纤维支气管镜在PICU重症肺炎患儿治疗中的效果分析

目的分析纤维支气管镜应用于PICU重症肺炎患儿治疗中的效果。方法将我院于2019年9月至2021年6月收治的80例重症肺炎患儿分为2组,即观察组和对照组,对照组予以抗生素、氧疗、止咳祛痰等常规治疗,观察组另予纤维支气管镜灌洗治疗,观察疗效、住院天数、总热程、肺部感染评分(CPIS)变化、白细胞计数(WBC)变化、咳嗽好转时间、啰音消失时间等,统计灌洗治疗前后并发症;择取两组致病菌均为腺病毒患儿进行二次分组--灌洗组及未灌洗组,比较两组疗效、咳嗽好转时间、啰音消失时间、住院时间、总热程,观察支气管镜对腺病毒感染者治疗效果。结果观察组疗效优于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);灌洗组疗效与未灌洗组基本相当(P>0.05)。观察组WBC、CPIS得分均显著低于对照组,总热程、咳嗽有效控制时间、肺部湿啰音消失时间、住院总天数均明显短于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);灌洗组咳嗽控制时间短于未灌洗组(P<0.05),但总热程、啰音消失时间及住院天数与未灌洗组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。灌洗并发症发生率为20.00%,均好转。结论PICU重症肺炎患儿应用纤维支气管镜治疗安全可靠,能明显改善患儿当前症状,但对腺病毒导致的重症肺炎收效甚微。     

Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients

The World Health Organization characterized coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Peritoneal dialysis patients have a weakened immune system that is associated with a high morbidity of infection. Thus, COVID-19 prevention measures and management for patients on peritoneal dialysis are urgent and critical. Based on published research on COVID-19 and previous clinical practices for similar coronavirus outbreaks, we aimed to make recommendations to manage patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.     

社区获得性肺炎的中西医治疗研究进展

社区获得性肺炎(Community Acquired Pneumonia,CAP)是比较常见的院外肺部炎性疾病之一,随着细菌、支原体、衣原体等多种病原体的耐药率的上升,以及病患梯度的范围增加,CAP的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,死亡率日益增高,导致医疗资源消耗巨大。目前临床上CAP的患者主要依靠经验性治疗。正确选择抗生素、减少病原体的耐药率,优化肺部炎症疾病的医疗方案,提高CAP临床治愈率已经成为临床医生当前面临的一项重大挑战。中药制剂具有广谱抗菌、调节免疫、不易耐药、简便价廉等特点,是解决上述难题的一个很好途径。     

真菌性、细菌性和病毒性肺炎的若干凝血指标变化分析

探讨真菌性、细菌性和病毒性肺炎的若干凝血指标差异性研究。方法 回顾性分析2017 年7 月～2019 年11 月本院肺炎患者128 例与同期门诊健康体检者50 例，分析患者血浆纤维蛋白原（FIB）、凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分凝血酶时间（APTT）的水平。结果 三类肺炎组与对照组在FIB、PT 和APTT 水平比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；FIB、PT 水平与病原感染呈正相关，APTT 与病原感染呈负相关。结论FIB、PT、APTT 可以间接提示肺炎感染病原体类型，具有临床意义。     

Lower incidence of hospital-treated infections in infants under 3 months of age vaccinated with BCG

BackgroundLive vaccines potentially have non-specific effects that protect against other infections than those the vaccines are targeted against. The national vaccination program (NVP) in Finland was changed on September 1st, 2006: before BCG vaccine was given to all newborn babies and afterwards to babies in risk groups only. We used this natural experiment to study the non-specific effects of BCG in the frame of NVP using before-after design.MethodsWe compared the incidence of several outcomes obtained from Finnish health registers between children born between July 1st, 2004, and June 30th, 2006 (BCG-eligible) and an age- and season-matched reference cohort born between July 1st, 2007, and June 30th, 2009 (BCG-non-eligible) using Poisson regression. These cohorts were restricted to full-term children whose parents were born in Finland. Follow-up began at birth and lasted 3 months, which is the scheduled age for DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccination, and from 4 months until first birthday. The outcomes included all infections, pneumonia and injuries as a negative control outcome.ResultsThe incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the BCG-eligible cohort (N = 93,658) compared to BCG-non-eligible cohort (N = 94,712) for hospital-diagnosed infections was 0.89 (95 %Cl 0.86–0.93) for the 3-month follow-up. The decrease was mainly caused by respiratory infections. In 4–12 months follow-up the BCG-eligible had slightly more infections than BCG-non-eligible children (IRR 1.03, 1.01–1.06).ConclusionsBCG vaccination was associated with a lower incidence of all hospital-diagnosed infections during the first three months of life. The difference cannot be attributed to lung tuberculosis, since only few paediatric cases occurred in Finland during 2000s. The disappearance of non-specific effect after administration of an inactivated vaccine is compatible with previous studies.     

Utility of Differential White Cell Count and Cell Population Data for Ruling Out COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia

IntroductionThe main aim of this study was to assess the utility of differential white cell count and cell population data (CPD) for the detection of COVID-19 in patients admitted for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) of different etiologies.MethodsThis was a multicenter, observational, prospective study of adults aged ≥18 years admitted to three teaching hospitals in Spain from November 2019 to November 2021 with a diagnosis of CAP. At baseline, a Sysmex XN-20 analyzer was used to obtain detailed information related to the activation status and functional activity of white cells.ResultsThe sample was split into derivation and validation cohorts of 1065 and 717 patients, respectively. In the derivation cohort, COVID-19 was confirmed in 791 patients and ruled out in 274 patients, with mean ages of 62.13 (14.37) and 65.42 (16.62) years, respectively (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in all CPD parameters except MO-Y. The multivariate prediction model showed that lower NE-X, NE-WY, LY-Z, LY-WY, MO-WX, MO-WY, and MO-Z values and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were related to COVID-19 etiology with an AUC of 0.819 (0.790, 0.846). No significant differences were found comparing this model to another including biomarkers (p = 0.18).ConclusionsAbnormalities in white blood cell morphology based on a few cell population data values as well as NLR were able to accurately identify COVID-19 etiology. Moreover, systemic inflammation biomarkers currently used were unable to improve the predictive ability. We conclude that new peripheral blood biomarkers can help determine the etiology of CAP fast and inexpensively.