Tim-3在小鼠心脏移植受者体内不同部位T淋巴细胞上表达的变化

目的 检测激活的T_H1类淋巴细胞标记分子"T淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白域及粘蛋白域蛋白-3(Tim-3)"在受者体内不同部位T淋巴细胞上表达的变化,探讨其与急性排斥反应的关系.方法 建立小鼠同基因和异基因心脏移植模型(简称:同基因组和异基因组);移植术后第3和第6天,分离和制备两组受者外周血、脾脏、引流淋巴结和移植心内淋巴细胞悬液,采用流式细胞仪检测Tim-3阳性细胞在CD4~+ 和CD8~+ T淋细胞中的比值.结果 两组受者术后外周血和脾脏内Tim-3~+/CD4~+以及Tim-3~+/CD8~+ 的比值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>O.05).与同基因组比较,异基因组引流淋巴结内Tim-3~+/CD4~+ 比值轻度升高(P<0.05);但异基因组术后第6天与第3天比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与同基因组比较,移植心内Tim-3~+/CD4~+和TiM-3~+/CD8~+比值均显著升高(P<0.01);异基因组术后第6天与第3天比较.移植心TiM-3~+/CD4~+和Tim-3~+/CD8~+比值也显著升高(P<0.01).结论 小鼠异基因心脏移植受者引流淋巴结和移植心内T淋巴细胞上Tim-3的表达升高与急性排斥反应的进展动态相关.     

Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor prolongs survival of fully mismatched cardiac allografts

Recent data suggest that activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by its high-affinity ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) results in expansion of regulatory T (Treg) cells and suppresses the development of autoimmune and allergic diseases in several models. Treg cells have been increasingly documented to suppress allograft rejection and even to establish stable long-term graft acceptance. However, the involvement of TCDD in the regulation of solid organ transplantation rejection is largely unknown. Here, we examined whether activation of AhR with TCDD altered cardiac allograft rejection in an allogeneic heart transplant model. Recipient C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were adminis-trated with a single intraperitoneal injection of TCDD, and the murine cardiac transplant models from BALB/c (H-2d) to C57BL/6 (H-2b) were built 24 h later. The complete cessation of cardiac contractility was defined as the observation endpoint. The effect of TCDD on T-cell proliferation was assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to estimate the severity of rejection. The phenotype and cytokine profile of lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Activation of AhR remarkably prolonged the survival of cardiac allografts to more than 20 days. In vitro, TCDD ugregulated the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and suppressed the proliferation of T lymphocytes. In vivo, the prolonged survival time was associated with increased number of Treg cells in allografts and spleens. Furthermore, the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) was reduced to less than 50% of that of the PBS treatment control group by TCDD treatment, whereas IL-10 was elevated to 10-fold of that of the PBS treatment control group. Collectively, our data indicate that activation of AhR with a single dose of TCDD significantly prolonged the survival of fully allogeneic cardiac grafts, and the mechanism underlying this effect might be involved in the induction of Treg cells.     

经口机器人术后大出血1例北大核心CSCD

本文报道了华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的1例T4a期口咽癌侵及喉患者,经口机器人手术后4 d出现舌动脉分支破裂出血,通过环甲膜切开结合口咽部纱布填塞后,经皮介入动脉栓塞治疗后出血停止,患者顺利康复,带管出院后回当地医院放化疗。术后随访41个月,患者目前无瘤生存,发音正常,无明显功能障碍。     

鼓室导抗图与颞骨 CT 对分泌性中耳炎的诊断价值比较

目的分析鼓室导抗图和颞骨CT检查对分泌性中耳炎鼓室积液的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析150例（260耳）慢性分泌性中耳炎患者的临床资料,以术中发现鼓室积液为金标准,分别计算各种类型异常鼓室导抗图和颞骨CT对分泌性中耳炎的诊断符合率。结果 B、C、As型鼓室导抗图对分泌性中耳炎中耳积液的诊断符合率分别为94．52％（138/146耳）、86．49％（64/74耳）、80．0％（4/5耳）,异常鼓室导抗图综合诊断符合率为91．56％（206/225耳）,而颞骨C T的诊断符合率为99．15％（117/118耳）,高于异常鼓室导抗图的综合诊断符合率,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论颞骨CT和鼓室导抗图检查在分泌性中耳炎诊断中的价值均很高,在出现非B型鼓室导抗图时,前者可作为后者的补充。     

