132例胰十二指肠切除术的临床分析

目的：探讨胰十二指肠切除术手术适应证、消化道重建方式及术后并发症的原因和防治经验。方法：回顾分析2006年1月-2013年12月本院132例患者胰十二指肠切除术的治疗经验。结果：术中无死亡病例。消化道重建方式均为Child术式,其中胰肠吻合方式：传统胰腺空肠端端吻合术11例;捆绑式胰腺空肠吻合术24例;胰腺空肠端侧吻合术84例;胰腺空肠导管对黏膜吻合13例。132例全部经病理学确诊,其中胰头癌72例,壶腹部周围癌28例,胆总管下段癌15例,十二指肠癌5例,慢性胰腺炎3例,胰头浆液性囊腺瘤6例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液瘤3例。术后并发症发生率34.1%,其中术后出血6例（4.5%）,胰瘘22例（16.7%）,肺部感染8例（6.1%）,胆瘘5例（3.8%）,胃排空障碍4例（3.0%）。结论：胰十二指肠切除术是腹部外科较复杂的手术,是胰头癌患者最有效的治疗手段,应严格掌握其手术适应证。出血、胰漏、胆漏和腹腔感染等是PD术后主要并发症,术中仔细操作并采用合适的吻合方法,术后密切观察和积极处理并发症是减少PD术后并发症和病死率的关键。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘和胆瘘的防治

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘、胆瘘的预防和处理方法。方法 回顾性分析1998年5月至2007年1月我院行胰十二指肠切除术的57例患者的治疗效果。行标准胰十二指肠切除（PD）49例,行保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术（PPPD）8例,重建方式以Child方式52例,以Whipple术式5例。结果病理类型胆总管下段癌13例,胰头癌21例,乏特氏壶腹部癌11例,十二指肠癌6例,胰岛细胞瘤2例,慢性胰腺炎4例。57例中5例出现并发症,发生率8.77％,其中胰瘘2例（3．5％）,胆瘘1例（1．75％）,腹腔出血1例,消化道出血1例。死亡2例,病死率3、5％,其中1例死于多器官功能衰竭,1例死于心功能衰竭。结论 胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘和胆瘘的防治在于术中选择正确的胰肠、胆肠吻合方式。     

胰十二指肠切除术后腹腔内并发症的临床分析

目的 胰十二指肠切除术(pancreatoduodenectomy, PD)手术创伤大,术后并发症多,手术死亡率高.文中探讨PD后腹腔内并发症并分析其危险因素. 方法 回顾性分析2005年3月至2010年3月共施行的99例PD患者的临床资料. 结果 术后腹腔内并发症发生率33.3%(33/99),其中胰瘘发生率19.2%(19/99),胆瘘发生率9.1%(9/99),出血发生率6.1%(6/99),腹腔感染发生率15.2%(15/99).围手术期死亡率4.0%(4/99),其中2例为腹腔感染,1例为消化道出血,1例为严重肺部感染. 结论 PD具有较高的死亡率和并发症发生率,然而患者性别、年龄、黄疸指数、血清清蛋白、胰肠吻合方式、是否放置T管和胰管支架管及术后生长抑素的应用情况均不是术后腹腔内并发症的高危因素(P＞0.05).     

68例胰十二指肠切除术后早期并发症危险因素分析

目的:总结胰十二指肠切除术(Pancreatoduodenectomy,PD)后早期并发症发生的危险因素、原因及防治方法.方法:自2003年1月至2007年12月我院共施行68例胰十二指肠切除术,对这些病例进行回顾性分析.结果:术后发生各种并发症者24例,发生率为35.3%,死亡4例,病死率为5.9%.经分析确定5个与早期并发症相关的因素:未留置胆肠支撑管(OR=12.841)、术前最高胆红素水平大于等于171.1 μmol/L (OR=8.990)、胰肠吻合采用端端吻合方式(OR=8.542)、未留置胰肠支撑管(OR=8.522)、术中输血量大于等于1000 ml (OR=8.358).结论:胰瘘、胆瘘及出血仍然是PD术后的主要并发症,胰肠吻合采用端侧吻合方式,胆肠、胰肠吻合口留置支撑管,术后密切观察和及时积极的处理、配备有经验丰富人员的专业团队可减少术后并发症的发生.     

