踝臂指数诊断下肢动脉疾病的敏感性和特异性

目的 通过与数字减影血管造影(DSA)的对比,评价踝臂指数(ABI)诊断下肢动脉疾病的敏感性和特异性;研究ABI在人群筛检时的诊断界值. 方法 连续选取在上海同济大学和中国医科大学两所附属医院心内科住院患者383例,其中男性245例,女性138例,所有患者均接受DSA检查及ABI的测量.采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析曲线下面积和敏感性、特异性及似然比. 结果 在以DSA显示下肢动脉狭窄≥50%为诊断下肢动脉疾病的金标准时.ABI等于0.95诊断下肢动脉疾病的敏感性为93.0%,特异性为85.0%,阳性似然比为8.81,阴性似然比为0.23.ROC曲线F面积为0.953(95%CI为0.920～0.985). 结论 ABI可以代替DSA识别下肢动脉疾病的患者.在我国人群中,可以考虑用ABI等于0.95作为筛检下肢动脉疾病的诊断界点.     

踝臂指数与外周血管狭窄的相关研究

目的 与数字减影血管造影术(DSA)对比,评价踝臂指数(ABI)诊断外周动脉疾病的可靠性.方法 连续选取在同济大学及中国医科大学两所附属医院心内科入院患者383例(男性245例,女性138例),所有患者都接受DSA检查及ABI的测量.结果 研究对象中,他汀类药物干预率为90.9%、ACEI类为69.2%,抗血小板药为96.6%,B受体拮抗剂为67.9%.根据DSA将动脉狭窄分为正常、轻度狭窄(腔内狭窄<30%)、中度狭窄(腔内狭窄30%～49%)、次重度狭窄(腔内狭窄50%～69%)、重度狭窄(腔内狭窄70%～89%)和完全闭塞(腔内狭窄≥90%)六个等级.与诊断外周动脉疾病的金标准DSA相比,随着下肢动脉狭窄程度加重,ABI值逐渐降低(ABI值分别为1.08±0.11,1.05±0.16,0.99±0.17,0.66±0.24,0.55±0.28和0.54±0.00).结论 ABI诊断外周动脉疾病与DSA比较有良好的相关性.     

早孕终止妊娠妇女焦虑抑郁情绪现患率和相关危险因素分析

目的 了解早孕终止妊娠妇女焦虑、抑郁情绪现患率以及相关危险因素,为进一步前瞻性研究和干预提供依据.方法 于2007年5月18日-7月20日期间连续入选同济大学三所附属医院妇产科符合纳入标准的348名孕早期妇女,采用流行病学调查表及综合医院焦虑抑郁情绪量表(HAD量表)实施问卷调查.结果 该人群焦虑抑郁症状现患率为21.8%;经趋势卡方检验发现,低年龄组,焦虑抑郁率显著升高(P<0.05);无痛人流组焦虑抑郁率较药物流产组和普通人流组低(P<0.05);同时有妇科疾病史的相对危险度为1.928(95%CI:1.024～3.630).结论 早孕终止妊娠期妇女焦虑抑郁症状现患率较高,应加强该人群性健康及孕健康教育;尤其是针对年龄偏小的早孕人群和有妇科疾病史的人群需给以必要的卫生干预措施.     

高频超声对手骨关节炎患者骨赘评估的临床价值

目的:总结手OA患者双手骨赘的好发部位,分析骨赘严重程度与临床因素的相关性。方法:选取明确诊断的手OA患者104例,根据病程分为3组:<1年组,1~5年组,>5年组。应用高频超声对手OA患者的第一腕掌关节(CMC1)、掌指关节(MCP)、近端指间关节(PIP)、远端指间关节(DIP)进行探查,记录骨赘部位并进行半定量分级(OSGS),同时记录入组者年龄、病程、ESR、CRP,填写视觉模拟评分(VAS)和澳大利亚/加拿大手骨关节炎指数(AUSCAN)疼痛量表,比较不同病程组的各项指标,统计骨赘好发部位及发生率,分析骨赘与临床因素的相关性。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,Kruskal-Wallis检验,χ^2检验以及Spearman相关性分析进行统计分析。结果:①共检查双手3120个关节,骨赘占33.56%(1047/3120)。不同病程组OSGS和AUSCAN差异有统计学意义(H=13.485,P<0.01;H=51.491,P<0.01),VAS、ESR、CRP差异无统计学意义(H=5.808,P=0.055;H=2.878,P=0.237;H=2.319,P=0.314)。②双手不同关节区中,PIP所占比重最大(46.54%,484/1040),其次为DIP(46.51%,387/832)、CMC1(30.77%,64/208),MCP所占比重最小(10.77%,112/1040),不同关节区骨赘发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=384.194,P<0.01)。③双手指间关节区中,骨赘构成比最大的分别是MCP3(46.43%,52/112)、PIP3(30.58%,148/484)和DIP2(31.01%,120/387)。④OSGS与年龄、病程、VAS、AUSCAN评分呈正相关(r=0.370,P<0.01;r=0.382,P<0.01;r=0.215,P=0.029;r=0.390,P<0.01),与ESR、CRP无相关性(r=0.173,P=0.079;r=0.162,P=0.101)。结论:手OA骨赘多见于PIP,其次为DIP,高频超声对骨赘的探查有助于手OA诊断和评估疾病严重程度。     

