HPLC测定异维A酸有关物质

目的 建立HPLC测定异维A酸有关物质的方法。方法 色谱柱为NUCLEOSIL 100-3 C₁₈（4.6 mm×150 mm,3 μm）,以甲醇-水-冰醋酸（770：225：5）为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;柱温为25℃,检测波长为355 nm。结果 异维A酸峰与杂质H、I、维A酸、强制降解杂质峰分离良好;异维A酸、杂质H、I和维A酸的线性范围分别为0.000 545 5~21.82 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,0.002 856~7.14 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 0）,0.002 789~6.97 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.017 07~22.76 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）;检测限分别为0.27,0.60,0.65,5.50 ng·mL^-1,定量限分别为0.55,2.85,2.80,17.00 ng·mL^-1;杂质H、I和维A酸的平均回收率分别为101.57%,102.02%,101.03%,RSD分别为0.5%,0.8%,1.5%。结论 建立的HPLC方法准确、专属性强,可用于异维A酸有关物质的测定。     

HPLC测定拉坦前列素滴眼液复杂系统中的有关物质及含量

目的 建立HPLC测定拉坦前列素滴眼液复杂系统中的有关物质及含量的方法。方法 采用糖涂敷型手性色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,有关物质测定以0.005 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钠溶液（用磷酸调节pH值至2.7）-乙腈（56：44）为流动相,含量测定以0.005 mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钠溶液（用磷酸调节pH值至2.7）-乙腈（54：46）为流动相,检测波长为200 nm,流速为0.5 ml·min^-1。结果 有关物质测定中2个已知杂质与主峰之间的分离度良好,线性关系良好,5,6-反式-拉坦前列素和15S-拉坦前列素的平均回收率分别为101.5%和99.5%,拉坦前列素、5,6-反式拉坦前列素和15S-拉坦前列素的定量限（S/N≈10）分别为0.12,0.13和0.12 μg·mL^-1;含量测定线性关系良好,重复性RSD=0.90%,拉坦前列素平均回收率为98.8%。结论 建立的方法准确可靠,可用于拉坦前列素滴眼液的质量控制。     

离子色谱法测定氟达拉滨中三氟甲磺酸酯类遗传毒性杂质

目的 采用离子色谱法对氟达拉滨中的三氟甲磺酸酯类遗传毒性杂质进行测定。方法 采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,洗脱液：[0.15 mmol·L^-1四丁基氢氧化铵-0.090 mmol·L^-1苹果酸（pH 6.5）]-乙腈（70：30）,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,柱温为35℃,检测方式为直接电导检测。结果 有效测定了氟达拉滨中的三氟甲磺酸酯类遗传毒性杂质,检测限为2.5 μg·mL^-1,定量限为7.4 μg·mL^-1,线性范围为1.917~22.344 mg·L^-1,r=0.997 4,方法耐用性好。结论 本法可有效检测氟达拉滨中的三氟甲磺酸酯类遗传毒性杂质,方法灵敏度高,准确度高,耐用性好。     

HPLC测定赛利司他有关物质及降解产物

目的 建立HPLC测定赛利司他有关物质的方法。方法 采用Agilent Phenyl色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以5 mmol·L^-1磷酸二氢钾（用10%磷酸调pH值至4.0）-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长为226 nm。结果 各杂质与主峰之间的分离度良好。开环杂质（杂质A）、2-十七烷基氧-6-甲基-4氢-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮（杂质B）、2-十八烷基氧-6-甲基-4氢-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮（杂质C）浓度分别在0.049 5~1.981 μg·mL^-1,0.059 9~0.399 1 μg·mL^-1,0.059 6~0.397 5 μg·mL^-1内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r均为0.999 9;杂质A、B、C加样回收率的平均值分别为104.2%,107.0%和107.8%,RSD分别为2.09%,1.77%和2.18%。结论 本方法简便、准确可靠,适用于赛利司他中有关物质的控制。     