胰十二指肠切除术后出血的防治

正胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenctomy,PD)目前仍然是治疗壶腹周围癌和胰头癌的主要方法。随着手术技术的改进和围手术期处理的日益完善,手术病死率和并发症发生率已明显降低,但术后出血仍是其主要并发症之一,且往往与胰瘘的发生互为因果,国外报道发生率为2%～18%,病死率高达20%～70%[1]。因此,预防并减少PD术后出血的发生对降低PD术后胰瘘发生率、降低患者和病死率及患者住院医疗费用具有重要意义。我们通过对36例PD手术病例进行回顾性分析,对PD术后出血的病因及防治作一初步探讨。     

胰十二指肠切除术中胰肠吻合术式的发展现状

胰十二指肠切除术(PD)是目前治疗胰头肿瘤、胆总管下端癌、壶腹周围以及部分十二指肠肿瘤的主要方法,但PD的并发症发生率和病死率均较高,并且是最复杂的普通外科手术之一,尤其是胰瘘,已成为影响胰肠吻合术后发生患者死亡的独立危险因素。目前,套入式胰肠端端吻合术、胰管对空肠黏膜端侧吻合术、套入式胰肠端侧吻合术、Blumgart吻合术和捆绑式胰肠吻合术等胰肠吻合术式在临床上比较常用,分析各种术式的手术特点及不足之处,可为探索安全、有效的胰肠吻合术,降低胰瘘发生率,促进患者快速康复提供帮助。     

胰头十二指肠切除术的治疗体会

目的提高胰头及壶腹部癌手术切除率,减少并发症及提高术后生存率。方法总结39例胰头十二指肠切除术的治疗经验。结果对39例胰头及壶腹部癌患者根据肿瘤不同分期行不同范围扩大切除及淋巴结清扫术,并行改良Child重建术。切除范围注重区域性整块切除,包括周围淋巴结清扫。消化道重建采用胰肠、胆肠端侧吻合。手术时间4.0～6.5h(平均4.6h),术中平均失血500ml,手术并发症发生率为23.1%。术后1、3、5年生存率分别为69.2%、46.2%、23.1%。结论胰头十二指肠切除术应由专业组人员完成。不同范围的清扫可降低肿瘤局部复发率。胰肠、胆肠端侧吻合操作不复杂,术后并发症发生率较低。     

胰头、十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围及胰头部肿瘤

本文报告了用胰头、十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围及胰头部肿瘤36例,手术死亡率2.8%,手术并发症胰瘘发生率19.4%,胆瘘11%,出血5.5%。随访结果,乏特氏壶腹癌5年生存率46.1%;10年生存率33.3%;胰头癌5年生存率14.3%。对术后并发症及其处理进行了讨论。     

胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏的发生机制

<正>胰十二指肠切除术(pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)是临床中治疗慢性胰腺炎以及胰头及壶腹部肿瘤的常用术式之一。据报道,并发症发生率为30%~60%,病死率为20%~40%[1]。但术后存在胰管胆管漏、腹腔内积脓、术后腹腔出血、腹腔感染、胃肠功能减弱、器官功能衰竭等并发症,且胰漏是患者围手术期死亡的重要原因之一。1胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏的概述     

胰十二指肠切除消化道重建术16例

目的:提高胰头壶腹周围以及胆总管下段占位性病变的切除率,减少术后并发症,降低病死率。方法:16例胰头及壶腹周围及胆总管下段占位性病变,采用两种不同的重建手术方式进行疗效比较。结果:行胰肠重建改进术7例,无并发症发生;行未改进术9例,并发胰瘘2例(12.5%)。结论:胰十二指肠切除术中最关键、问题最多、并发症发生率最高的是胰肠重建,采用稳妥的方法,可降低并发症的发生率。     

Outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy with extended retroperito-neal lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas

Papnrocvriedaetisc othdeuo odnelnyec ctohmanyce ( tohfe c uWrehi pfoprle p aptrioecnetsdu wreit)hperiampullary adenocarcinoma· In recent decades, aremarkable rise in resectability rate with considerablereduction of mortality and morbidity rates have beenaccomplished due to the improvements in surgical andanaesthetic techniques, critical care and other relatedfields·However, the reported 5 year survival rates arestill between 5% and 25%·To improve long termsurvival rates for patients with pa…     

联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰腺癌的临床探讨

目的探讨联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰腺癌患者的效果。方法选取2017年3月至2018年9月于本院接受治疗的胰腺癌患者102例并通过随机数字表法分成两组,每组51例。参考组患者采用常规手术切除,观察组患者采用联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建的胰十二指肠切除术,比较两组临床指标、术后并发症以及术后生存情况。结果观察组患者术中出血量多于参考组,手术时间、术后住院时间均长于参考组(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于参考组(P<0.05)。术后6个月及术后1年,观察组生存率均高于参考组(P<0.05)。结论胰腺癌患者应用联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除重建胰十二指肠切除术,能提高手术疗效和患者生存率。     

Effect of multiple-phase regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy on patients with resectable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma

Background Regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy （RIAC） has been more valuable to improve prognosis and quality of life of patients with inoperable pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and adjuvant RIAC plays an important role in prolonging survival and reducing risk of liver metastasis after radical resection of pancreatic cancer, but the effect of preoperative or multiple-phase RIAC （preoperative combined with postoperative RIAC） for resectable pancreatic cancers has not been investigated. In this prospective study, the effect of multiple-phase RIAC for patients with resectable pancreatic head adenocarcinoma was evaluated, and its safety and validity comparing with postoperative RIAC were also assessed. Methods Patients with resectable pancreatic head cancer were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in group A （n=-50） were treated with new therapeutic mode of extended pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with multiple-phase RIAC, and those in group B （n=-50） were treated with extended pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with postoperative RIAC in the same period. The feasibility, compliance and efficiency of the new therapeutic mode were evaluated by tumor size, serum tumor markers, clinical benefit response （CBR）, surgical complications, mortality and toxicity of RIAC. The disease-free survival time, median survival time, incidence of liver metastasis, survival rate at 1, 2, 3 and 5 years were also observed. Life curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results The pain relief rate and CBR in group A was 80% and 84% respectively. Serum tumor markers decreased obviously and tumors size decreased in 26% of patients after preoperative RIAC in group A. No more surgical complications, mortality or severe systemic side effects were observed in group A compared with group B. The incidence of liver metastasis in group A was 34% which was lower than 50% in group B. The disease-free survival time and median survival time in group A were 15.5 months and 18 months respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 54.87%, 34.94%, 24.51% and 12.25% respectively. There was no significant difference of survival time or survival rates between two groups. Conclusions Multiple-phase RIAC is effective in combined therapy of resectable pancreatic head carcinomas by enhancing inhibition of tumor growth and reduction of liver metastasis, without negative effect on patients＇ safety or surgical procedure.     

扩大淋巴结清扫术在胰腺十二指肠切除术中的价值

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除扩大淋巴结清扫术治疗胰头癌的临床意义。方法选取2010年1月至2018年12月因胰头癌在本院行胰腺十二指肠切除术的55例患者,根据术中淋巴结清扫范围分为标准组(n=22)与扩大组(n=33)。标准组行胰腺十二指肠切除手术及标准淋巴结清扫,扩大组行扩大淋巴结清扫。比较两组手术时间、出血量、住院时间、术后并发症及术后生存时间。结果两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。两组术中出血量、术后平均住院时间比较差异无统计学意义。两组手术时间、淋巴结清扫个数比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组患者1、3、5年生存率比较差异无统计学意义。结论扩大淋巴结清扫并不增加手术并发症发生率和死亡率,但不能明显提高患者的生存期。     

