海马全蝎汤加中药电渗治疗腰椎间盘突出症

笔者从１９９２年３月～１９９５年１０月自拟海马全蝎汤加中药电渗治疗腰椎间盘突出症７５例，取得满意疗效，报告如下。临床资料男４１例，女３４例；年龄２５～５０岁６１例，５１岁以上１４例；病程１周～２年；单间隙突出Ｌ_(３～４）３例，Ｌ_（４～５）４７例，Ｌ５～Ｓ_１１７例；双间隙突出８例。本组病例全部根据ＣＴ检查结果，腰椎间盘突出症无合并症者称为单纯型突出，共６３例。混合型突出是指椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄或腰椎管狭窄（包括黄韧带增厚或骨化）者，共１２例（合并侧隐窝狭窄７例，合并腰椎管狭窄５例）。治疗方法…     

前路手术治疗中央型颈椎间盘突出症并颈椎管狭窄

目的研究前路手术治疗颈椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄的疗效。方法对本组45例进行分析。结果前路手术疗效可靠随访6个月～2年，平均1年，改善率69．2％。优良率90．1％。结论对颈椎间盘突出合并颈椎管狭窄的病例，应首先采用前路手术，因前路手术可直接解除压迫，稳定脊柱，植骨块1cm厚，使硬膜前方有0．5cm空隙，本身即有减压作用。对单间隙突出者摘除椎间盘减压植骨即可；对2个间隙突出者可参照MRI切除2个椎间盘和1个椎体；对3个以上椎间盘突出者可摘除最明显的突出1～2个，必要时加1个椎体；对无明显特别突出者应选后路手术。     

CT椎间盘造影诊断腰椎间盘突出症

７３例临床疑诊为腰椎间盘突出症的患者作了脊髓造影和ＣＴ椎间盘造影检查。手术治疗５３例，其中突出４５例５１个间隙。两种方法的阳性率分别为７０％和９２％。ＣＴ椎间盘造影影像能清晰显示突出物的大小、部位，硬膜囊神经根受压、造影剂充填、关节突退变情况。当其它辅助检查仍不能明确定性和定位诊断时，ＣＴ椎间盘造影可帮助确诊，尤其对Ｌ＿５－Ｓ＿１椎间盘突出意义更大。     

双开窗潜行减压治疗中央型椎管狭窄并椎间盘突出

采用双开窗潜行减压治疗４３例腰椎管狭窄合并椎间盘突出症，其中腰４－５椎管狭窄合并椎间盘突出２６例，腰５骶１椎管狭窄合并椎间盘突出１７例，术后随访８个月￣５年，平均２年７个月，优３７例，良５例，可１例，优良率９７．６７％（４２例）。临床结果显示双开窗潜行减压达到了减压的目的，保持了脊柱的稳定性，优于传统全椎扳切除减压术。     

双开窗潜行减压治疗中央型椎管狭窄并椎间盘突出

中央型椎管狭窄合并椎间盘突出传统采用全椎板、半椎板切除减压，近年来许多作者认为：广泛的腰椎后部结构切除可导致术后腰椎不稳；切除椎板部位疤痕组织粘连、增生、造成医源性椎管狭窄。由于腰椎后部结构对维持腰椎稳定和保护脊髓重要功能受到重视，我们对43例中央型腰椎管狭窄合并椎间盘突出，施行双开窗潜行减压获得了满意的效果。1临床资料1．1一般资料本组共43例，男34岁，女9例；年龄38～79岁，平均53岁；病程最长18年，最短2年，平均3．8年；腰（4-5）椎管狭窄合并椎间盘突出26例，腰5骶1椎管狭窄合并椎间盘突出17例。1．2临床特点…     

退变性腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

作者通过１００例退变性腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗，结合影像学检查和手术所见，将退变性腰椎间盘突出部分：（１）单纯性腰椎间盘突出或膨出；（２）登工节段性椎管狭窄；（３）合并侧隐窝狭窄；（４）合并椎管、侧隐窝狭窄。术中讨论了退变性椎间盘突出的病理特点。手术治疗可获得较好的疗效。本组经术后半年－３．５年的随访，优良率为８９％。     

腰神经根管狭窄合并椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的探讨腰神经根管狭窄合并椎间盘突出症的诊断，手术方法。方法 对８３例腰神经根管狭窄合并椎间盘突出症病例进行椎间盘切除并神经根管扩大术。结果 经１－６年的随访观察，优良率为９２．９％。结论根据类型选择手术方法，减压必须彻底。     

后路显微内镜椎间盘切除术治疗合并侧隐窝狭窄的多间隙腰椎间盘突出症50例

目的探讨后路显微内镜椎间盘切除术（microendoscopic discectomy，MED）治疗合并侧隐窝狭窄的多间隙腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法回顾分析50例合并侧隐窝狭窄的多间隙腰椎间盘突出症患者应用后路显微内镜及自制器械行髓核摘除术和侧隐窝扩大减压术的切口选取和手术技巧。其步骤如下：①选取切口：双间隙病变于两间隙中间取切口；3间隙病变者于中间病变间隙取切口。②建立与病变间隙相对应的工作通道。③髓核的摘除。④术中自制器械的应用。结果连续双间隙突出34例，间隔间隙突出2例，连续三间隙突出14例。50例随访6～18个月，平均10个月，按Nakai评定标准，优34例，良13例，可3例，优良率94．0％（47／50）。结论后路MED治疗合并侧隐窝狭窄的多间隙腰椎间盘突出症具有手术刨伤小，神经根减压彻底，术后恢复快，并发症少，近期疗效满意的特点，是目前该类疾病较理想的治疗方法之一。     

硬膜外封闭治疗椎间盘源性腰腿痛

我科自 1997年 10月～ 1999年 10月采用硬膜外封闭术治疗椎间盘源性腰腿痛 10 5例 ,疗效较好 ,现汇报如下 :1　临床资料本组病例中男 6 3例 ,女 42例 ;年龄从 13岁～ 78岁 ;其中单纯腰椎间盘突出症者 5 1例 ,单纯腰椎管狭窄症者 14例 ,腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄症者 30例 ,腰椎间盘突出症术后复发者 7例 ,青少年软骨板损伤症者 3例。病变间隙位于Ｌ3 ,4 间隙者 11例 ,Ｌ4 ,5间隙者 35例 ,Ｌ5Ｓ1间隙者 40例 ,Ｌ4 ,5及Ｌ5Ｓ1双间隙者 19例。所有病人都具有Ｘ线片及ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ资料 ,诊断明确。其中除 7例单纯腰椎管狭窄症患者只具有间歇性跛…     

显微内窥镜下治疗腰椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄

目的 研究后路显微内窥镜(MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄的临床应用价值。方法 显微内窥镜下髓核摘除，同时扩大侧隐窝，部分病人需要同时扩大神经根管，对受压神经根充分减压。结果 本组经后路显微内窥镜下治疗腰椎间盘突合并椎管狭窄452例，术后随访305例，优263例，良31例，差11例，优良率达96．3％。结论 MED在神经根充分减压的基础上，具有损伤小，恢复快，脊柱稳定性好，适用于单侧1个间隙或同侧2个间隙椎间盘突出合并椎管狭窄的治疗。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。