A potential endemic strain in China: NADC34‑like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes an economically important disease affecting commercial pork production worldwide. NADC34‐like PRRSV has had a strong impact on the U.S. and Peruvian pig industries in recent years and also emerged in northeastern China in 2017. However, the endemic status of NADC34‐like PRRSV in China is unclear. In this study, we examined 650 tissue samples collected from 16 Provinces in China from 2018 to 2019. Six NADC34‐like PRRSV strains were detected in samples from three Provinces, and the complete genomes of four of these strains were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these novel PRRSV strains belong to sublineage 1.5 (or NADC34‐like PRRSV), forming two groups in China. Sequence alignment suggested that these novel strains share the same 100‐aa deletion in the Nsp2 protein that was identified in IA/2014/NADC34 isolated from the United States in 2014. Recombination analysis revealed that five of eight complete genome sequences are derived from recombination between IA/2014/NADC34 and ISU30 or NADC30. The number and distribution of NADC34‐like PRRSVs is increasing in China. Importantly, compared with the currently endemic strain NADC30‐like PRRSV, NADC34‐like PRRSV has the potential to be an endemic strain in China. This study will help us understand the epidemic status of NADC34‐like PRRSV in China and provide data for further monitoring this type of PRRSV in China.     

The role of TNF alpha polymorphism and expression in susceptibility to nasal polyposis

Objective: In this study, we first performed a meta-analysis to assess the role of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) gene and TNF alpha expression in the risk of nasal polyposis.

Methods: STATA 12.0 software was utilized to conduct the Mantel–Haenszel statistics, Cohen statistics, Begg’s test, Egger’s tests and sensitivity analysis.

Results: We systemically carried out the database retrieval and initially identified 486 articles. After screening, 15 articles were included in our meta-analysis. For TNF alpha rs1800629 G/A SNP, compared with control group, an increased risk of nasal polyposis of case group was observed in the models of A vs. G [p (P value of association) = 0.009, OR (odds ratio) = 1.35], GA vs. GG (p = 0.001, OR = 1.69), GA+AA vs. GG (p = 0.010, OR = 1.47). The similar results were observed in Caucasian subgroup (p < 0.05, OR > 1). For TNF alpha rs361525 G/A SNP, no significant difference between control and case group was detected (all p > 0.05). In addition, a significant difference exists between case and control groups in the meta-analyses of TNF alpha expression in nasal mucosal cells, secreted TNF alpha (p < 0.05, OR > 1), but not serum TNF alpha (p = 0.090).

Conclusion: The present meta-analysis revealed that TNF alpha rs1800629, increased TNF alpha expression and secretion of nasal mucosal cells were associated with an increased risk of nasal polyposis.     

妇科腹腔镜术后非切口疼痛护理措施的改进

目的提高妇科腹腔镜术后非切口疼痛护理效果。方法将120例妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为对照组和观察组各60例,对照组给予常规围术期护理,观察组行改进后护理干预。结果观察组非切口疼痛发生率显著低于对照组,非切口疼痛强度显著轻于对照组,持续时间显著短于对照组(均P<0.01)。结论采用改进的护理干预措施可减轻妇科腹腔镜术后患者非切口疼痛。     

以团队为基础的教学模式在急重症护理教学中的应用

目的探讨以团队为基础的教学模式在急重症护理教学中的应用效果。方法选取102名高职护生,随机分为观察组(52名)和对照组(50名)。观察组采用以团队为基础的教学模式教学,对照组采用传统教学模式,教学结束后进行综合理论及实践技能考核,并对两组护生的评判性思维能力及自主学习能力进行问卷调查。结果观察组理论考核成绩、实践技能考核成绩、自主学习能力、评判性思维能力显著优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论以团队为基础的教学模式可提高护生的自主学习能力及评判性思维能力。     

Molecular mechanisms of human thyrocyte dysfunction induced by low concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl 118 through the Akt/FoxO3a/NIS pathway

