凋亡途径蛋白XIAP、Caspase-3和Survivin在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达及相互关系

目的研究凋亡调控途径耐药蛋白x连锁凋亡抑制蛋白（X—linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP）、含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3（cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,Caspaes-3）和Survivin在卵巢癌组织中表达,探讨其与卵巢癌临床病理特征的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学PV法检测15例正常卵巢组织及80例卵巢癌中XIAP、Caspase．3和Survivin蛋白的表达状况。结果XIAP和Survivin在卵巢癌组织中阳性表达率均高于正常卵巢组织,Caspase-3低于正常卵巢组织,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。XIAP表达与组织学分型、淋巴结转移无关（P〉0．05）,与临床分期、分化程度有关（P〈0．05）;Caspase-3表达与组织学分型、分化程度、淋巴结转移无关（P〉0．05）,与临床分期有关（P〈0．05）;Survivin表达与组织学分型无关（P〉0．05）,与淋巴结转移、临床分期、分化程度有关（P〈0．05）。Caspase-3与XIAP表达呈负相关（P〈0．05）,Caspase-3与Survivin表达无关联（P〉0．05）,XIAP与Survivin表达呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论凋亡途径XIAP、Caspase-3和Survivin耐药蛋白的表达与卵巢癌的病理特征有关,并且三者在卵巢癌组织中存在相关性,可能在卵巢癌的转化以及耐药方面发挥重要作用。     

凋亡相关基因及蛋白的表达与人卵巢癌细胞顺铂耐药的关系

目的探讨COC1/DDP和COC1中凋亡相关基因及凋亡相关蛋白的表达与人卵巢癌顺铂耐药的关系。方法采用流式细胞仪检测不同浓度顺铂作用于COC1及COC1/DDP细胞48h后细胞凋亡率;RT-PCR及Western blot法检测凋亡相关基因及蛋白Bcl-2、Caspase-3、Smac和Survivin在COC1和COC1/DDP中的表达。结果DDP作用于COC1和COC1/DDP细胞48h后细胞随着DDP浓度的升高,凋亡率也相应增高。COC1/DDP中抗凋亡基因及蛋白Bcl-2、Survivin的表达明显高于COC1。COC1/DDP中促进凋亡的基因及蛋白Smac、Caspase-3的表达明显低于COC1。结论在COC1/DDP中抗凋亡基因及蛋白Bcl-2、Survivin的高表达以及促进凋亡的基因及蛋白Smac和Caspase-3的低表达可能参与COC1/DDP对DDP耐药的发生机制。     

白英提取物诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡及其对凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨白英提取物（Solanum lyratum Thunb extract，STE）对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白Survivin和Caspase-3表达的影响。方法：体外培养sGC-7901细胞，以2．5、5、10mg／LSTE处理sGC-7901细胞48小时，并以2．5mg／L顺铂（DDP）作为阳性对照。用MTT法检测细胞抑制率，TUNEL法检测凋亡率，二步法免疫组化检测Survivin和Caspase-3表达。结果：与正常对照组相比，STE各浓度组细胞抑制率显著上升（P〈0．001），细胞凋亡率明显升高（P〈0．01），Caspase-3蛋白表达显著上升（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），Survivin蛋白表达明显下降（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：STE具有诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡的作用，其分子机制可能与上调Caspase-3及下调Survivin蛋白熹主夭有姜．     

姜黄素对卵巢癌耐药细胞株COC1/DDP的增敏作用及其机制的研究

目的:探讨姜黄素对卵巢癌耐药细胞系COC1/DDP的增敏作用并探讨其机制.方法:采用MTT法检测姜黄素对COC1/DDP细胞的增敏作用;用流式细胞仪检测单用顺铂、单用姜黄素、顺铂与姜黄素合用作用于COC1/DDP细胞48 h后的细胞凋亡率;Western blot法检测单用顺铂及顺铂与姜黄素合用后各组细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Caspase-3、Survivin的表达.结果:姜黄素浓度在15～35 μmol/L以内时以一定的剂量-效应关系对COC1/DDP有明显的增殖抑制作用.顺铂的浓度在1.25～5 mg/L时加入20 μmol/L姜黄素后耐药细胞生存率下降明显(P＜0.05),尤以2.5 mg/L顺铂和20 μmol/L姜黄素联合作用时,耐药细胞生存率下降最明显;COC1/DDP中顺铂与姜黄素联合用药与单独用顺铂及单用姜黄素相比,凋亡率明显增加(P＜0.05);顺铂与姜黄素联合用药与单独用顺铂相比Bcl-2、Survivin蛋白的表达明显降低(P＜0.05),Caspase-3蛋白的表达明显增高(P＜0.05).结论:姜黄素能够显著抑制COC1/DDP增殖,并能增强该细胞系对顺铂的敏感性,其机制可能与降低Bcl-2、Survivin蛋白的表达,增加Caspase-3蛋白的表达有关.     

