绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平与骨代谢的关系

目的探讨绝经后妇女血清瘦素水平与骨代谢的关系.方法测定85例绝经妇女血清瘦素水平及体重指数、体脂量、甘油三脂和总胆固醇,用双能X线法测定股骨和腰椎的骨密度,并测定骨钙素及尿钙水平,分析瘦素与上述指标之间的相关性.结果用骨密度与瘦素及瘦素相关指标进行多元逐步回归分析,瘦素没有进入腰椎和股骨颈骨密度方程;瘦素与骨钙素及尿钙水平也均无相关.结论瘦素与绝经后妇女的骨代谢无直接关系.     

绝经后骨质疏松症妇女血清痩素水平与骨密度的关系

目的 观察绝经后骨质疏松症妇女血清瘦素水平与骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)的相关性。方法 ELISA法检测32名绝经后骨质疏松症妇女(绝经组)和27名体重指数(BMI)相匹配的非绝经正常对照者(非绝经组)的空腹血清瘦素浓度,双能X线骨密度仪测定受试者腰椎BMD、BMC、T值、Z值。结果 绝经组和非绝经组的血清瘦素浓度分别为12.43±7.90ng/ml和11.76±4.42ng/ml,两组之间无差异;两组血清瘦素浓度均与体重、BMI和脂肪含量(Fat％)显著正相关,绝经组的瘦素水平与BMD及BMC无相关性,非绝经组瘦素浓度与BMDIL3和BMCL5相关(r=0.132,P<0.05;r=0.140,P<0.05),但调整BMI后瘦素浓度与BMD及BMC:的相关性消失(r=0.079,P>0.05;r=0.067,P>0.05)。结论成年妇女瘦素水平与体重、体脂及脂肪含量显著相关,瘦素不是绝经后妇女骨质疏松症的主要影响因素。     

激素替代治疗对心血管的作用

绝经妇女发生一系列的生理和病理变化都与雌激素的减退有关。流行病学调查显示 ,冠心病是绝经后妇女最重要的死亡原因 ,激素替代治疗 ( HRT)能够降低绝经后妇女冠心病的发生率。尽管到目前为止 ,雌激素保护心血管系统的确切机制尚不清楚 ,但随着大量研究工作的开展 ,增加了对雌激素作用机制的了解。本文综述近年有关这方面的部分研究进展 ,旨在为临床应用 HRT提供参考     

血清催产素浓度与绝经后女性骨密度相关性研究

目的探讨催产素与绝经后妇女骨代谢指标以及腰椎和髋部骨密度之间相关性。方法检测185例骨密度正常和132例患骨质疏松症女性的血清催产素、瘦素、雌激素和骨代谢指标浓度。腰椎和股骨颈的BMD通过双能X线吸收法测量。结果患骨质疏松症女性的血清催产素浓度低于骨密度正常的女性(P0.05)。骨质疏松症组中血清催产素浓度与年龄、绝经年限、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和血清PINP、BLAP和CTX浓度呈负相关;与瘦素和雌激素具有明显正相关性;在正常骨密度组中,血清催产素浓度和各种指标未发现明显的相关性。调整年龄和BMI后,腰椎和股骨颈骨密度仍然与绝经年限以及血清PINP、BLAP和CTX浓度呈负相关,与雌激素、瘦素和催产素浓度呈正相关。对年龄和BMI进行调整后,进行多元回归分析显示绝经年限、血清催产素、PINP和CTX是腰椎和股骨颈骨密度的显著预测因子。结论绝经后女性患者较高的血清催产素水平与较高的腰椎和股骨颈骨密度有关。     