利用DIGE和RP-HPLC-ESI/MS技术寻找慢性移植肾失功患者血清标志物

目的:利用蛋白组学二维差异性凝胶电泳(2-D DIGE)和反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)联合电喷射离子化质谱(ESI/MS)技术寻找慢性移植肾失功患者血清生物标志物.方法:血清样本分成4组,慢性移植物失功组(CGD组)、移植后长期肾功能稳定组(SRF组)、急性排斥组(AR组)和健康对照组(N组).血清样本经多重亲和排除柱去除高丰度蛋白处理后,使用2-D DIGE技术找到差异蛋白点.切下这些差异蛋白点,胰蛋白酶消化,经RP-HPLC-ESI/MS分析鉴定,在另一独立样本中对鉴定出的差异蛋白Galectin-7进行ELISA验证.结果:在CGD组患者血清中差异表达的蛋白共有39个,质谱鉴定出22个,包括栽脂蛋白A-I前体,补体C4-A前体,Galectin-7等.ELISA结果提示CGD组患者血清中Galectin-7的表达较SRF组和N组有明显增高.结论:找到的这些差异蛋白具有不同的生物功能,为大样本、多中心的验证奠定了基础.Galectin-7可能是CGD的血清标志物,并对CGD的发病机制和治疗策略提供新的思路.     

弓形虫可溶性抗原混合液延长小鼠移植心脏存活时间

目的 探讨弓形虫可溶性抗原混合液(STAgs)延长小鼠移植心脏存活时间的作用及其作用机制.方法 通过在冰浴中超声粉碎弓形虫速殖子制备弓形虫STAgs.实验分为3组,每组受者9只.STAgs组和急性排斥反应(AR)组:供者为Balb/c小鼠,受者为C57BL/6小鼠,移植前4 d两组受者分别皮下注射STAgs 5μg和磷酸盐缓冲液100μl,同系对照组供、受者均为C57BL/6小鼠,术前未进行任何处理.分组后建立小鼠颈部异位心脏移植模型.术后观察移植心脏存活时间,术后第7天每组处死3只受者,获取移植心脏行病理学检查观察排斥反应,采用免疫组织化学检测移植心中CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞.结果 同系移植组在观察终点100 d时均存活,AR组和STAgs组移植心脏存活时间分别为(6.7±0.5)和(70.8±3.5)d,3组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后第7天,同系移植组、AR组和STAgs组移植心排斥反应分级分别为0级、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级和0～Ⅰ级;免疫组织化学检测显示STAgs组CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞比例明显少于AR组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 弓形虫STAgs能显著延长小鼠移植心脏的存活时间,减轻移植心脏的排斥反应,县体机制可能与弓形虫STAgs可影响TH1/TH2比例相关,也可能通过刺激机体产生脂氧素A4抑制树突状细胞活化发挥作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of T. gondii soluble tachyzoite antigen (STAgs) on the survival time of mouse heart allograft and the possible mechanism. Methods The STAgs were prepared by pulverizing T. gondii tachyzoite with ultrasound on ice. Cervical heterotopic heart transplantations were done by using Balb/c mice as donors, and C57BL/6 mice as recipients.The recipients were classified randomly into three groups: syngeneic group, acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group. The recipients in acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group were injected subcutaneously with 0. 1 ml PBS and 0. 1 ml (5 μg) STAgs at the 4th day before transplantation respectively, and those in syngeneic group were not subjected to any treatment. The grafts were observed daily by cervical palpation, and the total cessation of cardiac contraction was defined as the endpoint. The heart allografts were harvested at the 7th day after transplantation for pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining for CD4+ T, CD8+ T. Results The recipients in syngeneic group were all alive at the 100th day after transplantation. The average survival time in acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group was (6.7± 0.5) days and (70.8± 3.5) days,respectively (P＜0.05). HE staining showed that the rejection on the 7th day after transplantation in syngeneic group, acute rejection group and STAgs-treated group was fallen into 0 degree, Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree and 0- Ⅰ degree, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the CD4+ T and CD8+T were markedly down-regulated in STAgs-treated group as compared with those in acute rejection group. Conclusion T. gondii STAgs can significantly prolong the survival time of mouse heart allograft and inhibit the rejection probably by changing the ratio of TH1/TH2, or inhibiting the effect of dendritic cells by inducing the lipoxin A4.     

激活芳香烃受体抑制同种异体小鼠心脏移植物急性排斥反应

目的:验证在小鼠心脏移植中,2,3,7,8-四氯二苯二氧芑(TCDD)激活芳香烃受体(AHR)是否可以诱导调节性T细胞(Treg)扩增以及减轻急性排斥反应。方法:建立小鼠心脏移植模型,给予TCDD,观察对排斥反应及移植物生存期的影响。体外实验评估TCDD对Treg细胞比例的影响。检测受者体内Treg细胞比例及白细胞介素(白介素)-10表达水平。结果:TCDD激活AHR明显减轻心脏移植物内急性排斥反应,延长移植物存活时间[MST=(23.5±7.7)d]。体外实验中TCDD明显提升CD4+CD25+Foxp3+调节性T细胞比例[TCDD组(15.3±2.6)%;PBS组(4.7±2.4)%,P<0.01)],而受者体内脾脏和移植物内Treg细胞比例相比对照组也明显升高(P<0.05)。同时,TCDD明显提升了受者体内白介素-10的表达水平。结论:术前单次给予TCDD激活AHR可以明显抑制小鼠同种心脏移植物急性排斥反应,其机制可能与扩增Treg亚群有关。     

