非小细胞肺癌相关抗原血清水平与老年重症肺炎预后关系的探讨

目的探讨老年重症肺炎(SAP)患者非小细胞肺癌相关抗原(CYFRA21-1)血清水平变化及其对临床转归的影响。方法28例老年SAP患者分为存活组(13例)与死亡组(15例),另选26例老年健康者作为对照组。一旦确诊为SAP,分别于入院当天、治疗后5d及治愈出院或死亡时测血清CYFRA21-1水平,并动态观察神志、血压、SaO2、白蛋白、白细胞计数、PaO2、PaCO2及急性生理和慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分等指标。结果神志、血压、SaO2、白蛋白、白细胞计数、PaO2、PaCO2及APACHEⅡ评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗第5天血清CYFRA21-1水平死亡组高于存活组(P<0.05),存活组治愈后如仍高,有反复发作肺炎的可能;两组血清CYFRA21-1水平均高于健康对照组。结论老年SAP患者血清CYFRA21-1的水平升高程度与病死率密切相关,和反复发作也有一定的关系,说明血清CYFRA21-1在老年SAP发生及发展过程中有一定作用。     

呼吸机相关肺炎的病因及防治对策

目的探讨呼吸机相关肺炎(VAP)的发病原因,以便采取对策进行防治. 方法对185例呼吸机使用患者采用第2、5、7天,第2、3周分别做细菌培养,观察呼吸机运用时间与VAP发病的相关性,并将病原菌加以统计与分析. 结果 VAP发病率为28.1%,使用呼吸机2、5、7 d、第2、3周VAP发病率分别为7.6%、13.5%、21.2%、32.7%、25.0%;52例VAP病原菌共7个种别58株,大多数为耐药菌. 结论使用呼吸机时间长短与VAP发病率密切相关,使用时间愈长发病率愈高,各病区应采取有效对策严密控制VAP的发生与扩散.     

妊娠合并肺炎的临床观察与护理

目的观察妊娠合并肺炎的临床治疗、护理经过与转归。方法抽取于我院治疗的妊娠合并各型肺炎孕妇42例,经过积极的降温、消炎、抗感染、纠正电解质紊乱及生活、用药、对症、心理护理等一系列治疗护理措施后,观察孕产妇的转归及预后。结果 42例孕妇28例经积极治疗后治愈出院,继续待产。10例孕妇经积极治疗体温降至正常后自行经阴道分娩。4例因高热,胎心持续160bpm以上,给予剖宫产术结束妊娠,新生儿生后5minApgar评分8～10分2例,7～9分1例,5～6分1例,立即进行新生儿复苏抢救后生后10min评9分。结论加强妊娠合并肺炎的治疗与护理,是促使病情早日康复、降低母儿损伤的的重要环节。     

Association between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and respiratory tract infections in children: A prospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome and the incidence of pneumonia and recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) in children.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in the pediatric outpatient department of Beijing Dongfang Hospital. Children without respiratory tract infections (RTIs) were consecutively recruited according to the selection criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to record traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms and demographic and physiological characteristics. Gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was considered to be a predisposing factor and was diagnosed according to a scale with reliability and validity. The participants were followed up for 12 months. Participants and their parents or guardians were contacted via clinical interviews and telephone every 6 months. Episodes of pneumonia and RTIs were recorded in detail.ResultsA total of 420 children were included. Of participants, 370 (88.10%) were followed up for 12 months. The mean number of RTI episodes per participant was 5.37 (95% CI: 5.14 to 5.60). In total, 186 participants in the gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group and 184 participants in the non-gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome group completed the 12-month follow-up period. The baseline of both groups was comparable. The incidence of RRTIs in children with gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.59) times that in children without gastrointestinal heat retention syndrome. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormally increased appetite with frequent hunger, foul breath, dry stools, and dark red or purple fingerprints were positively correlated with the incidence of pneumonia. Irascibility and feverish feelings in the palms and soles were positively correlated with the occurrence of RRTI.ConclusionsGastrointestinal heat retention syndrome is a risk factor for RRTIs in children. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up time are warranted to confirm the degree of causal risk associated with RTIs.     

沐舒坦静脉推注联合雾化吸入治疗脑卒中伴坠积性肺炎的疗效

【目的】探讨沐舒坦静脉推注联合雾化吸入治疗脑卒中伴坠积性肺炎的临床疗效。【方法】选取2012年5月至2013年5月本院收治的脑卒中伴坠积性肺炎患者80例，按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组给予抗生素、对症、治疗原发病等常规治疗。观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予沐舒坦静脉推注联合雾化吸入。观察并对比两组的临床疗效，肺部哆音和胸片阴影消失时间，治疗前后的动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）和氧饱和度（SaO2）的变化。【结果】观察组临床有效率明显高于对照组（85％VS62．5％），且两组相比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；观察组肺部哆音和胸片阴影消失时间明显短于对照组（P〈0．01）。治疗前两组的SaO2和PaCO2比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05），观察组治疗后的SaO2和PaCO2较治疗前明显改善（P〈0．05），且明显优于对照组（P〈0．05），而对照组治疗后的SaO2和PaCO2与治疗前比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。【结论】沐舒坦静脉推注联合雾化吸入治疗脑卒中伴坠积性肺炎的疗效显著，值得临床推广。     

A novel host-protein assay outperforms routine parameters for distinguishing between bacterial and viral lower respiratory tract infections

Bacterial and viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are often clinically indistinguishable, leading to antibiotic overuse. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of a new assay that combines 3 host-biomarkers (TRAIL, IP-10, CRP) with parameters in routine use to distinguish bacterial from viral LRTIs. Study cohort included 184 potentially eligible pediatric and adult patients. Reference standard diagnosis was based on adjudication by an expert panel following comprehensive clinical and laboratory investigation (including respiratory PCRs). Experts were blinded to assay results and assay performers were blinded to reference standard outcomes. Evaluated cohort included 88 bacterial and 36 viral patients (23 did not fulfill inclusion criteria; 37 had indeterminate reference standard outcome). Assay distinguished bacterial from viral LRTI patients with sensitivity of 0.93 ± 0.06 and specificity of 0.91 ± 0.09, outperforming routine parameters, including WBC, CRP and chest x-ray signs. These findings support the assay's potential to help clinicians avoid missing bacterial LRTIs or overusing antibiotics.