顽固恶寒证治验

王××,30岁,医生。1989-6-3初诊。该患者有慢性胆囊炎病史。1987年因抢救病人劳累过度,突然昏倒,高热恶寒出汗,连续五天,热退后恶寒始终不愈,并且逐渐加重,以背心和下肢为最甚。室温18℃需穿棉衣,盖棉被仍觉怕冷,嗜睡,大便溏薄,脘闷神疲,舌苔白腻而厚,脉象弦滑。曾在××医院住院中西医结合治疗。服中药一百多剂,未见明显效果,前医用苓桂术甘汤加味,补中益气汤加芳香化湿药,用真武汤出     

孕产期焦虑抑郁对妊娠、分娩及新生儿的影响

孕产期是女性身体和心理最易受伤害的特殊阶段.女性怀孕及分娩前后体内激素水平变化较大,这些变化通过下丘脑直接影响心理状态.孕产妇的心理变化程度还与其文化程度、家庭环境、经济条件、人际关系、心理承受能力有着重要联系.因此,孕产妇心理现象的产生是孕产妇在这一时期生物性过程的反映,也是生理、社会、心理因素相互影响的结果.孕产妇最常见的心理障碍包括焦虑和抑郁,孕产期伴有焦虑、抑郁等情绪异常容易引起多种妊娠事件、分娩事件及新生儿事件,包括产后抑郁、增加剖宫产概率、内分泌紊乱、失眠、厌食、早产、新生儿低Apgar评分、新生儿发育迟缓、新生儿低出生体重、儿童神经系统发育障碍及性格改变,严重者可引起精神分裂、致残、杀婴等不良事件,不利于母胎及新生儿的健康[1-2].因此,查阅国内外相关荟萃研究和循证医学证据,综述孕产妇焦虑抑郁与子代不良事件的关系及其影响因素.     

系统性红斑狼疮诊断与治疗

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是由自身免疫介导的,以血清中出现多种自身抗体为特征的自身免疫性疾病。 其发病机制复杂,可累及多系统多器官,临床表现多样,病程迁延反复,病因至今尚未完全明确。近年来,随着对SLE 认识的逐步深入,国内外对该疾病的诊断和治疗水平都在不断完善和提高,SLE患者的预后显著改善。本文对SLE 的诊断及治疗进展进行综述,旨在提高对SLE疾病监测、管理水平及改善预后。     

老年冠心病患者血压、血糖及血脂达标率的现况调查

Objective To investigate the current status of treatment goals for blood pressure, serum lipids and blood glucose in the elderly patients (＞65 years old) with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China and to identify their associated factors. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, the CHD subjects aged ＞65 years old were recruited from 66 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Xinjiang from June 2006 to January 2007. Results A total of 2420 participants, including 1441 males and 979 females. Their mean age was (73 ± 6) years. The targeted blood pressure was systolic blood pressure ＜ 130 mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure ＜80 mm Hg. And the success rate was 24.8% (559/2420). The blood pressure achievement rate among the females was 21.8%(213/979). And it was lower than 26. 8% (386/1441 ) among the males (P ＜0.01). The serum lipids goal of achievement was LDL-C ( low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) ＜ 2.6 mmol/L for the high-risk patients and LDL-C ＜ 2.07 mmol/L especially for the super-high-risk patients. The success rate for achieving the target LDL-C level was 36. 5% (884 cases). The LDL-C achievement rate among the females was 28. 7% (281 cases). And it was obviously lower than 41. 8% (603 cases) among the males (P ＜0.01). The success rate for achieving the target LDL-C level increased with aging ( P ＜ 0. 05). The blood glucose goal of achievement was FPG ( fasting plasma glucose) ＞ 4.4 mmol/L and FPG ＜ 6. 1 mmol/L The success rate for achieving the target blood glucose level was 61. 0% (1476/2420). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors of achieving the blood pressure target for the elderly CHD patients were female, history of hypertension, diuretics and nifedipine. The odds ratio (OR) of these risk factors were 1. 245 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1. 016 - 1. 527], 2. 889 (95% CI: 2. 319 -3. 599),0.689 (95% CI: 0.538 -0.883), 0.405 (95%CI: 0. 170-0.964) respectively. The independent risk factors of achieving the serum lipids target for the elderly CHD patients were female, the duration of hypertension of 10 -20 years, the duration of hypertension of 20 -30 years, diabetic history or dyslipidemia and therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC). The OR of these risk factors were 1.750 (95% CI: 1. 252 -2.445), 3.988 (95%CI: 1.951 -8.152), 2.158 (95%CI: 1.075-4.333), 3.026 (95%CI: 1.986-4.610), 2.166 (95% CI: 1.549 -3.030) and 0.493 (95%CI: 0.302 -0.805) respectively. The independent risk factors of achieving the blood glucose target for the elderly CHD patients were diabetic history, TLC, diuretics, calcium channel blocker ( CCB) and hypoglycemic drugs. The OR of these risk factors were 3. 191 (95% CI: 2. 259 - 4. 507), 0. 690 (95% CI: 0. 528 - 0. 902 ) , 1. 507 (95% CI:1.150-1.975), 0.718 (95%CI: 0.579 -0.890) and 0.477 (95%CI: 0.235 -0.969) respectively.Conclusion In the present survey, the achievement rates of blood pressure, serum lipids and blood glucose are low in the elderly CHD patients, especially in females. There has been a huge gap between the treatment guidelines and clinical practices in China. We should carry out different strategies according to different conditions to enhance the health and life quality for the elderly CHD patients.     

