脑干听觉诱发电位对面肌痉挛微血管减压术中听力保护的应用

目的探讨面肌痉挛微血管减压（microvascular decompression,MVD）术中应用脑干听觉诱发电位（brain—stem auditory evoked potential,BAEP）监测,对减少术后听力损伤的应用价值。方法回顾性分析43例面肌痉挛患者术中BAEP波V波形的变化以及手术前后平均纯音听力阈值（pure tone average,PTA）的改变,经统计学分析得出术中V波潜伏期延长的警示阈值。结果MVD术中,在显露面神经和责任血管减压操作时,V波潜伏期延长最为显著。38例患者术后PTA增高小于20dB,V波潜伏期平均延长（0．60±0．43）ms。其余5例术后PTA增高大于20dB,V波潜伏期平均延长（1．07±0．35）聪。两组患者V波潜伏期延长时间存在差异（P〈0．05）。术中V波潜伏期延长大于0．6ms与患者术后听力损伤相关;术中V波潜伏期延长大于1．0ms与患者术后听力损伤密切相关。因此术中V波潜伏期延长警示闾值可设定为0．6ms和1．0ms。结论BAEP监护警示阈值有助于指导面肌痉挛MVD术操作,避免术中过度牵拉听神经,减少对其周围微循环的干扰,为术中保护听神经提供警示作用。     

面肌痉挛显微血管减压术中脑干听觉诱发电位监测的应用

目的 研究脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)监测在显微血管减压术(MVD)治疗面肌痉挛手术中的应用.方法 回顾性分析90例面肌痉挛患者在MVD术中进行BAEP监测的临床资料.结果 MVD手术操作过程均可引起BAEP改变,包括:BAEP的Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期明显延长(P＜0.01),Ⅰ～Ⅲ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波间期明显延长(P＜0.01),Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波波幅明显降低(P＜0.01);有16例术中Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期延长超过1ms,Ⅰ波波幅也有明显降低(P＜0.01),但术后无听力障碍;手术结束时Ⅲ～Ⅴ波间期及16例的Ⅰ、Ⅴ波波幅恢复较快.2例术后患侧听力丧失的患者中,1例术中Ⅴ波波幅逐渐降低至消失,另1例术中未监测到Ⅴ波波形.结论 MVD手术操作过程均可引起BAEP改变;Ⅴ波绝对潜伏期延迟超过1ms者相对多见,但无听力受损;Ⅴ波波幅下降程度可为术中神经功能受损提供客观指标,以采取相应措施减少听力并发症的发生.     

电生理监测在原发性面肌痉挛MVD中的应用

目的 探讨电生理监测在原发性面肌痉挛（HFS）显微血管减压术（MVD）中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2022年9月MVD治疗的304例HFS的临床资料。103例（监测组）术中监测侧方扩散波（LSR）、脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）和面神经自由肌电图（EMG）,201例（对照组）术中未使用电生理监测。术后6个月按照Cohen痉挛强度分级评估疗效;术后1周、6个月记录面瘫、耳鸣、眩晕、听力受损等并发症情况。结果 103例中,95例面神经充分减压后,LSR完全消失,7例LSR波幅下降>50%,1例LSR波幅下降不明显;2例BAEP出现Ⅰ波波幅下降>50%,1例出现Ⅲ波潜伏期延长超过20%;61例术中监测到面神经EMG,其中波幅<100μV有54例,100～200μV有7例。术后6个月,监测组有效率（93.03%）与对照组（94.17%）无统计学差异（P>0.05）。术后1周,对照组面瘫（12.43%）、耳鸣（13.43%）、眩晕（20.40%）、听力受损（13.43%）发生率明显高于监测组（分别为4.85%、5.83%11.65%、4.85%;P<...     