基层医院开展胰十二指肠切除术的体会

目的：总结基层医院开展胰头癌行胰十二指肠切除术的经验。方法：回顾分析我院普外科6年来按Child方式行胰十二指肠切除术的11例胰头癌。结果：3例出现胰瘘,7例无并发症,11例均治愈出院,无死亡病例。结论：胰十二指肠切除术术中应重点预防胰肠吻合口瘘的发生,特别是肥胖患者。     

胰腺癌的诊断与治疗

本文报告胰腺癌８０例，其中胰头癌５３例，胰体尾部癌８例，全胰癌１９例。手术切除１２例（１５％），计胰头十二指肠切除１０例，全胰及脾切除１例，胰体尾切除１例。本组切除病例，肿瘤直径平均３．９ｃｍ，未切除病例平均７．１ｃｍ，两者有明显差异，说明早期诊断对手术切除具有重要性。切除组术后平均生存时间２３．２月，未切除组平均生存时间６．６月。本组５年生存率为６．３％。     

根治术结合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌46例临床分析

目的观察探讨根治术结合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效,总结其临床价值。方法选取我院2007年3月～2009年3月92例非小细胞肺癌患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各46例,观察组采用根治术结合化疗治疗,对照组单纯手术治疗,观察对比两组治疗效果,记录相关数据进行统计学分析。结果观察组中术后死亡2例,占4．35％．5ff内生存22例,占47．8％;对照组术后死亡3例,占6．52％,5年内生存10例,占21．7％;两组术后死亡率及IA期生存率无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组生存率及IB期后分期的生存率存在一定差异（P〈0．05）,具有统计学意义。结论根治术结合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效明显优于单纯手术治疗,能显著延长患者的生存时间,减少并发症的发生率及死亡率．具有雷萼的临床意义。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤20例临床分析

目的:探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的诊断和术式选择.方法:对我院1995-2000年20例十二指肠恶性肿瘤的临床资料及随访结果进行回顾性分析.结果:胰十二指肠切除术10例随访3年、5年生存率分别为40%(4/10)、30%(3/10);姑息性手术无获得长期生存者.结论:对本病的早期诊断及对无远处转移的病人积极争取根治性胰十二指肠切除术是提高生存率的关键.     

Are increasing 5-year survival rates evidence of success against cancer?

CONTEXT: Increased 5-year survival for cancer patients is generally inferred to mean that cancer treatment has improved and that fewer patients die of cancer. Increased 5-year survival, however, may also reflect changes in diagnosis: finding more people with early-stage cancer, including some who would never have become symptomatic from their cancer. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship over time between 5-year cancer survival and 2 other measures of cancer burden, mortality and incidence. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using population-based statistics reported by the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we calculated the change in 5-year survival from 1950 to 1995 for the 20 most common solid tumor types. Using the tumor as the unit of analysis, we correlated changes in 5-year survival with changes in mortality and incidence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The association between changes in 5-year survival and changes in mortality and incidence measured using simple correlation coefficients (Pearson and Spearman). RESULTS: From 1950 to 1995, there was an increase in 5-year survival for each of the 20 tumor types. The absolute increase in 5-year survival ranged from 3% (pancreatic cancer) to 50% (prostate cancer). During the same period, mortality rates declined for 12 types of cancer and increased for the remaining 8 types. There was little correlation between the change in 5-year survival for a specific tumor and the change in tumor-related mortality (Pearson r=.00; Spearman r=-.07). On the other hand, the change in 5-year survival was positively correlated with the change in the tumor incidence rate (Pearson r=+. 49; Spearman r=+.37). CONCLUSION: Although 5-year survival is a valid measure for comparing cancer therapies in a randomized trial, our analysis shows that changes in 5-year survival over time bear little relationship to changes in cancer mortality. Instead, they appear primarily related to changing patterns of diagnosis. JAMA. 2000.