老年冠心病患者血压、血糖及血脂达标率的现况调查

Objective To investigate the current status of treatment goals for blood pressure, serum lipids and blood glucose in the elderly patients (＞65 years old) with coronary heart disease (CHD) in China and to identify their associated factors. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, the CHD subjects aged ＞65 years old were recruited from 66 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Xinjiang from June 2006 to January 2007. Results A total of 2420 participants, including 1441 males and 979 females. Their mean age was (73 ± 6) years. The targeted blood pressure was systolic blood pressure ＜ 130 mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) and diastolic blood pressure ＜80 mm Hg. And the success rate was 24.8% (559/2420). The blood pressure achievement rate among the females was 21.8%(213/979). And it was lower than 26. 8% (386/1441 ) among the males (P ＜0.01). The serum lipids goal of achievement was LDL-C ( low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) ＜ 2.6 mmol/L for the high-risk patients and LDL-C ＜ 2.07 mmol/L especially for the super-high-risk patients. The success rate for achieving the target LDL-C level was 36. 5% (884 cases). The LDL-C achievement rate among the females was 28. 7% (281 cases). And it was obviously lower than 41. 8% (603 cases) among the males (P ＜0.01). The success rate for achieving the target LDL-C level increased with aging ( P ＜ 0. 05). The blood glucose goal of achievement was FPG ( fasting plasma glucose) ＞ 4.4 mmol/L and FPG ＜ 6. 1 mmol/L The success rate for achieving the target blood glucose level was 61. 0% (1476/2420). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the independent risk factors of achieving the blood pressure target for the elderly CHD patients were female, history of hypertension, diuretics and nifedipine. The odds ratio (OR) of these risk factors were 1. 245 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1. 016 - 1. 527], 2. 889 (95% CI: 2. 319 -3. 599),0.689 (95% CI: 0.538 -0.883), 0.405 (95%CI: 0. 170-0.964) respectively. The independent risk factors of achieving the serum lipids target for the elderly CHD patients were female, the duration of hypertension of 10 -20 years, the duration of hypertension of 20 -30 years, diabetic history or dyslipidemia and therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC). The OR of these risk factors were 1.750 (95% CI: 1. 252 -2.445), 3.988 (95%CI: 1.951 -8.152), 2.158 (95%CI: 1.075-4.333), 3.026 (95%CI: 1.986-4.610), 2.166 (95% CI: 1.549 -3.030) and 0.493 (95%CI: 0.302 -0.805) respectively. The independent risk factors of achieving the blood glucose target for the elderly CHD patients were diabetic history, TLC, diuretics, calcium channel blocker ( CCB) and hypoglycemic drugs. The OR of these risk factors were 3. 191 (95% CI: 2. 259 - 4. 507), 0. 690 (95% CI: 0. 528 - 0. 902 ) , 1. 507 (95% CI:1.150-1.975), 0.718 (95%CI: 0.579 -0.890) and 0.477 (95%CI: 0.235 -0.969) respectively.Conclusion In the present survey, the achievement rates of blood pressure, serum lipids and blood glucose are low in the elderly CHD patients, especially in females. There has been a huge gap between the treatment guidelines and clinical practices in China. We should carry out different strategies according to different conditions to enhance the health and life quality for the elderly CHD patients.