LC-MS/MS测定中成药中非法添加物N-乙基他达拉非

目的 建立LC-MS/MS定性及定量测定中成药中非法添加N-乙基他达拉非。方法 采用DAD检测器进行初步定性筛查,用质谱检测器进行定性确证,再用DAD检测器进行定量。初筛及定量选用SHISEIDO C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以流动相A[磷酸三乙胺溶液（取三乙胺7 mL,用水稀释至1 000 mL,用磷酸调pH至2.8）-甲醇-乙腈（60：20：20）]与流动相B[磷酸三乙胺溶液（取三乙胺7 mL,用水稀释至1 000 mL,用磷酸调pH至2.8）-甲醇-乙腈（8：46：46）]梯度洗脱,体积流量1 mL·min^-1,检测波长230 nm;确证选用Dikma Spursil C₁₈柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,3 μm）,以甲醇-乙腈-含0.1%冰乙酸的0.02 mol·L^-1乙酸铵溶液（30：25：45）等度洗脱,体积流量0.2 mL·min^-1。结果 N-乙基他达拉非质量浓度在0.003~0.3 mg·mL^-1内与峰面积有良好线性关系,平均回收率为97.8%,RSD为0.7%（n=9）;通过对30批次壮阳类中成药进行测定,其中2批检测结果为阳性,含量分别为4.8,4.1 mg·g^-1。结论 该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,可作为分析检测壮阳类中成药中非法添加N-乙基他达拉非的有效方法。     

HPLC测定奥美沙坦酯中的基因毒性杂质

目的 建立HPLC测定奥美沙坦酯中潜在的基因毒性杂质[杂质1 ：N-（三苯基甲基）-5-（4''-溴甲基联苯-2-基）四氮唑,杂质2 ：N-三苯甲基-5-（4'',4''-二溴甲基联苯-2-基）四氮唑]的含量和限度。方法 采用Phenomenex C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：0.1%冰乙酸水溶液-0.1%冰乙酸乙腈溶液（15：85）;检测波长：254 nm;流速：1.5 mL·min^-1;柱温：25℃。结果 杂质1 和杂质2 均在0.030 97~0.247 7 μg·mL^-1内线性良好（r分别为0.999 6和0.998 7）,平均回收率分别为94.37%和94.43%,RSD分别为2.38%和2.72%（n=9）。结论 该方法专属性强,准确、灵敏,可以作为奥美沙坦酯中基因毒性杂质1 和杂质2 的液相分析方法。     

畲药食凉茶HPLC特征图谱和4种成分含量测定

目的 采用HPLC建立畲药食凉茶的特征图谱,并同时测定4种成分的含量。方法 以芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素为对照品;采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,柱温30 ℃;乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长360 nm。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统对结果进行分析。结果 建立了食凉茶的特征图谱,确定5个共有峰。芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素和山柰素的线性范围分别为4.525~452.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）,8.096~809.6 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,0.654~85.15 μg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）,2.048~ 136.6 μg·mL^-1 （r=1.000 0）;平均加样回收率分别为100.51%（n=6,RSD=0.43%）,100.19%（n=6,RSD=0.88%）,99.98%（n=6,RSD=0.77%）,100.26%（n=6,RSD=0.69%）。结论 所建立的特征图谱相关性强,可结合4种成分含量测定全面控制畲药食凉茶的质量,为其规范使用提供科学依据。     

HPLC测定早产儿咖啡因血药浓度

目的 建立HPLC测定早产儿咖啡因血药浓度的方法。方法 色谱柱为Insertil ODS-3（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,甲醇-水（28：72）为流动相,流速1 mL·min^-1,检测波长274 nm,柱温30℃,进样量20 μL。结果 咖啡因血药浓度在2.5~60 mg·L^-1内呈良好的线性关系（r²=0.999 9,n=9）,定量限为0.125 mg·L^-1。提取回收率为82.5%~89.7%,方法回收率为97.2%~103.0%;日内与日间精密度RSD均<10%。随机检测5名负荷剂量给药的患儿次日咖啡因谷浓度为（15.8±2.1） mg·L^-1,另5例患儿给药7 d后检测咖啡因谷浓度为（24.3±4.6） mg·L^-1,均在有效线性范围内。结论 本方法灵敏、可靠,可作为咖啡因血药浓度的常规监测方法。     