开放桥小脑角池对脑干听觉诱发电位的影响

目的观察桥小脑角池（Cerebellopontine angle cistern，CPA）的开放对脑干听觉诱发电位（Brain stem auditory evoked potential，BAEP）的影响。方法实验组（A组）2007年9月至2008年6月面肌痉挛病人100例，男44例，女56例，年龄30-68岁，术前纯音听阈测定听力均正常，术中BAEP监测桥小脑角池开放前后V波潜伏期的变化；对照组（B组）：另取术前病例20例，2007年9月至2008年6月，其中男性8例，女性12例，年龄34-65岁，术前情况同实验组。取其V波潜伏期值作为正常对照；结果桥小脑角池开放后，V波潜伏期平均延长0．85ms，延长比率12．9％；桥小脑角池封闭后，V波潜伏期平均回复0．64ms，回复9．8％；桥小脑角池封闭后较开放前平均延长0．21ms，延长3．1％。术后3天5例出现耳鸣，3例眩晕，无1例听力下降，3个月所有病人均无耳鸣、眩晕及听力异常。结论V波潜伏期延长大于1ms且CPA关闭后无回复提示听神经出现可逆性损伤，表明V波潜伏期的延长在一定程度上可以提示听神经的损伤。     

面肌痉挛微血管减压术后听力障碍的影响因素

目的 探讨原发性面肌痉挛（HFS）微血管减压术（MVD）后听力障碍的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2016年3~9月MVD治疗的130例原发性HFS的临床资料。术前及术后1周通过纯音测听法（PTA）进行听力功能评估，术后听力障碍定义为术后1周PTA较术前下降≥15 dB且PTA值>50 dB。采用多因素Logistic回归分析检验术后听力障碍的危险因素。结果 130例中，术后12例（9.2%）发生听力障碍。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示镜下操作时间长是术后听力障碍独立危险因素（OR=7.185；95% CI 2.682~22.160；P=0.001）。结论 术中镜下操作时间长是HFS MVD后发生听力障碍的重要临床因素。     

神经电生理监测在原发性面肌痉挛微血管减压术中的应用

目的 探讨神经电生理监测下微血管减压术治疗原发性面肌痉挛的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年10月收治的47例原发性面肌痉挛的临床资料。均经枕下乙状窦后入路神经内镜下进行微血管减压术,25例行脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）及侧方扩散效应（LSR）监测（监测组）,22例无术中电生理监测（对照组）。47例术后随访3个月。结果 监测组术前均引出LSR波;剪开硬脑膜后LSR波消失2例;打开桥小脑角池时LSR波消失1例;垫入Teflon棉片减压后LSR波消失19例,LSR波幅明显下降2例;手术结束后仍不消失1例。术中BAEP监测可见Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ波波幅降低,潜伏期延长,以Ⅲ波消失、Ⅴ波波幅下降>50%、潜伏期>1 ms居多。术后2周,监测组和对照组总有效率无统计学差异（100.0% vs. 95.5%;P>0.05）。监测组术后并发症发生率（4.0%）明显低于对照组（18.2%;P<0.05）。监测组术后复发率（0%）明显低于对照组（9.1%;P<0.05）。结论 原发性面肌痉挛微血管减压术中应用电生理监测,有助于降低并发症发生率及复发率。     

脑干听觉反应在阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者中的应用

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VaD）在脑干听觉反应（ABR）检测中的特点,为早期痴呆的诊断提供帮助。方法应用美国Nicolet Bravo脑电生理仪及Click短声刺激,测查32例VaD和28例AD和41名健康老人（NC）的ABR。结果AD组、VaD组及NC组波Ⅲ的绝对潜伏期（Cz脑区）分别为（5.1±0.4）ms、（4.6±0.4）ms和（4.5±0.4）ms,组间差异有统计学意义（F=12.84,P〈0.01）;3组波V的绝对潜伏期（Cz脑区）分别为（6.9±0.2）ms、（6.9±0.3）ms和（6.8±0.3）ms,组间差异无统计学意义（F=1.44,P〉0.05）;3组波Ⅲ的绝对波幅（Cz脑区）分别为（0.19±0.07）μV、（0.32±0.13）μV和（0.35±0.15）μV,组间差异有统计学意义（F=15.87,P〈0.01）;3组波V的绝对波幅（Cz脑区）分别为（0.16±0.07）μV、（0.43±0.15）μV和（0.51±0.17）μV,组间差异有统计学意义（F=28.41,P〈0.01）。AD组波Ⅲ的绝对潜伏期较其他2组延迟、绝对波幅较其他2组下降;AD组波V的绝对波幅较其他2组下降;VaD组波V的绝对波幅较正常对照组下降。结论ABR对临床辅助诊断AD和VD有一定参考意义,ABR测定可作为老年神经精神科的常规检查项目。     