绝经后妇女长期低剂量激素替代疗法的研究——Ⅲ．脑实质高信号磁共振成像分析

目的应用3．0磁共振对长期低剂量激素替代疗法（HRT）的绝经后妇女的脑实质变化进行初步研究。方法经筛选北京协和医院155名绝经后健康妇女纳入本研究,其中71例采用低剂量HRT且使用时间超过4年,为HRT组。对照组84例为未经HRT的志愿者。用简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）检测精神状态。用酶联免疫反应测试仪测定血浆性激素水平。所有研究对象进行磁共振平扫、包括轴位自旋-自旋时间加权象（T2WI）,对应层面轴位液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）序列,自旋点阵弛缓时间加权象（T1WI）,斜冠状与海马体部垂直层面（3mm无间隔）及覆盖全脑的3D图像。结果HRT各年龄段血浆雌二醇（E2）水平均高于对照组（P〈0．05）;MMSE两组未见明显差异;脑深部白质高信号（DWMH）在70岁以上者对照组明显高于HRT组（P=0．015）,其他年龄组无显著差异。脑室周围高信号（PVH）两组间无明显差异。结论长期低剂量HRT者血中高水平雌激素可保护高龄绝经后妇女脑组织,延缓其脑深部白质随增龄导致的损害。     

年龄和雌激素对绝经后妇女骨转换生化指标的影响

目的调查骨转换生化指标的差异,并评估激素和年龄相关因素与绝经前和绝经后妇女生化指标的关系。方法选取在2016年1月至2018年1月期间在我院就诊的女性患者作为研究对象。根据问卷调查,共选出496名健康女性,其中绝经前244例,绝经后女性252例。根据试剂制造商提供的指南评估不同的骨标志物,并且采用化学发光免疫测定法进行激素测定,特别是雌二醇水平评估。结果与绝经前妇女相比,绝经后妇女血清钙水平和雌二醇水平显著降低,而绝经后妇女血清磷和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平显著升高(P0.05)。年龄与绝经后骨标志物(ALP和钙)显著相关(P 0.05),而绝经前组无显著相关性。绝经后妇女钙与雌二醇之间呈显著正相关,而ALP与雌二醇之间呈显著负相关。此外,在体质指数和年龄校正偏相关分析中,绝经后妇女雌二醇和骨标志物之间没有显著相关性。结论绝经后女性雌激素水平和骨代谢异常对骨质疏松症的预测有积极的意义。     

绝经后骨质疏松性腰椎骨折骨代谢指标的变化

目的了解雌二醇和白细胞介素-6等骨代谢指标在骨质疏松症发病中的作用。方法选择女性腰椎骨折患者120例,绝经后有骨质疏松者60例(OP组),绝经后无骨质疏松者30例(NOP组),另外选择绝经前妇女30例为对照组。对120名妇女雌二醇、骨密度、白细胞介素-6、血清总碱性磷酸酶、骨钙素、尿羟脯氨酸肌酐比值、尿钙肌酐比值等指标进行了测定。结果绝经后妇女骨形成指标骨钙素及碱性磷酸酶明显高于对照组妇女,其中碱性磷酸酶在OP组和NOP组间有差异,而骨钙素在OP组和NOP组间无差异;绝经后妇女骨吸收指标尿羟脯氨酸肌酐比值及尿钙肌酐比值明显高于对照组妇女,OP组又明显高于NOP组;绝经后妇女的血清雌二醇的含量明显低于对照组(绝经前妇女),OP组又明显低于NOP组;绝经后妇女血清白细胞介素-6的含量明显高于对照组妇女,而OP组又明显高于NOP组。结论雌二醇、白细胞介素-6等骨代谢指标与骨质疏松关系密切。这充分说明雌激素水平的下降,IL-6分泌增多,导致骨吸收加速。     

绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度及骨代谢参数的调查研究

目的 了解E2和IL－6在骨质疏松症发病中的作用。方法 选择绝经后妇女120例，绝经后有骨质疏松60例（OP组），绝经后无骨质疏松60例（NOP组），另外选择绝经前妇女60例为对照组。对180名妇女雌二醇（E2）、骨密度（BMD）、白细胞介素－6（IL－6）、血清总碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、骨钙素（BGP）、尿羟脯氨酸肌酐比值（尿Hoc/Cr)、尿钙肌酐比值（尿Ca/Cr)等指标进行了测定。结果 绝经后妇女骨形成指标BGP及ALT明显高于对照组妇女，其中ALP在OP组和NOP组间有差异，而BGP在OP组和NOP组间无差异；绝经后妇女骨吸收指标尿HOP／Cr及尿Ca/Cr明显高于对照组妇女，OP组尿HOP／Cr及尿Ca/Cr又明显高于NOP组；绝经后妇女的血清E2的含量明显低于对照组（绝经前妇女），OP组又明显低于NOP组；绝经后妇女血清IL－6的含量明显高于对照组妇女，而OP组又明显高于NOP组。结论 本研究证明E2、IL－6与骨质疏松关系密切，雌激素水平的下降，IL－6分泌增多，是导致骨吸收加速的重要原因之一。     

绝经前及绝经后妇女保健知识调查

分析围绝经期及绝经后妇女的围绝经期症状以及她们对围绝经期的认识程度和保健需求 ,为开展围绝经期及绝经后妇女的保健工作提供依据。随机调查 40～ 60岁不同职业 (医务人员、教师、农民 )妇女共 42 8人。采用问卷法 ,对围绝经期月经变化 ,围绝经期症状 ,对围绝经期保健的认识和需求 ,以及对激素替代治疗 ( HRT)的了解和接受程度进行分析。结果 :( 1)在绝经前 ,出现月经变化、围绝经期症状的妇女 ,分别有 44.3 %和46.6% ;平均年龄分别为 43 .4和 45 .6岁。( 2 )对围绝经期保健知识了解 ,医务人员优于教师 ,农民知之甚少。因围绝经期症状而就诊占有症状者 2 6.4% ,95 %的农村妇女认为不需治疗。( 3 )对 HRT的接受程度明显与文化程度、对围绝经期保健的认识及对 HRT的了解有关 ,但即使在医务人员中能较全面的了解 HRT利弊者也不足 1/3。接受 HRT者仅占有症状者的 7% ,且主要集中在医务人员和绝经后妇女。结论 :围绝经期保健应早期进行。书刊、讲座、围绝经期门诊及广播、电视将有利于不同文化层次的中老年妇女获得围绝经期保健知识。只有使更多的妇女了解围绝经期的生理变化和 HRT的利弊正确接受治疗 ,才能达到预防治疗疾病 ,提高生命质量 ,延长寿命的目的。     

维生素B12和叶酸干预对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响

目的观察叶酸和维生素B12对绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的骨代谢及同型半胱氨酸水平的影响。方法 80例绝经后骨质疏松症妇女参加研究。所有参与者随机接受叶酸和维生素B12(n=40)或安慰剂(n=40)治疗。在干预前的基线及干预后3个月和6个月,测量两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物的水平。结果治疗前,两组患者血清同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12和骨代谢标志物水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者同型半胱氨酸均下降,但比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。6个月后各组间血清维生素B12、骨钙素、CTX的变化均有显著改变且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论绝经后骨质疏松症妇女补充叶酸和维生素B12可以一定程度改善同型半胱氨酸及骨代谢指标水平。     

Correlation of serum leptin concentrations with body composition and gender in Taiwanese hemodialysis patients without diabetes