白藜芦醇对人卵巢癌耐药细胞株SKOV3/DDP耐药逆转的初步研究

目的探讨白藜芦醇对人卵巢癌耐药细胞株SKOV3/DDP的耐药逆转作用及其作用机制。方法体外培养人卵巢癌顺铂耐药细胞株SKOV3/DDP,以MTT法检测单用白藜芦醇对SKOV-3/DDP的杀伤影响,确定其对此细胞株的逆转剂量;同法测定无毒剂量白藜芦醇干预后SKOV3/DDP对顺铂耐药性的变化,通过流式细胞仪检测白藜芦醇逆转剂量干预细胞株后细胞的凋亡情况,采用RT-PCR方法检测白藜芦醇处理SKOV3/DDP细胞前后MDR-1和Bcl-2基因的表达。结果回归分析得出,当白藜芦醇终活性浓度<115.68 U/ml时,对SKOV-3/DDP细胞生长无明显抑制作用,其抑制率小于10%。DDP组于24、48、72 h作用耐药SKOV3/DDP细胞的IC50分别为（23.31±0.42）、（9.01±0.72）、（6.45±0.83）μg/ml,当与逆转剂量（100 U/ml）的白藜芦醇联合应用时白藜芦醇使DDP对耐药SKOV3/DDP细胞的IC50均降低,差异有统计学意义(（印）P（正）<0.05);与24 h RF值相比,48 h和72 h RF值差异均有统计学意义(（印）P（正）<0.05);与对照组相比,DDP组和白藜芦醇+DDP组人卵巢癌SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡数、MDR-1 mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA及MDR-1/Bcl-2值与对照组比较,组间差异均有统计学意义(（印）P（正）<0.05),且白藜芦醇+DDP组SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡数、MDR-1/Bcl-2值明显高于DDP组(（印）P（正）<0.05)。结论白藜芦醇与卵巢癌发生、发展的密切相关,可有效逆转人卵巢癌SKOV3/DDP细胞的顺铂化疗耐药性,且可通过下调MDR-1和Bcl-2的mRNA表达以减少P-gp蛋白表达及药物外排,维持细胞内的DDP浓度。     

抑制ClC-3表达对顺铂诱导人卵巢癌SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡的促进作用

目的：探讨抑制氯离子通道-3(ClC-3)基因表达对顺铂(DDP)诱导的人卵巢癌SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡的促进作用,为卵巢癌的治疗提供实验依据。方法：转染pSH1-siRNA-ClC-3 重组质粒至人卵巢癌SKOV3/DDP细胞,Western blotting方法检测转染重组质粒对ClC-3蛋白表达的影响;MTT法检测细胞增殖率;Western blotting方法检测凋亡相关蛋白细胞色素C（Cyt-c）及Caspase-3活化片段蛋白表达。结果：与SKOV3细胞比较,SKOV3/ DDP细胞中ClC-3蛋白表达水平增加( P<0.05);转染pSH1-siRNA-ClC-3 重组质粒后,SKOV3/DDP细胞ClC蛋白表达水平明显降低;ClC-3-siRNA联合DDP作用后,SKOV3/DDP细胞增殖率下降( P<0.05),Cyt-c和Caspase-3活化片段蛋白表达水平增加( P<0.05) 。结论：pSH1-siRNA-ClC-3可有效抑制SKOV3/DDP细胞ClC-3蛋白的表达,并促进DDP诱导SKOV3/DDP细胞凋亡。     

缺氧诱导因子-1α基因沉默逆转卵巢癌细胞SKOV3/DDP耐药性的机制

目的：观察缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)沉默后人卵巢癌细胞顺铂耐药株SKOV3/DDP 的HIF-1α、多药耐药基因1 （MDR1）和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2基因（Bcl-2）mRNA及蛋白产物的表达,探讨HIF-1α逆转SKOV3/DDP耐药性的机制。方法：体外培养卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3（敏感组）及其顺铂耐药株SKOV3/DDP（耐药组）,部分耐药株转染HIF-1α干扰质粒 pshRNA-HIF（转染组）及对照质粒pshRNA-Control（对照组）。RT-PCR法检测各组细胞HIF-1α、MDR1和Bcl-2 mRNA表达量;Western blotting和免疫组织化学法测定HIF-1α、P-gp（MDR1基因编码蛋白）和Bcl-2蛋白的表达量。结果：RT-PCR检测,敏感组和转染组HIF-1α、MDR1和Bcl-2 mRNA表达量明显低于耐药组（P<0.05)。Western blotting检测,敏感组和转染组HIF-1α、MDR1和Bcl-2蛋白表达量明显低于耐药组(P<0.05) ;免疫组织化学法,敏感组和转染组HIF-1α、MDR1和Bcl-2蛋白表达量明显低于耐药组(P<0.05);MDR1、Bcl-2 mRNA及蛋白在敏感组与转染组的表达量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。HIF-1α表达与MDR1、Bcl-2 mRNA表达量均呈正相关关系（r=0.908,P=0;r=0.916,P=0);HIF-1α表达与P-gp、Bcl-2蛋白表达呈正相关关系(r=0.773,P=0.003;r=0.862,P=0）。结论：HIF-1α沉默逆转人卵巢癌细胞顺铂耐药株SOV3/DDP耐药性可能与MDR1和Bcl-2表达降低有关联。
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癌相关成纤维细胞对上皮性卵巢癌细胞耐药性影响及机制初步研究