TCD联合SEP MEP监测在重度颈动脉狭窄患者CEA术中的应用

目的 探究重度颈动脉狭窄患者颈动脉内膜切除术（CEA）术中采用经颅多普勒超声（TCD联合体感诱发电位（SEP）、运动诱发电位（MEP）监测的价值。方法 选取2021-02—2023-03邢台市第三医院收治的190例重度颈动脉狭窄患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行CEA,术中采用TCD联合SEP、MEP监测,TCD检查手术部位大脑中动脉（MCA）、平均血流速度（Vm）变化,并记录同时段SEP、MEP波幅变化,以TCD作为金标准,探究SEP、MEP对于重度颈动脉狭窄的预测价值。结果 术中颈动脉阻断后,32例（16.84%）MCA下降>50%,其19例N20波幅下降>50%,13例N20波幅下降≤50%,以TCD为金标准,SEP波幅下降预测的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性及阴性预测值、Kappa为59.38%、91.77%、86.32%、59.38%、91.77%、0.511;32例患者中22例SEP潜伏期延长>10%,10例SEP潜伏期延长≤10%,SEP潜伏期延长预测的敏感度、特异度、准确率、阳性及阴性预测值、Kappa为68.75%、93.67%、98.47%、68.75%...     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛致术后听力障碍临床分析

目的探讨微血管减压术（MVD）治疗面肌痉挛（HFS）术后听力障碍的因素及预防措施。方法面肌痉挛MVD后发生听力障碍的患者75例，采用电测听对听力进行检测。结果术后7d内听力下降组电测听示：B级20例，C级21例，D级10例，E级15例，F级9例。半年后听力正常组2例发生迟发性听力障碍，电测听为C级；听力下降组电测听复查示：A级13例。B级11例，C级19例，D级8例，E级15例，F级9例。结论引起MVD术后听力障碍因素复杂，多不可恢复，预防为主。     

A型肉毒毒素对交感神经皮肤反应的影响

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素（BoTX-A）对人体交感神经功能的影响。方法在BoTX-A注射前及注射后1周分别于注射部位[偏侧面肌痉挛（HFS）-Meige综合征（Meige）/额部,痉挛性截瘫/大腿内侧]及非注射部位（手掌）处记录双侧交感神经皮肤反应（SSR）。结果注射后1周4例HFS-Meige（4/21,19%）及2例痉挛性截瘫（2/2,100%）患者注射部位未引出肯定SSR波形;其余可引出SSR的17例HFS-Meige患者中注射侧额部潜伏期由（946.1±83.8）ms延长至（1029.1±83.7）ms（P=0.048）。注射前、后所有患者手掌处均可引出SSR,但注射后潜伏期由（1306.5±162.1）ms延长至（1430.5±142.8）ms（P=0.007）,波幅由（2656.8±1088.2）μV减低至（1840.7±809.2）μV（P=0.007）。结论BoTX-A可影响注射部位及远隔部位交感皮肤反应,且注射部位变化更明显。     

A prewarning sign for hearing loss by brainstem auditory evoked potentials during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm

ObjectiveWe aimed to define the prewarning sign of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) associated with cerebellar retraction (CR) during microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm.MethodsA total of 241 patients with a latency prolongation of 1 ms or an amplitude decrement of 50% of wave V were analyzed. According to BAEPs before significant changes during CR, patients were classified into Groups A (latency prolongation of wave I [≥0.5 ms] without prolongation of the I–III interpeak interval [<0.5 ms]) and B (no latency prolongation of wave I [<0.5 ms] with prolongation of the I–III interpeak interval [≥0.5 ms]). BAEPs and postoperative hearing loss (HL) were compared between the two groups.ResultsGroup B comprised 160 (66.4%) patients. With maximal changes in wave V, latency prolongation (≥1 ms) with amplitude decrement (≥50%) was more common in Group B (p < 0.018). At the end of the operation, wave V loss was observed in 11 patients, including 10 patients from Group B. Five patients developed postoperative HL; all were from Group B.ConclusionsLatency prolongation of wave III during CR was associated with serious BAEPs changes and postoperative HL.SignificanceLatency prolongation of wave III is a significant prewarning sign.     

