应用N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冠心病合并糖尿病的患者发生造影剂肾病的预防作用

目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对冠心病合并糖尿病的患者发生造影剂肾病的预防作用。方法选取行冠脉造影或介入治疗的合并糖尿病的冠心病患者80例,随机分为对照组、NAC组。对照组给予0.9%生理盐水水化治疗,NAC组联合水化治疗给予NAC口服,比较造影前、造影后48 h、5 d血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、尿N-乙酰β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）及造影剂肾病发生率等。结果 NAC组造影后SCr、BUN、β2-MG、NAG等指标优于对照组,差异存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对合并糖尿病的冠心病患者NAC联合水化治疗预防造影剂肾病优于生理盐水水化治疗。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸预防老年急性心肌梗死患者 PCI 术后造影剂肾病的临床研究

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸在预防老年（年龄≥60岁）急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗术（PCI）后造影剂肾病（CIN）中的作用.方法 以2010年2月～2012年5月在北海市人民医院住院行急诊PCI的109例老年AMI患者为研究对象,随机分为水化＋N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗组（观察组,n=55）和水化＋安慰剂治疗组（对照组,n=54）.两组均同时予水化治疗,观察组在入院后即刻口服N-乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片1200 mg,术后3d,口服N-乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片1200 mg,2次/d;对照组则于相应的时间给予安慰剂治疗.术后24、48、72 h测定两组患者血清尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）水平.结果 观察组出现CIN 5例;而对照组发生CIN 14例,两组CIN发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组血管再通时间、支架数、造影剂用量比较[（6.25±l.82）min、（1.93±0.87）个、（158.7±36.2）mL比（6.78±l.63）min、（1.78±0.58）个、（150.9±33.2）mL],差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组术后72 h BUN、Scr[（8.23±2.37）mmol/L、（110.50±17.21）μmol/L]低于对照组[（9.47±3.90）mmol/L、（122.66±19.91） μmol/L],GFR高于对照组[（69.09±19.03）mL/min比（60.12±24.57）mL/min],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸应用于老年急诊PCI患者可减少CIN的发生,有效保护患者肾功能,值得进一步研究.     

阿托伐他汀与N-乙酰半胱氨酸预防PCI术后造影剂肾病的效果比较

目的:比较阿托伐他汀与N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后造影剂肾病的预防效果。方法:将150例冠心病患者随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗组(50例),N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗组(50例)和对照组(50例)。在充分水化治疗的基础上,阿托伐他汀组在PCI术前1 d口服阿托伐他汀80 mg,PCI术后每天口服阿托伐他汀40 mg,持续3 d;N-乙酰半胱氨酸组在PCI术前1 d分两次服用N-乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片1 200 mg,术后连续服用3 d;对照组不做进一步处理。然后分别测定并比较3组患者造影前及造影后24 h、48 h、72 h的血肌酐(Scr)和造影剂肾病(CIN)的发生率。结果:术后72 h两治疗组Scr增加值及CIN的发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),其中阿托伐他汀治疗组Scr增加值及CIN的发生率明显低于N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀及N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冠心病患者PCI术后造影剂肾病的发生都有一定的预防保护作用,阿托伐他汀的预防保护作用更明显。     

血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白检测在造影剂肾病诊断中的临床意义

目的：探讨血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL ）检测在造影剂肾病（CIN ）诊断中的意义。方法选取广东省中医院各院区IC U、心血管科、泌尿外科等接受造影技术诊治的患者299例,检测患者空腹血糖、血脂等,记录其基本临床资料。采集患者在造影前及造影后第1、2、6天的血样,分析患者各时间点的血清肌酐（SCr）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（CysC）和NGAL水平。以造影后24～48 h SCr水平升高44μmol／L或较基础值上升25％以上患者为CIN ,分析血清NGAL检测在不同时间点的变化趋势。结果299例受检患者中,共发生CIN 28例,发病率为9．36％。其中患有糖尿病的患者中CIN发病率为16．21％（12／74）,无糖尿病的患者发病率为7．11％（16／225）。与造影前比较,CIN患者SCr和CysC在造影后2 d明显升高,到第6天恢复到造影前水平;血清NGAL水平在造影后1 d就明显升高,与造影前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,在第6天仍处于较高水平。结论血清NGAL水平在造影剂使用后1 d就可较好地预测CIN ,其预测时间早于SCr和CysC ,可用于CIN的早期诊断。     

益气通淋胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病效果观察

目的：观察益气通淋胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床效果。方法将100例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为两组,各50例。对照组给予氯沙坦治疗,观察组加用益气通淋胶囊治疗。治疗8周后,比较两组治疗前后尿素氮（ BUN）、血肌酐（ SCr）、尿蛋白排泄率（ UAER）、尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、24 h尿蛋白定量（24 h PRO）水平变化。结果两组患者治疗前BUN、SCr、UAER、β2-MG、24 h PRO水平比较差异均无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）,治疗后BUN无明显变化（ P ＞0．05）;治疗后观察组 SCr、UAER、β2-MG和24 h PRO均较治疗前下降（ P ＜0．05）,对照组UAER和24 h PRO较治疗前下降（ P ＜0．05）;两组治疗后比较,观察组SCr、UAER、β2-MG和24 h PRO均低于对照组（ P＜0．05或P ＜0．01）。结论益气通淋胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床效果显著,可减轻肾功能损害,较单用氯沙坦效果更明显。     