OBJECTIVE: (1) To evaluate the impact of body composition and gender on serum leptin concentration in hemodialysis patients. (2) To study which marker of adiposity is most appropriate in Taiwanese hemodialysis patients without diabetes. (3) To compare the nutrition status between nonlean and lean subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serum leptin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay collected in 88 hemodialysis patients without diabetes. Bioimpedance analysis was performed to determine percent fat mass (%FM), lean body mass (LM), and total body water (TBW). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height2. Albumin and transferrin were measured by standard laboratory methods. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels were more correlated with percent fat mass (r = 0.697; P < 0.001) than with body fat mass (r = 0.672; P < 0.001) or with BMI (r = 0.594; P < 0.001) in the group as a whole and in each subgroup when analyzed separately by gender. The mean (+/- SD) serum leptin levels were 32.5 +/- 34.3 ng mL(-1) in women subjects and 13.6 +/- 15.5 ng mL(-1) in men subjects (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis in all subjects revealed that serum leptin levels were independently affected by percent fat mass and gender. Adiposity corrected serum leptin, such as leptin/BMI, leptin/percent fat mass, and leptin/body fat mass was significantly different between sexes (P < 0.001). The significantly higher serum leptin concentrations in women than in men were observed in obese subjects with BMI > 25 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) as well as nonobese subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (P < 0.05). There were no differences in lean mass and albumin between nonlean and lean subjects. CONCLUSION: Gender and adiposity had impact on serum leptin levels in hemodialysis patients without diabetes. In terms of adiposity, serum leptin levels had stronger correlation with percent fat mass than with body fat mass (FM) or BMI in Taiwanese hemodialysis patients. Steady-state serum leptin levels could serve as valuable clinical markers for the body adiposity in stable hemodialysis patients without diabetes. Protein malnutrition markers and lean mass should be checked in lean subjects for the evaluation of the protein stores of hemodialysis patients.     

Differential distribution of adipokines between serum and synovial fluid in patients with osteoarthritis. Contribution of joint tissues to their articular production

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution of leptin, adiponectin and resistin between paired serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine the potential sources of these adipokines in the joint. The active free form of leptin was also examined by evaluating the level of the soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R). METHODS: Levels of adipokines and sOb-R were measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and SF collected from OA patients. The levels of adipokines were also determined in conditioned media from cultured joint tissues (synovium, infrapatellar fat pad, meniscus, osteophyte, cartilage and bone). RESULTS: The adipokines exhibited different patterns of distribution between the joint and the circulating compartment. Serum levels of resistin and adiponectin exceeded those in the paired SF. Conversely, leptin SF concentrations were similar or higher than those measured in serum counterparts. Leptin and adiponectin in SF may derive from each joint tissue examined, whereas resistin was not detected in conditioned media of cultured explants. Synovium and infrapatellar fat pad were the major sources of adipokines, but osteophytes released also large amounts of leptin. The sOb-R deficiency found in SF further increased the difference in the bioactive leptin levels between serum and SF. A gender-specific difference was observed with women exhibiting the highest level of free leptin in the joint. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrated that adipokines serum levels are not predictive values for SF determination. The joint cavity is a special space where each adipokine undergoes specific regulatory pathways, strengthening the hypothesis that adipokines may have local effects in the joint and may account for the high prevalence of OA in women.     

Leptin in CAPD patients: serum concentrations and peritoneal loss.

BACKGROUND: To determine whether serum leptin concentrations in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are influenced by peritoneal loss of leptin and to compare serum leptin levels of normal subjects with those of patients receiving renal replacement therapy such as haemodialysis (HD), CAPD, or kidney transplantation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-four individuals were investigated: six females and 14 males on standard CAPD; 13 females and 13 males on chronic HD; 10 female and eight male kidney transplant recipients, and 10 female and 10 male subjects as controls. Morning serum, 8-h and 24-h samples of peritoneal fluid concentrated to 6-20-fold by Centricon 3 (cutoff 3000 daltons), and 24-h urinary concentrations of leptin were measured with commercial RIA (Linco Research, Inc., USA). Venous blood and peritoneal fluid samples of albumin, beta2-microglobulin, glucose, urea, and creatinine were determined by standard laboratory techniques. Serum insulin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Patients (men and women) on CAPD and after kidney transplantation exhibited significantly higher serum concentrations of leptin and leptin/BMI ratios than control subjects. These increased values did not reach statistical significance in HD patients. Serum leptin concentrations were correlated very significantly with BMI in all cases (r=0.380, P<0.001). Moreover, in CAPD patients (r=0.630, P<0.007) and in HD patients (r=0.668, P<0.005), but not in kidney transplant recipients or control subjects, significant correlations were observed between serum leptin and insulin concentrations. Residual renal function (RRF) in the range 0-12.8 ml/min and serum beta2-microglobulin levels in the range 7.9-47.1 mg/l did not influence serum leptin levels in CAPD and HD patients. As expected, leptin was detected in the peritoneal fluid of CAPD patients. Twenty-four-hour peritoneal loss (30.95+/-21.05 ng/min) and 24-h peritoneal clearance (0.01+/-0.01 ml/kg/min) of leptin account for only 3.9% of estimated whole-body leptin production rate and 0.7% of leptin clearance from plasma respectively. Twenty-four-hour urinary losses of leptin in CAPD patients were negligible, accounting for 5.6+/-1.8% (range 0.3-15.2%) of total (peritoneal and urinary) loss of this hormone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that serum leptin levels are not affected by continuous peritoneal loss of leptin during CAPD and that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia contribute to elevated serum leptin concentrations in CAPD and HD patients. The aetiology of increased serum leptin levels in kidney transplant recipients is probably different from that in dialysis patients.     