The critical warning sign of real-time brainstem auditory evoked potentials during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

Objective

The aim of this study was to define the critical warning sign of real-time brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) for predicting hearing loss (HL) after microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS).

Hearing outcomes following microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

Purpose

Facial nerve microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) provides relief to most patients. Due to the proximity of the cochlear and facial nerves, hearing loss is a potential MVD complication, however, there is a wide range in the reported incidence of hearing loss (HL) in the literature. In order to better understand the HL incidence in our MVD population, we utilized the combination of speech discrimination scores (SDS) and air and bone pure tone threshold averages (PTA) to identify patients with no hearing change, sensorineural hearing loss, or conductive hearing loss. We also assessed the predictive value of patient-reported hearing deficits on the ultimate audiometric diagnosis of hearing loss.

Methods

One hundred and fifty one patients underwent facial nerve MVD at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between January 2000 and December 2007. Peri-operative audiometric data, including changes in air and bone pure tone thresholds and speech discrimination scores, were analyzed retrospectively. Criteria from the 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium consensus were used to analyze post-operative hearing loss. Patient-reported hearing disturbances obtained in the immediate post-operative period were compared to seven-day post-operative conductive and sensorineural HL status.

Results

Non-functional, non-serviceable HL (Class D) occurred in 6.6% of patients, while 10.6% developed cumulative non-functional HL (Class C and D). Twenty-nine patients (18.7%) exhibited conductive HL. While patient-reported complaints were predictive of Class C/D HL (<0.0001) with a 56.3% sensitivity and 92.6% specificity, patient-reported complaints were not strongly associated with conductive HL status (p = 0.369) with 17.2% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity.

Conclusions

Perioperative hearing evaluations, in conjunction with careful scrutiny of patient complaints and air-bone pure tone testing enables the physician to more precisely quote complication rates and rapidly distinguish potentially reversible conductive hearing pathologies from permanent sensorineural disorders.     

Delayed Cranial Nerve Palsy after Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm

Objective

Microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a safe and effective treatment with favorable outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of delayed cranirve ( VI, VII, and VIII ) palsy following MVD and its clinical courses.

Methods

Between January 1998 and December 2009, 1354 patients underwent MVD for HFS at our institution. Of them, 100 patients (7.4%) experienced delayed facial palsy (DFP), one developed sixth nerve palsy, and one patient had delayed hearing loss.

Results

DFP occurred between postoperative day number 2 and 23 (average 11 days). Ninety-two patients (92%) completely recovered; however, House-Brackmann grade II facial weakness remained in eight other patients (8%). The time to recovery averaged 64 days (range, 16 days to 9 months). Delayed isolated sixth nerve palsy recovered spontaneously without any medical or surgical treatment after 8 weeks, while delayed hearing loss did not improve.

Conclusion

Delayed cranial nerve (VI, VII, and VIII) palsies can occur following uncomplicated MVD for HFS. DFP is not an unusual complication after MVD, and prognosis is fairly good. Delayed sixth nerve palsy and delayed hearing loss are extremely rare complications after MVD for HFS. We should consider the possibility of development of these complications during the follow up for MVD.     

Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm

We aimed to determine the reliability of (i) intraoperative monitoring by stimulated electromyography (EMG) of the facial nerve to predict the completeness of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS), and (ii) brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. We conducted a prospective study of 36 patients who received MVD for HFS. We confirmed the disappearance of an abnormal muscle response in the facial nerve EMG to predict the completeness of MVD, and performed BAEP monitoring to predict postoperative hearing disturbance. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG and BAEP monitoring were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of facial nerve EMG were 0.97, 1.0 and 0.97, respectively, and that for BAEP monitoring were 1.0, 0.94 and 0.94 respectively. There was one false positive result for facial nerve EMG, and two false positive results for BAEP monitoring. No false negative result was encountered for either EMG or BAEP monitoring. Facial nerve EMG correctly predicted whether MVD was successful in 35 out of 36 patients, and BAEP correctly predicted whether there was postoperative hearing disturbance in 34 out of 36 patients. Intraoperative facial nerve EMG provides a real-time indicator of successful MVD during an operation while BAEP monitoring may provide an early warning of hearing disturbance after MVD.     