曲美他嗪对肾功能不全患者对比剂肾病的预防作用

目的：探讨肾功能不全患者应用曲美他嗪（TMZ）预防对比剂肾病（CIN）的临床疗效。方法：本研究为前瞻性随机对照临床试验,连续入选124例拟行冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉介入术患者,基础血清肌酐（Scr）＞103μoml/L,随机分为2组：TMZ组（n=64）和对照组（n=60）。TMZ组于造影前48 h给予TMZ片20 mg,每天3次,术后服用7 d。所有患者均于术前及术后接受常规水化治疗,观察患者术前、术后24 h、48 h、7 d的Scr水平。结果：①2组患者术后24 h Scr水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;②TMZ组术后48 h、7 d的Scr水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;③TMZ组CIN的发生率为3.1%,对照组为16.7%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：TMZ联合水化治疗与单独水化治疗相比,能减少肾功能不全患者CIN的发生率。     

丹红注射液联合水化预防急诊PCI术后CIN的效果探讨

目的:探讨在常规水化治疗基础上加用丹红注射液对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后造影剂肾病(CIN)的预防效果.方法:83例急诊PCI患者随机分为丹红组40例和对照组43例,所有患者均给予常规水化治疗,丹红组患者在此基础上加用丹红注射液静点.分别检测两组患者术前、术后24h血清胱抑素C(Cystatin C)水平,术前和术后24h、48h、72h血清肌酐(SCr)水平;并统计两组CIN的发生率.结果:丹红组患者术后48h SCr水平明显低于对照组患者(P＜0.05);术后72h丹红组患者SCr水平与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而对照组患者术后72h的SCr水平仍明显高于术前(P＜O.05).术后24h丹红组患者CystatinC水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).丹红组CIN发生率为5.00％(2/40),明显低于对照组的20.93％(P＜0.05).结论:丹红注射液联合水化治疗可以有效预防急诊PCI术后CIN的发生.     

卡托普利对老年冠心病患者造影剂相关肾损害的保护作用

目的观察卡托普利对冠状动脉介入诊疗术后造影剂肾病(CIN)的预防作用。方法选择2011年1月—2012年12月在北京安贞医院行冠状动脉造影或介入治疗的冠心病患者123例,年龄均≥60岁,随机分为对照组64例和干预组59例。2组在水化基础上,分别于应用造影剂前7 d至术后2 d口服安慰剂或卡托普利,观察2组应用造影剂后肾小球功能及CIN的发生情况。结果与造影前相比,对照组和干预组造影后48 h血清肌酐(SCr)水平明显增高,肌酐清除率(CCr)、肾小球滤过率(CFR)则明显降低(P<0.05),但干预组的肾小球功能损伤程度均轻于对照组(P<0.05);造影后72 h,2组上述指标较造影后48 h有明显改善(P<0.05),干预组可基本恢复至造影前水平,但对照组的血清GFR、SCr和CCr与造影前水平比较差异仍有统计学意义(P<0.05),且与干预组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CIN总发生率为4.87%(6/123),干预组CIN发生率明显低于对照组(3.39%vs 6.25%,P<0.05)。结论造影剂可影响患者的肾小球功能,卡托普利对老年冠心病患者造影剂相关肾损害具有一定的预防保护作用。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者hs- CRP、Hcy水平的影响及安全性观察

目的：比较不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者超敏C反应蛋白（hs- CRP）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的影响及安全性。方法选择老年ACS患者162例,分为A组（阿托伐他汀20mg/d）、B组（阿托伐他汀40mg/d）、C组（阿托伐他汀80mg/d）,各54例,所有患者分别于入院后24 h内和服药后4周、12周采血测定hs- CRP、Hcy、TG、TC、HDL- C、LDL- C。入院后24 h内和服药后12周清晨空腹采静脉血,测定ALT、肌酸激酶（CK）、血肌酐（SCr）水平。结果3组患者治疗后TC、LDL- C、TG水平均较治疗前下降（P＜0.05或0.01）,B、C组患者治疗后第12周HDL- C水平较治疗前升高（P＜0.05）。与A组比较,B组在治疗第4周时LDL- C水平降低,第12周时TC、LDL- C水平降低（P＜0.05）,C组在治疗第4、12周时TC、LDL- C、TG水平均降低（P＜0.05或0.01）,治疗第12周时HDL- C水平升高（P＜0.05）。治疗后3组患者hs- CRP、Hcy水平均较治疗前下降（P＜0.05或0.01）,与A组比较,B、C组在治疗第4、12周时hs- CRP、Hcy水平均降低（P＜0.05或0.01）。治疗后3组患者ALT、CK、SCr水平均未见明显升高（均P＞0.05）,与A组治疗后第12周比较,B、C组ALT、CK、SCr水平差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论在老年ACS患者中,80mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗是有效且安全的。     

血清半胱蛋白酶抑制素C检测对脑血管造影术患者发生对比剂肾病的诊断价值

目的:探讨半血清胱蛋白酶抑制素C(CysC)对行脑血管造影术患者发生对比剂肾病(CIN)的早期诊断价值。方法:急性缺血性脑卒中使用非离子型造影剂行脑动脉造影以及脑血管介入术患者293例作为研究对象;分别于术前24h内,以及术后8h、24h、48h采血,检测血清肌酐(SCr)、胱蛋白酶抑制素C(CysC)水平。根据患者在造影后48h内是否发生CIN,分为CIN组和非CIN组。比较CIN组和非CIN组各个时间点CysC和SCr水平的变化;应用受试者工作曲线(ROC)比较两种指标对CIN的早期诊断价值。结果:CIN的发生率为8.53%,CIN组造影后24h血浆CysC浓度已明显升高,而血清SCr浓度于造影后48h升高。应用ROC比较发现,CysC曲线下面积优于SCr(0.827vs 0.613,P<0.05),以CysC 1.65mg/L作为诊断CIN的标准,其敏感性为94.7%,特异性为86.9%。结论:造影后24h的血浆CysC浓度对CIN的早期诊断有一定的价值,较SCr更为理想。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.