大鼠PD模型多巴胺能神经元损毁与纹状体相关神经元内c-fos的表达

为探讨 6 羟多巴胺 ( 6 OHDA)损毁大鼠帕金森病 (PD)模型多巴胺能神经元变性缺失与纹状体相关神经元内c fos表达的关系 ,观察PD模型的中脑腹侧酪氨酸羟化酶 (tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)阳性神经元及c fos表达阳性细胞在纹状体的分布。免疫组化染色结果表明 :6 OHDA损毁 7d ,损毁侧TH阳性神经元及强阳性神经元较正常侧数目明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但阿朴吗啡不能诱导c fos表达。损毁 2个月后TH阳性神经元在损毁侧完全消失 ,阿朴吗啡能诱导c fos在损毁侧尾壳核表达。结果提示 :c fos的表达能反映PD的多巴胺能神经元的变性缺失 ,其表达与否与多巴胺神经元损毁程度有关。     

吸氧预处理诱导的大鼠脑内Fos表达

目的 :观察原癌基因c fos是否参与了对吸氧预处理诱导脑缺血耐受的产生 .方法 :随机将大鼠分为 2组 :吸氧预处理组和对照组 (每组n =6) .吸氧组大鼠吸纯氧 2 4h ,对照组大鼠吸 2 10mL·L-1O2 2 4h .2 4h后经心灌流、取脑 ;用免疫组化法观察Fos蛋白在大鼠脑内的表达 ,比较两组大鼠的表达差异 .结果 :Fos样免疫反应阳性神经元在脑内分布广泛 ,两组动物脑内的Fos阳性细胞的分布模式非常相似 .但吸氧预处理的大鼠脑内许多脑区Fos表达明显增多、增强 .结论 :吸氧预处理可激活脑内的一些核团 ;原癌基因c fos参与了对吸氧预处理诱导脑缺血耐受的调节     

促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH_(1-39))免疫反应神经元在人下丘脑内的分布

目的观察人下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH1-39)免疫反应阳性神经元的分布及形态学特征。方法用ABC法对切片进行免疫细胞化学反应。结果与结论ACTH1-39免疫反应阳性神经元胞体分布在下丘脑漏斗核、室旁核及视上核内。胞体呈圆形或椭圆形。ACTH1-39免疫反应阳性神经纤维出现在室周层、漏斗核、室旁核和视上核内。     

促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH1-39）免疫反应神经元在人下丘脑内的分布

目的：观察人下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH1-39)免疫反应阳性神经元的分布及形态学特征。方法：用ABC法对切片进行免疫细胞化学反应。结果与结论：ACTH1-39免疫反应阳性神经元胞体分布在下丘脑漏斗核、室旁核及视上核内。胞体呈圆形或椭圆形。ACTH1-39免疫反应阳性神经纤维出现在室周层、漏斗核、室旁核和视上核内。     

促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH1-39)免疫反应神经元在人下丘脑内的分布

目的观察人下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH1-39)免疫反应阳性神经元的分布及形态学特征.方法用ABC法对切片进行免疫细胞化学反应.结果与结论ACTH1-39免疫反应阳性神经元胞体分布在下丘脑漏斗核、室旁核及视上核内.胞体呈圆形或椭圆形.ACTH1-39免疫反应阳性神经纤维出现在室周层、漏斗核、室旁核和视上核内.     

人胎(36-40周)下丘脑ACTH_(1-39)免疫反应神经元的分布

本文应用ABC法观察了36-40周人胎下丘脑内ACTH_(1-39)免疫反应阳性神经元的分布及形态特征。胞体分布在下丘脑漏斗核及视上核内,呈圆形或椭圆形,突起少并呈短的锥体形。ACTH(1-39)免疫反应阳性神经纤维明显稀少,只在室周层、漏斗核、室旁核可以见到。未见有伸入第三脑室内的此类神经纤维。本实验首次在人胎下丘脑视上核内观察到ACTH_(1-39)免疫反应阳性神经元胞体。     

