,IL-2,and TNF in the vitreous of PVR were positively correlated with the degree of severity of disease.②The levels of IL-12,IL-2,and TNF in the PVR were higher than those in simple retinal detachment caused by macular hole and those in control group(P＜0.01).③The levels of IL-12,IL-2,and TNF in retinal detachment caused by macular hole were also higher than those in the control group(P＜0.01).　Conclusion　IL-12,IL-2,and TNF may play a role at lease to some extent in the pathogenesis of PVR.     

壳聚糖神经保护机制研究进展

多种因素可造成视觉神经系统的不可逆性损伤,传统的治疗方法主要是药物疗法,但各种药物都存在着不同的优缺点.壳聚糖是一种生物相容性良好的天然阳离子多糖类聚合物,近来的研究表明,壳聚糖具有抗氧化、抗凋亡和抗神经炎的生物学特性,能够对各种原因导致的神经损伤发挥保护作用.就壳聚糖神经保护机制的研究进展进行综述.