目的：探讨癌相关成纤维细胞（carcinoma?associated fibroblasts,CAFs）对卵巢癌细胞化疗耐药性影响及机制。方法：通过CAFs和卵巢癌细胞Ovcar3共培养,采用流式细胞术检测顺铂（cis?diammin?odichloroplatinum,DDP）对共培养前后卵巢癌细胞凋亡率的改变;应用实时定量PCR、Western blot检测DDP对共培养前后卵巢癌细胞中PI3K、AKT、XIAP 的mRNA水平及其蛋白水平的变化;以及AKT 体外特异性阻断剂LY294002对CAFs引起化疗耐药的逆转作用。结果：CAFs与卵巢癌细胞共培养后,DDP诱导的卵巢癌细胞凋亡显著减少（P < 0.05）;共培养组卵巢癌细胞中PI3K及XIAP 的mRNA表达水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）;共培养后PI3K/XIAP蛋白表达显著升高（P < 0.05）;磷酸化AKT（p?AKT）蛋白表达显著升高（P < 0.01）。抑制剂LY294002可显著降低XIAP蛋白表达。结论：CAFs可通过影响PI3K/AKT/XIAP信号通路,影响卵巢癌化疗耐药效应。     

补益与解毒化瘀方协同DDP对SKOV3细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的观察抗癌中药复方（CHMP）药血清及其协同顺铂（DDP）对卵巢癌细胞SKOV3的增殖及凋亡的影响，分析补益（CHMP1）与解毒化瘀（CHMP2）复方在体外对顺铂协同作用的最佳搭配方式及其机制。方法制备复方CHMP1和CHMP2颗粒药不同时相、不同剂量的药血清；MTT法测定各时相及不同剂量药血清对SKOV3细胞增殖的影响，确定药血清最佳时相及剂量，测定两药物相互作用指数（coefficient of drug interaction，CDI），观察CHMP与DDP之间的协同作用；流式细胞术（FCM）分析对照组（A组）、CHMP1组（B组）、CHMP2组（C组）、DDP组（D组）、CHMP1＋DDP（E组）、CHMP2＋DDP组（F组）等各组药血清对SKOV3细胞凋亡的影响，DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳法观察上述各实验组细胞凋亡，Western blot检测上述各组细胞TNFR1、Caspase-8蛋白表达。结果2t-1时相、中剂量CHMP1、CHMP2血清及大剂量DDP血清对SKOV3细胞的抑制率最好，CHMP1、CHMP2与DDP两两药物之间具有明显的协同作用，CDI分别为0．66、0．58；F组对SKOV3细胞的抑制率优于E组（P〈0．05）。各实验组血清作用SKOV3细胞48h后，琼脂糖电泳显示出典型的凋亡梯度状条带；联合用药组对SKOV3细胞凋亡的影响强于单独用药组（P〈0．05）。Western blot分析显示联合应用后TNFR1、Caspase-8蛋白表达增多，与联合应用组细胞凋亡率增加相一致。结论CHMP药血清抑制人卵巢癌细胞SKOV3生长的作用主要是通过诱导细胞凋亡实现，与化疗药DDP具有协同作用，解毒化瘀复方与DDP的协同作用优于补益复方。CHMP与DDP协同作用与其促进凋亡途径TNFR1启动及Caspase-8的活化有关。     

PI-103对人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3／DDP顺铂化疗效果的影响

目的：探讨磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）双抑制剂PI-103对卵巢癌耐顺铂株SKOV3/DDP顺铂化疗效果的影响。方法：将PI-103、顺铂及两者联合分别作用于SKOV3/DDP细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞生长情况,流式细胞技术检测药物单独或联合作用对细胞凋亡的影响;应用Western blot检测蛋白激酶B（Akt）、磷酸化Akt（p-Akt）、核糖体蛋白（rpS6）、磷酸化rpS6（p-rpS6）以及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2与Bax蛋白表达变化。结果：PI-103能够抑制SKOV3/DDP细胞增殖,且呈浓度、时间依赖性;联合用药可以明显增加对细胞生长抑制和凋亡作用。 PI-103能下调Akt和rpS6的磷酸化水平,促DDP上调Bax和下调Bcl-2的表达。结论：PI-103抑制PI3 K/Akt/mTOR信号传导通路,促DDP上调促凋亡蛋白及下调抗凋亡蛋白的表达,从而抑制癌细胞生长,诱导其凋亡,增加卵巢癌耐顺铂株SKOV3/DDP细胞对DDP的化疗效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.