LC-MS测定醋酸甲羟孕酮中对甲苯磺酸甲酯及对甲苯磺酸乙酯的含量

目的 建立醋酸甲羟孕酮中的基因毒性杂质对甲苯磺酸甲酯及对甲苯磺酸乙酯的LC-MS检测方法。方法 采用XDB-C₁₈（50 mm×4.6 mm,1.8 μm）色谱柱;10 mmol·L^-1醋酸铵（氨水pH 7.0）-乙腈为流动相;质谱：正离子模式,检测离子m/z 187.1,201.1。结果 对甲苯磺酸甲酯和对甲苯磺酸乙酯在0.05~5.08 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好。对甲苯磺酸甲酯定量限为0.1 ng,检测限均为0.05 ng;对甲苯磺酸乙酯定量限为0.03 ng,检测限为0.02 ng;对甲基苯磺酸甲酯平均回收率101.6%,RSD为3.46%;对甲基苯磺酸乙酯平均回收率98.7%,RSD为2.22%。结论 本方法适用于样品醋酸甲羟孕酮中对甲基苯磺酸甲酯和对甲基苯磺酸乙酯的检测。     

头孢克洛分散片中聚合物测定

目的 建立2种头孢克洛聚合物有效的测定方法并对结果进行比较。方法 方法1：采用TSKgel G2000SWxl色谱柱（7.8 mm×300 mm,5 μm）,流动相为0.01 mol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液[0.01 mol·L^-1 NaH₂PO₄溶液-0.01 mol·L^-1 Na₂HPO₄溶液（50︰50）,调节pH值为7.0]-乙腈（95︰5）,流速为0.5 mL·min^-1柱温35℃,检测波长为254 nm,进样量20 μL;方法2：采用Sephadex G-10色谱柱（10 mm×300 mm,40~120 μm）,以0.05 mol·L^-1磷酸盐缓冲液[取0.05 mol·L^-1 Na₂HPO₄溶液-0.05 mol·L^-1 NaH₂PO₄溶液（50︰50）,调节pH至7.0]为流动相A,水为流动相B,流速为1 mL·min^-1,柱温35℃,检测波长为254 nm,进样量100 μL。结果 方法1：头孢克洛主峰与聚合物峰分离度>1.5,头孢克洛质量浓度在0.25~20 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）;定量限0.21 μg,检测限0.07 μg。重复性较好（RSD为1.8%,n=6）;在拟定的色谱条件下,通过考察破坏坏性实验（高温、强酸、强碱、氧化、光照）能够满足分离度要求,辅料无干扰;方法2：质量浓度在2.5~20 μg·mL^-1线性关系良好（r=0.999 7）;检测限0.13 μg,定量限0.40 μg。重复性良好（RSD为1.8%,n=6）。结论 新建立的2种方法对于头孢克洛分散片聚合物的分离度好,分离效率高,重复性好,均可以作为头孢克洛分散片的质量控制的依据。     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

NEURAMIDE STIMULATES ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN BUT NOT PROLACTIN RELEASE FROM RAT PITUITARY

Neuramide (NMD), a substance found in crude preparations of porcine stomach extract, is a viral inhibitor that also has putative immunostimulatory effects. The effects of NMD on stress-hormone (ACTH and prolactin—PRL) release were assessed inin vivoandin vitrostudies. In the former, blood levels of corticosterone and PRL were measured in NMD-treated male rats.In vitroexperiments were performed to evaluate the effects of NMD and three of its fractions (obtained with high performance liquid chromatography) on ACTH and PRL release from perfused rat pituitary slices. NMD increased plasma corticosterone levelsin vivoand produced dose-dependent increases inin vitropituitary release of ACTH. No effects on PRL secretion were observedin vivoorin vitro. The stimulatory effects on ACTH release were caused by the NMD fraction with a molecular weight of >5000<10000Da.     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱（HPLC）指纹图谱。方法 采用Agilent SB-C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30 ℃,洗脱时间为80 min。采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统（2004A版）对检测出色谱进行指纹图谱相似度评价。结果 建立了鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱,确定了20个共有峰,15个峰归属到各药材,其中5个峰确认了化学成分;10批样品的指纹图谱的整体相似度与对照图谱比较,均在90%以上。结论 所建立的鼻渊净胶囊指纹图谱有助于从整体上控制该制剂的质量。     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

EFFECT OF POLICOSANOL SUCCESSIVE DOSE INCREASES ON PLATELET AGGREGATION IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug with hypocholesterolemic effects demonstrated in experimental models, healthy volunteers and type II hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, antiplatelet effects of policosanol have been shown in experimental models and healthy volunteers. The effect of successively increasing doses of policosanol on platelet aggregation was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study conducted in 37 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were on a placebo-baseline period (two tablets per day) for 7 days and thereafter they received randomly, under double-blind conditions, placebo or policosanol (10mgday⁻¹) for 7 days. After this period dosage was doubled to 20mgday⁻¹for the next 7 days and then again doubled to 40mgday⁻¹, while the control group received placebo tablets all the time. Platelet aggregation as well as coagulation time was measured at baseline and after each dosing step. Results showed that antiplatelet effects of policosanol were successfully enhanced throughout the study, thus suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. No significant effect was reached during the first dosing period, but significant reductions of epinephrine and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were observed after the second one. Finally, a significant inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by all the agonists was observed at the last dosing step. Coagulation time remained unchanged during the trial.     

