"通督调神固本"电针法对血管性痴呆模型大鼠学习记忆能力和血浆内皮素含量的影响

[目的] 观察"通督调神固本"电针法对血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠学习记忆能力和血浆内皮素(ET)含量的影响.[方法] 将成年健康SD 大鼠 (SPF 级) 随机分为假手术组8只、电针组9只(电针治疗,取百会、大椎、脾俞、肾俞穴)、西药组8只 (尼莫通治疗,剂量为 12mg/kg) 和模型组8只(不作治疗).采用改良的四血管阻断法复制VD模型,Morris 水迷宫法测定大鼠学习记忆能力,放射免疫法测定血浆 ET 含量.[结果] 模型大鼠血浆 ET 含量显著性升高(P<0.01),其学习记忆能力表现出明显的障碍,在水迷宫实验中,其逃避潜伏期显著性延长(P<0.01),在原平台象限跨越平台次数与其他3个象限比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).而电针组、西药组大鼠逃避潜伏期显著性缩短(P<0.01),相同时间内跨越原平台次数显著性多于其他3个象限(P<0.01),并可使血浆ET含量显著性降低(P<0.01),与假手术组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).[结论]"通督调神固本"电针法治疗VD的作用可能与其调节血浆ET含量,有效提高VD大鼠学习记忆能力有关.     

MCAO模型大鼠学习记忆特征

目的观察MCAO模型大鼠的学习记忆行为学特征.方法对Zea Longa和Nagasawa法加以改进,采用同侧颈总动脉永久结扎大脑中动脉线栓法制备MCAO模型大鼠,造模1个月后利用Morris水迷宫检测模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力.结果 Morris水迷宫定位航行试验结果显示,从第5次游泳训练开始,模型组大鼠的逃避潜伏期[(73.9±50.5)s]和游泳路径[(1631.0±1267.1)cm]显著大于假手术组[(31.6±21.4)s/(677.0±400.9)cm]和正常组[(29.0±20.2)s/(602.0±328.3)cm]大鼠的逃避潜伏期和游泳路径.模型组大鼠空间探索试验中平台象限游泳时间和路径(tP/tT值)与总游泳时间和总路径之比(dP/dT值),[tP/tT值(0.261±0.068)和dP/dT值(0.274±0.054)]显著小于正常组[(0.351±0.065)/(0.352±0.057)]和假手术组[(0.350±0.0662)/(0.349±0.058),P <0.05].结论同侧颈总动脉永久结扎大脑中动脉线栓法VaD模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力明显下降,与脑缺血记忆障碍特征相似,是研究脑缺血后神经损伤理想的动物模型.     

纳洛酮对血管性痴呆大鼠学习与记忆能力影响的研究

目的 研究纳洛酮对血管性痴呆大鼠学习与记忆能力的影响.方法 采用结扎大鼠双侧颈总动脉方法 , 制备血管性痴呆模型后随机分为模型组和治疗组,另设假手术组. 治疗组大鼠连续7天腹腔注射纳洛酮后分组对动物进行Morris水迷宫训练.结果 (1)在Morris 水迷宫隐匿平台训练中,假手术组动物的逃避潜伏期最短, 治疗组动物的逃避潜伏期比模型组明显缩短(P<0.05);(2)探索实验中假手术组穿越次数最多,治疗组穿越次数又多于模型组(P<0.05);(3)可见平台学习中,三组动物的逃避潜伏期无明显组间差别(P>0.05).结论 纳洛酮可明显改善血管性痴呆大鼠的学习记忆能力.     

老年学习记忆减退大鼠模型的研究

目的 :建立老年学习记忆减退大鼠模型。方法 :用定位航行试验测定大鼠在水迷宫中逃避潜伏期 ,空间探索试验测定大鼠在水迷宫中游泳路径。结果 :测得青年鼠平均逃避潜伏期为 13.8± 5 .6s,以青年鼠平均逃避潜伏期 95 %和 99%正常值的上限值为界 ,潜伏期大于 99%上限值的老年大鼠为老年学习记忆减退大鼠 ,小于 95 %上限值为老年学习记忆正常大鼠 ;空间探索试验显示青年鼠和学习记忆正常老年鼠的游泳轨迹主要集中在平台象限 ,其在平台象限的游泳距离占总距离百分比例分别为 47.7%和 40 .2 % ,明显高于非平台象限 (P <0 .0 1) ,老年学习记忆减退大鼠游泳轨迹呈随机分布 ,其在平台象限的游泳距离占总距离百分比例为 2 5 .0 % ,与其它非平台象限差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :用Morris水迷宫行为检测老年大鼠 ,筛选老年学习记忆减退大鼠的方法正确、可靠。     