Association between leptin and asthma in adults

BACKGROUND: Leptin, a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by adipose tissue, has previously been shown to be associated with asthma in children. We hypothesised that high serum leptin concentrations would also be associated with asthma in adults. METHODS: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a cross sectional study that included fasting serum leptin concentrations and self-report of doctor diagnosed asthma. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 5876 participants, those with current asthma had a higher mean unadjusted leptin concentration than those who had never had asthma (geometric mean (SE) 9.2 (0.6) microg/l v 7.6 (0.2) microg/l; p = 0.02). After adjustment for triceps skinfold thickness and other covariates, the association between leptin and asthma appeared stronger in women than in men, and in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. Body mass index (BMI) was also associated with current asthma in women, but this association was not significantly affected by adjustment for leptin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this large population based study support the hypothesis that leptin is associated with asthma in women. In addition, while BMI also is related to asthma in women, this study does not support the suggestion that leptin contributes significantly to this association.     

初乳期少乳产妇血清瘦素和血脂改变初步观察

目的　探讨血清瘦素和血脂与初乳期产妇少乳的关系。　方法　对 39例初产妇 ,其中纯母乳喂养组 (正常组 )2 1例和低比例母乳喂养组 (少乳组 ) 18例。分别于来乳第 1和第 4天测定血清瘦素和血脂水平进行分析。结果　少乳组产后来乳第 1和第 4天血清瘦素水平明显高于正常组 ,并以来乳的第 1天为甚 ;血清甘油三脂水平少乳组在来乳第 1至第 4天呈显著下降趋势 ,但胆固醇则无类似改变。结论　初乳期产妇血清高瘦素水平及其血清甘油三脂显著减少是产妇少乳的可能原因之一。     

Relationship Between Some Prognostic Markers of HD Patients and Serum Erythropoietin,Insulin-like Growth Factor-1, Leptin,Parathormone and Testosterone

Iseki et al. [1] have shown that serum levels of albumin (Alb), creatinine (Cr) and BMI are significant predictors of death in haemodialyzed patients (HD pts).In our study we decided to assess the relationship between the levels of Alb, Cr, BMI and substances which have a known metabolic effect on nutritional status in HD pts: endogenous erythropoietin (Epo), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), leptin (Lep), parathormone (PTH), and testosterone. The study was conducted in 53 (28M, 25F) stable HD pts. Serum levels of endogenous Epo and PTH were estimated by CLIA; IGF-I, Lep, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin were estimated by RIA. The multiple regression analysis was done between Alb, Cr, BMI and Epo, IGF-I, PTH and Lep for all HD pts together and free androgen index (FAI) for men and women separately. Correlations: the level of serum albumin did not correlate significantly with any of the measured substances. Serum creatinine level significantly correlated only with the level of IGF-I (p=0.02), BMI was significantly correlated with serum endogenous Epo (p<0.01), leptin (p=0.004) and FAI (p<0.005) both in men and women. We concluded that the higher concentrations of endogenous Epo, IGF-I and testosterone could be correlated with a better prognosis in HD patients.     