异常肌反应在面神经显微血管减压术中的应用

目的 探讨异常肌反应(abnormal muscle response,AMR)监测在面神经显微血管减压术(microvascular decolnpression,MVD)中鉴别责任血管、评估减压效果以及判断预后方面的作用.方法 241例典型面肌痉挛患者接受了面神经MVD术中AMR的实时监测,并在术后1周进行疗效评估,分析术中AMR变化与手术预后之问的关系.结果 所有241例患者均在术中记录到典型AMR波形,术后第1周217例(90.0%)患者症状完全缓解.AMR消失组175例,其中165例(94.3%)症状缓解;AMR未消失组66例,52例(78 8%)症状缓解.统计学分析显示AMR消失组的疗效明显好于AMR未消失组(P<0.05).结论 术中AMR监测可辅助判断责任血管,评估减压效果,对提高手术疗效具有较高的应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective Abnormal muscle response( AMR) to the electrical stimulation of a branch of facial nerve is a specific electrophysiological feature of primary hemifacial spasm ( HFS) .Although the correlation between intraoperative AMR findings and postoperative results in patients with HFS has been investigated before, the AMR monitoring has not been employed widely during the microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery.The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of AMR monitoring during MVD, and the correlation between the AMR changes and the clinical outcome.Method This study included 241 cases of MVD.Intraoperative AMR monitoring was performed for each subject.The patients were divided into two groups based on whether the AMR wave disappeared or not following decompression of the facial nerve.Results The AMR disappeared after MVD in 175 patients.Among these 175 patients, 165(94.3% ) patients were relieved from HFS 1 week after HFS.Out of the 66 patients in whom the AMR persisted after MVD, 52(78.8%) patients were relieved.The correlation between intraoperative AMR abolition and HFS relief was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) .Conclusions Intraoperative AMR monitoring is an effective assistant for a successful MVD for the patient with HFS.It may be helpful in predicting outcomes in short term and identifying offending vessels,so it should be monitored routinely during MVD.     

Effects of hypothermia on brainstem auditory evoked potentials in humans

Ten adult patients who underwent open heart surgery under induced hypothermia had brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) recorded at 1 degree- to 2 degrees C-steps as body temperature was lowered from 36 degrees C to 20 degrees C to determine temperature-dependent changes. Hypothermia produced increased latencies of BAEP waves I, III, and V; the prolongation was more severe for the later components with the result that interpeak latencies I-III, III-V, and I-V were also prolonged. The temperature-latency relationship was nonlinear and best expressed by exponential curve. The latencies of waves I, III, V and the interpeak latency I-V increased roughly 7% for each 1 degree C drop; they doubled at a temperature around 26 degrees C. The amplitude of the BAEP components had a quasiparabolic relationship to temperature; the amplitude rose with hypothermia to 28 degrees or 27 degrees C, but decreased linearly with further cooling. All BAEP components were present at temperatures above 23 degrees C and absent below 20 degrees C. With rewarming, the changes reversed and BAEPs returned to initial prehypothermia status.     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的症状转归

目的观察面肌痉挛显微血管减压术后的症状变化规律。方法 2006年11月~2007年7月104例面肌痉挛患者接受了异常肌反应电生理监测下的显微血管减压术,随访术后疗效,分析术后症状的演变规律。结果术后随访3.2~4年,14例失访。在资料完整的90例患者中,随访期内82例治愈,2例症状明显改善,4例无效,2例复发。在治愈的82例患者中:57例术后即刻治愈;25例出现延迟治愈,症状消失时间为术后3天~1.5年。有78例(95.1%)在术后半年内症状消失。结论显微血管减压术后,面肌痉挛症状整体呈进行性改善的趋势,症状消失时间主要集中在术后半年内。