AMELIORIATION OF CHEMICALLY-INDUCED HEPATOCYTE INJURY BY CYCLOSPORINE A

Cyclosporine A, beside its current applications, possesses potential hepatoprotective effects. This study was directed to investigate the effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment on hepatic injury due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and -galactosamine. Rats were injected by two successive doses of Cyclosporine A (5mgkg⁻¹day⁻¹). Six hours after the second dose, 1mlkg⁻¹of CCl₄was administered i.p. Effects associated with Cyclosporine A pretreatment were examined by using isolated hepatocytes and hepatocytes that were immobilized and continuously perfused. -Galactosamine (5m ) was added directly to the perfusion medium. After isolation, hepatocytes were examined histologically by light and electron microscopy, immobilized and perfused for further metabolic functional activity evaluation. Cyclosporine A pretreatmentin vivoproduced hepatoameliorative effects of various degrees which were statistically significant as manifested by: (1) an increased trypan blue exclusion after CCl₄; (2) an improved ureagenesis after CCl₄; (3) a reduction in the lipid droplets accumulation in the cytoplasm produced by CCl₄administration; (4) well preserved cytoplasmic organelles as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum ER, nuclear chromatin structures that were altered by CCl₄; and (5) an increased hepatocytes survival in the agarose gel matrix, reduction of LD leakage and improvement of ureagenesis after -galactosamine addition to the perfusion medium. The beneficial effect of Cyclosporine A pretreatment in modifying hepatotoxicity of chemical insults merits further studies.     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

EFFECTS OF 2-GUANIDINE-4-METHYLQUINAZOLINE ON GASTRIC ACID SECRETION IN RATS

In this study 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (2-GMQ) appeared to decrease basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, while structurally related compounds as dimethyl- biguanide, cyanoguanidine and 2-cyanoamino-4-methylpyrymidine did not. Thus, there is an antisecretory effect when the biguanide group is associated with a lipophilic structure. The antisecretive effects exerted by 2-GMQ are associated with anti H₂-histamine activity.The anti H₂-histamine nature of the effects of 2-GMQ was confirmed by the capacity of this compound of depressing the chronotropic activity of the isolated guinea pig auricle increased by histamine, as well as relaxant activity in rat uterus contracted by histamine, since both preparations are rich in H₂-histamine receptors.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

Effect of bay K 8644, a calcium channel agonist,on dog cardiac muscarinic receptors

To investigate further whether the effects of the dihydropyridine (DHP) drugs on calcium channels are related to those of these drugs on muscarinic receptors, the binding characteristics of the DHP calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644, on muscarinic receptors and calcium channels were compared to those of the DHP calcium channel antagonists, nicardipine and nimodipine in the dog cardiac sarcolemma. Bay K 8644, nicardipine and nimodipine inhibited the specific [³H]QNB binding with K _i values of 16.7μM, 3.5μM and 15.5μM respectively. Saturation data of [³H]QNB binding in the presence of these DHP drugs showed this inhibition to be competitive. Bay K 8644, like nicardipine and nimodipine, blocked the binding of [³H]nitrendipine to the high affinity DHP binding sites, but atropine did not, indicating that the muscarinic receptors and the DHP binding sites on calcium channels are distinct. The K _i value of Bay K 8644 for the DHP binding sites was 4 nM. Nicardipine and nimodipine (K _i :0.1–0.2 nM) were at least 20 times more potent than Bay K 8644 in inhibiting [³H]nitrendipine binding. Thus, the muscarinic receptors were about 4000 times less sensitive than these high affinity DHP binding sites to Bay K 8644. These results suggest that the DHP calcium agonist Bay K 8644 binds directly to the muscarinic receptors but its interaction with the muscarinic receptors is not related to its binding to the DHP binding sites on calcium channels.