小鼠galectin-9可通过分泌形式诱导Tim-3~-T细胞凋亡

目的 构建小鼠galectin-9重组腺病毒pAd-gal-9,探讨galectin-9的真核表达定位以及galectin-9诱导T细胞凋亡与Tim-3表达的关系.方法 常规分子克隆方法 结合LR反应构建腺病毒重组质粒pAd/CMV/V5-DEST-gal-9,以Pac I线性化后,用脂质体2000体外转染293A细胞,8 d后反复冻融细胞3次收集含病毒上清,并以此上清感染293A细胞大量扩增病毒pAd-gal-9.CsCI密度梯度离心法纯化病毒,96孔板法梯度感染293A细胞测定病毒滴度,然后感染CHO细胞,用免疫组化、Western blot和流式细胞仪分析galectin-9的表达水平和定位;以新鲜培养的上清或固相化的细胞分别与外周淋巴结细胞进行培养,AnnexinV/PI法检测T细胞凋亡情况,对比凋亡细胞比例与Tim-3~+ T细胞的比例.结果 重组腺病毒构建及表达成功,免疫组化表明galectin-9在CHO胞质表达;Westernblot证实galectin-9表达;流式分析表明胞内染色组galectin-9平均荧光强度显著高于表面染色组,病毒感染CHO表面染色组与空白对照组galectin-9平均荧光强度无明显区别;新鲜培养的上清可以明显诱导T细胞发生凋亡,显著高于Tim-3~+ T细胞的比例.结论 重组腺病毒pAd-gal-9构建成功,体外感染pad-gal-9的CHO分泌galectin-9诱导T细胞凋亡可以不依赖Tim-3的表达.     

CD8+CD28-NRP-1+ T细胞在肾移植手术后患者外周血中的比例变化及意义

用流式细胞仪分别检测不同功能状态下肾移植术后患者体内的CD8+CD28-NRP-1+ Ts细胞和CD8+CD28- Foxp3+ Ts细胞,通过比较两类细胞的阳性表达率初步探讨它们之间的表达关系和意义.选取正常健康人10例,移植肾功能稳定的长期存活者24例,慢性移植物肾病者20例,急性排斥者15例,取受试者外周静脉血,分离单个核细胞,利用流式细胞仪检测CD8+CD28-NRP-1+ Ts细胞和CD8+CD28- Foxp3+ Ts细胞在CD8+CD28-T细胞群中的比例.结果表明组间比较得出,CD8+CD28-NRP-1+ Ts细胞和CD8+CD28-Foxp3+ Ts细胞比例在四组之间均有统计学差异(P＜0.05).其中在长期存活组表达量最高,其CD8+CD28-NRP-1+ Ts细胞和CD8+CD28- Foxp3+ Ts的比例分别为16.15%±1.49%和11.90%±2.73%,其次为正常健康人(13.83%±2.38%、9.44%±2.03%),然后为慢性移植物肾病组(8.03%±2.67%、5.26%±0.65%),而急排组最低(3.34%±1.73%、2.36%±1.14%),并且四组间这两种细胞呈同一变化趋势且前者的变化幅度大于后者.组内比较显示,CD8+CD28-NRP-1+ Ts细胞比例均高于CD8+CD28- Foxp3+ Ts细胞(P＜0.05).CD8+CD28-NRP-1+ Ts细胞可以从整体水平上反映肾移植术后患者的免疫状态,它比CD8+CD28- Foxp3+ Ts细胞更能全面的反映术后患者的预后情况.     

Characterization of acute renal allograft rejection by human serum proteomic analysis

To identify acute renal allograft rejection biomarkers in human serum, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis （2-D DIGE） and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography （RP-HPLC） followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （ESI-MS） were used. Serum samples from renal allograft patients and normal volunteers were divided into three groups： acute rejec- tion （AR）, stable renal function （SRF） and normal volunteer （N）. Serum samples were firstly processed using Multiple Affinity Removal Column to selectively remove the highest abundance proteins. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using 2-D DIGE. These differential protein spots were excised, digested by trypsin, and identified by RP-HPLC-ESI/MS. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins were identified in serum from AR group. These proteins included complement C9 precursor, apolipoprotein A-IV precursor, vitamin D-binding protein precursor, beta-2-glycoprotein 1 precursor, etc. Vitamin D-binding protein, one of these proteins, was confirmed by ELISA in the independent set of serum samples. In conclusion, the differentially expressed proteins as serum biomarker candidates may provide the basis of acute rejection noninvasive diagnosis. Confirmed vitamin D-binding protein may be one of serum biomarkers of acute rejection. Furthermore, it may provide great insights into understanding the mechanisms and potential treatment strategy of acute rejection.