雌激素对去势雌性大鼠下丘脑的神经肽Y神经元分布的影响

目的　观察雌激素对去势后雌性大鼠下丘脑区神经肽Y(NPY)免疫反应阳性神经元的影响。方法　采用免疫组织化学法 (SABC) ,在光学显微镜下对下丘脑视上核的NPY免疫反应阳性细胞进行形态学观察。结果　①正常雌性大鼠下丘脑区的NPY阳性神经元分布较广 ,以视上核反应较强 ,卵圆形细胞居多 ,密集成簇。②去势后雌性大鼠下丘脑视上核的NPY阳性神经元表达增多 ,胞内免疫反应产物着色增强。③去势后补充雌激素的大鼠下丘脑视上核的NPY阳性神经元比单纯去势组表达减少 ,着色略浅。结论　外源性雌激素对去势雌性大鼠下丘脑视上核的NPY阳性神经元的分布有影响。     

急性应激大鼠的心血管反应与脑内c-fos蛋白表达

目的　观察急性躯体 心理应激对大鼠心血管活动的影响及心血管相关脑区c fos蛋白的表达。　方法　采用足底电击结合噪声的应激模型,检测应激后SD大鼠血压、心率和脑内c fos蛋白表达等变化。　结果　(1)应激即刻引起血压和心率明显增加。收缩压从应激前(10 4 .8±9.4 )mmHg升至(132 .3±10 .7)mmHg ,明显高于对照组[(112 .0±8.0 )mmHg ,(P <0 .0 1) ];应激大鼠心率明显高于应激前和对照组(P <0 .0 1)。应激停止后2～3h ,血压和心率恢复到对照水平。(2 )应激组大鼠杏仁核群c fos蛋白阳性细胞为(2 5 .4±3.8) % ,明显高于对照组[(3.4 1±0 .5 ) % ,(P <0 .0 1) ]。下丘脑室旁核c fos蛋白阳性细胞为(2 1.9±2 .0 ) % ,与对照组(7.1±0 .8) %比较,差异有显著性(P <0 .0 5 ,n =8)。额颞叶皮层c fos蛋白阳性细胞为(5 7.5±3.9) % ,显著高于对照组[(16 .4±2 .5 ) % ,(P <0 .0 1,n =8) ]。　结论　急性躯体 心理应激引起的快速心血管反应可能与下丘脑室旁核、杏仁核群神经元激活有关。     

血管升压素免疫反应阳性神经元在下丘脑交叉上核中的分布

目的 观察加压素（ＶＰ）免疫反应阳性神经元在下丘脑交叉上核中的分布。方法 采用免疫细胞化学方法显示下丘脑交叉上核的ＶＰ阳性神经元。结果 在交叉上核的背仙侧亚核有大量的ＶＰ免疫反应阳性神经元的胞体和纤维。结论 ＶＰ阳性神经地在交叉上术保有明显的区域分布。     

神经肽S对睡眠觉醒的调节

新发现神经肽S (NPS)及其受体(NPSR)构成一新的内源性神经调节系统,NPS-NPSR系统被认为是中枢新的觉醒系统参与睡眠觉醒周期的生理与病理过程.近期研究证明侧脑室注射NPS引起大鼠脑电高频(14.5～60 Hz)活动增强为特征的觉醒时间增加,同时抑制脑电δ波和θ波为特征的慢波睡眠(SWS)和异相睡眠或称为快动眼睡眠(PS/REMS);NPSR拮抗剂[D-Cys(tBu)5] NPS引起大鼠觉醒减少,SWS增加,而不影响PS/REMS. NPSR rs324981单核苷酸多态性和Asn/Ile 107 NPSR多态性与人类的生理性睡眠调节密切相关.机制研究揭示下丘脑结节乳头体核(TMN)91.5％组胺能神经元表达NPSR,TMN注射0.1 nmoL NPS引起大鼠觉醒时间,比侧脑室注射1nmoL NPS引起大鼠觉醒时间显著延长,该作用可分别被NPSR、组胺受体H1R和组胺受体H2R拮抗剂所拮抗,提示NPS神经元投射TMN经NPSR介导激活组胺能神经元是NPS-NPSR调节睡眠觉醒的重要通路.另外,证据表明NPS抗焦虑与抑郁引起睡眠紊乱.为此,揭示NPS能神经元投射途径、作用靶点与突触后神经元作用模式,发现NPSR高效激动剂及拮抗剂将成为今后工作重点.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.