不同浓度Aβ_(25-35)蛋白模拟阿尔茨海默病模型学习记忆的差异

目的不同浓度的淀粉样蛋白Aβ_(25-35)侧脑室注射后,观察大鼠Morris水迷宫学习记忆能力的变化,探讨制备AD模型大鼠时Aβ_(25-35)注射的最佳浓度。方法雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组和模型组,模型组Aβ_(25-35)注射浓度分别为2、4和8μg/μL。参照《大鼠脑立体定位图谱》,选取右侧侧脑室注射聚集态的Aβ_(25-35),制备AD大鼠模型。造模成功后7 d采用Morris水迷宫测试各组大鼠学习记忆能力的变化。结果平均游泳速度比较,各组大鼠间差异无显著性(P0.05)。逃避潜伏期结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间明显增加,差异有显著性(P0.05);模型组中,与注射2μg/μL的大鼠比较,注射4μg/μL与8μg/μL后大鼠逃避潜伏期时间明显增加,差异有显著性(P0.05);4μg/μL与8μg/μL组间比较,差异无显著性(P0.05)。目标象限的活动时间与路程显示,与假手术组比较,模型组注射不同剂量Aβ_(25-35)的大鼠目标象限活动时间和路程均显著减少,差异有显著性(P0.05),但模型组不同浓度间比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。空间探索结果显示,与假手术组比较,模型组注射不同剂量Aβ_(25-35)的大鼠穿越平台次数均显著减少,差异有显著性(P0.05);模型组中,与注射2μg/μL的大鼠比较,注射4μg/μL和8μg/μL后大鼠穿台次数明显减少,差异有显著性(P0.05)。4μg/μL与8μg/μL组间比较,差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论单侧侧脑室注射Aβ_(25-35)蛋白制备大鼠AD模型时,注射Aβ_(25-35)的推荐浓度为4μg/μL。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠45只,随机分为假手术对照组(SOC组)、双侧FF切断模型组(模型组)和骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗组(治疗组)。用Morris水迷宫检测各组动物逃避潜伏期。结果:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长(P<0.05),与模型组相比,BMSCs治疗组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.05)。结论:BMSCs移植能够改善AD大鼠空间学习记忆能力。     

电针对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用及其机理探讨

【目的】观察电针对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其可能的机理。【方法】选择SPF级成年健康SD大鼠50只,随机抽取8只大鼠为假手术组,其他42只均采用4血管阻断法复制缺血模型。将造模成功的大鼠按随机数字表法分为电针组、尼莫通组和模型组。假手术组和模型组同等条件下饲养,未予任何治疗。电针组针刺模型大鼠头部百会穴,背部双侧膈俞穴、脾俞穴和肾俞穴,连接电针仪,施以连续波,频率150 Hz,1次/d,连续治疗15 d。尼莫通组模型大鼠给予尼莫通12 mg/kg,1次/d,连续15 d。治疗15 d后采用Morris水迷宫学习记忆行为测试法测定大鼠学习记忆能力,采用双波长分光光度计法检测大鼠血浆CO含量,分光光度比色法测定缺血脑组织中NO的含量。【结果】模型大鼠表现出明显的学习记忆障碍,在水迷宫实验中,其逃避潜伏期显著性延长,在原平台象限跨越相应平台次数与其他3个象限无显著性差异,血浆CO和脑组织NO水平显著性升高。而电针组逃避潜伏期较模型组显著性缩短,相同时间内跨越原平台次数显著性多于其他3个象限,血浆CO和脑组织NO含量较模型组大鼠显著降低(均P<0.05或P<0.01)。【结论】电针治疗血管性痴呆的作用可能与其改善VD大鼠学习记忆能力,显著性降低血浆CO和脑组织NO含量有关。     

丰富环境对大鼠学习记忆及海马CA1区脑源性神经营养因子表达的影响

目的 探讨丰富环境对Wistar大鼠学习记忆的影响及其脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)机制.方法 20只3周龄Wistar大鼠随机分为丰富环境组和正常对照组,分别在丰富环境和正常环境喂养30d.Morris水迷宫实验评定其学习记忆能力,免疫组化检测海马CA1区BDNF的蛋白表达.结果 丰富环境组大鼠逃避潜伏期[(24.37±5.45)s]显著短于对照组[(31.28±5.39)s],差异具有显著性(P<0.05);丰富环境组跨越平台次数[(3.38±0.79)次]、平台象限游泳距离[(915.52±125.12)cm]明显多于对照组[(2.21±0.49)次、(468.67±70.29)cm],差异具有显著性(P<0.01);丰富环境组海马CA.区BDNF灰度值(128.79±8.45)明显小于正常对照组(142.57±9.36),差异具有显著性(P<0.05).结论 丰富环境明显增强大鼠的学习记忆能力,其可能是通过BDNF机制实现的.     

单侧磨牙缺失对老年性学习记忆减退大鼠空间记忆能力的影响

目的探讨单侧缺牙对不同学习记忆能力老年大鼠的空间记忆能力的影响.方法用Morris水迷宫筛选出老年记忆减退鼠和老年记忆正常鼠,拔除单侧磨牙后2个月,再用Morris水迷宫进行行为学测试.结果逃避潜伏期:老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组比对照组明显延长(P<0.01).平台象限游泳距离百分比:与其它象限比,老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组无明显差异,而其对照组、青年鼠、老年记忆正常鼠均明显提高(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论单侧磨牙缺失可加速老年性学习记忆减退鼠学习记忆能力的损害.     

电针“百会”“大椎”对脑梗死大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的探讨电针对脑梗死大鼠学习记忆能力、中枢神经系统的可塑性影响及其可能机制。方法选用雄性Wistar大鼠,参照小泉线栓法制成大鼠右侧大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO）脑梗死模型,48只脑梗死造模成功的大鼠随机分为脑梗死自由活动组（对照组）和脑梗死电针组（康复组）,每组各24只,对照组和电针组大鼠在电针1、2、3周采用Morris水迷宫进行学习记忆能力测评。结果学习记忆能力测评：电针组大鼠Morris水迷宫逃避潜伏期短于对照组（P〈0.05）。电针组大鼠在平台象限游泳时间占时间之比和经过平台的次数明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论电针＂百会＂,＂大椎＂穴能明显改善脑缺血大鼠的学习记忆能力。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.