Association between circulating leptin and soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: The expression of leptin, an adipocyte-derived protein, is regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Since circulating leptin levels adjusted for body fat mass are reported to be increased in dialysis patients, we examined if the TNF-alpha system may influence blood leptin levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-three stable HD patients who had no signs of infection, collagen disease or malignancy were enrolled in the study (age: 63 +/- 1 years, duration of HD: 14 +/- 1 years, male/female = 34/29). We measured serum leptin, TNF-alpha, soluble receptors for TNF-alpha (sTNFR p55, p80) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations with ELISA kits. Body fat mass was determined using DEXA. To evaluate the potential association between serum leptin and the TNF-alpha system, we compared serum leptin and sTNFR levels, which has been validated as a sensitive marker of activation of the TNF-alpha system. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in female patients compared to male patients (14.07 +/- 3.60 vs. 4.26 +/- 0.85 ng/ml, p < 0.005). A strong correlation was found between serum leptin levels and estimated body fat mass both in males (r = 0.742, p < 0.0001) and females (r = 0.769, p < 0.001), respectively. Serum TNF-alpha, sTNFR p55, p80 and IL-6 levels were significantly increased in HD patients compared to normal subjects. However, no association was found between serum leptin and serum TNF-alpha, sTNFR p55, p80 and IL-6 levels. Serum leptin levels were significantly correlated with the atherosclerotic index both in men (r = 0.382, p = 0.027) and women (r = 0.281, p = 0.041). In contrast, there was no relationship between circulating leptin values and serum albumin, transferrin, creatinine levels, or normalized protein catabolic rate in each sex. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that serum leptin is independent of the TNF-alpha system, and is mainly correlated with body fat volume in HD patients. Elevation of circulating leptin may be associated with the disturbance of the serum lipid profile rather than malnutrition in patients receiving long-term HD.     

雌性激素与胆囊结石发病关系的探讨

作者采用放射免疫法测定了５６例胆囊结石和５３例非胆囊结石女性住院者的血清垂体促卵泡素、黄体生成素、催乳素、性腺雌二醇、雌三醇和孕酮的含量。结果表明，无论是育龄期和绝经期妇女，结石组和对照组的血清雌性激素水平均无显著性差异。雌性激素水平与胆囊结石的发病似无内在联系。     

Estrogen-induced Changes in Protein Binding of Bupivacaine during in Vitro Fertilization

Background: Patients having in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures that use gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist down-regulation undergo hormonal manipulation of estrogen concentrations to induce oocyte maturation. After achieving minimal estrogen concentrations (baseline), stimulation increases estrogen concentrations to supraphysiologic levels, leading to egg retrieval. The isolated effect of estrogen on protein binding has not previously been reported. This study was conducted to measure the effect of estrogen concentrations on protein binding of two concentrations of bupivacaine, 1 micro gram/ml and 5 micro gram/ml, corresponding, respectively, to systemic concentrations expected after administration of epidural anesthesia and associated with bupivacaine toxicity. Serum proteins were measured to address the mechanism.

Methods: Twenty-nine healthy women undergoing IVF procedures were enrolled and venous samples were drawn at times of minimal and maximal estrogen concentrations. The percentage of free bupivacaine was determined at fixed concentrations of 1 and 5 micro gram/ml. Serum albumin and alpha1 -acid glycoprotein concentrations were measured at baseline and at retrieval in a group of 24 women.

Results: The percentage of free bupivacaine increased between times of minimal and maximal serum estrogen concentrations, corresponding to decreased protein binding. Concentrations of serum albumin and alpha1 -acid glycoprotein decreased between baseline and retrieval times.