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are typical persistent organic pollutants that can interfere with multiple organ systems of humans. Previously, we concluded that persistent exposure to low doses of PCB118 could severely damage the thyroidal structure, dramatically decrease the concentration of serum thyroid hormones and inhibit the pivotal gene expressions such as sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and thyroglobulin (Tg). To explore the molecular mechanisms of thyrocyte dysfunction induced by 2,3′,4,4′,5‐pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118), monolayer cultured human thyroid epithelial cells (HTECs) were treated with PCB118 or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control. Our results indicated that relatively higher concentrations of PCB118 could induce a loss in the viability of HTEC. In cultures with concentrations of PCB118 from 0.025 to 25 nM, which did not affect cell viability or apoptosis, concentrations of Tg and thyroxine (T₄) were significantly decreased compared with those in the controls. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of Akt were increased significantly in the PCB118‐treated groups, whereas FoxO3a expression did not show particular variation. Furthermore, exposure to PCB118 was associated with a significant increase of the protein levels of p‐Akt and p‐FoxO3a, and these effects were blocked by LY294002. In contrast, mRNA and protein expression levels of NIS were decreased significantly, and this effect was blocked by LY294002. Unlike control cells, a cytoplasmic shift of FoxO3a was observed in the PCB118‐treated group. Our research suggests that PCB118 may induce thyrocyte dysfunction through the Akt/FoxO3a/NIS signalling pathway, which provides potential new insights for finding interventions to counteract the damage to the human body caused by PCBs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

图像引导自适应放疗在肺癌治疗中剂量学研究

收集6例肺癌患者,在放疗过程中每完成10次分次治疗后,重新扫描、设计计划,并将新计划应用于下一阶段治疗。经过3个阶段放疗后,肿瘤体积缩减(65．59±17．09)%。3种计划中肿瘤靶区的剂量差异无统计学意义。自适应放疗计划(ART)与调强放疗(IMRT)相比,全肺V20、V30、肺平均剂量( MLD )分别减少2．01%、2．66%、241．78 cGy( P =0．005、0．039、0．026);ART2同 ART1相比,全肺V20、V30、MLD 分别减少3．21%、2．97%、288．64 cGy ( P =0．005、0．013、0．046)。患侧肺V20、V30、MLD减少差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),而健侧肺指标差异无统计学意义。心脏的V50和Dmean、食管的 V55差异无统计学意义。 ART1与IMRT、ART2与 ART1相比,食管的 Dmean平均分别减少261．98 cGy ( P =0．002)、300．43 cGy ( P =0．008)。脊髓的D2%和Dmean也依次降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。     

SPACE序列定量分析交通性脑积水脑室分流前后脑脊液体积

目的 :采用MRI不同翻转角脉冲触发三维扰相自旋回波(SPACE)序列测定交通性脑积水患者颅内脑脊液体积。方法:选取30例交通性脑积水患者,男女各15例,脑室分流前及分流后分别于3.0 T MRI上采用SPACE序列形成颅内与脑室的VR影像。通过软件测量获得颅内脑脊液总体积与脑室脑脊液的体积,并计算蛛网膜下腔脑脊液的体积。结果 :交通性脑积水患者脑室-腹腔(V-P)分流前颅内脑脊液总体积、脑室及蛛网膜下腔脑脊液体积均值分别为(577.6±112.3)cm3、(213.0±53.0)cm3、(364.6±88.5)cm3,分流后分别为(444.8±80.3)cm3、(156.6±45.9)cm3、(276.6±67.4)cm3。分流前后颅内脑脊液总体积、脑室及蛛网膜下腔脑脊液体积差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。男性患者分流前后2次测量的颅内脑脊液总体积、脑室及蛛网膜下腔脑脊液体积与女性患者相比差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SPACE序列定量分析脑脊液含量可指导临床V-P术的选择,并为准确评价V-P分流术的疗效提供客观标准。     

职业性硬金属肺病二例分析

目的 通过综合分析疑似职业性硬金属肺病现场职业卫生学资料和临床资料,掌握职业性硬金属肺病的临床特征和疾病的预后,提高职业性硬金属肺病的诊疗水平.方法 以2名疑似硬金属肺病的工人为研究对象,统一要求其提供职业史、职业健康体检结果、既往就诊病历,采用实验室检查、拍摄系列普通高仟伏胸片和胸部CT、HRCT片、纤维支气管镜做病理检查、心电图检查等方法,分别由3家机构的呼吸科专家、病理科专家对胸片、CT片和病理切片进行读片,并出具诊断报告,提交至职业病诊断机构,由诊断机构组织进行现场职业卫生学调查,由3名以上职业病诊断医师共同讨论诊断,得出职业病诊断结论.结果 2例硬金属肺病患者均接触硬质金属合金粉尘,发病工龄8～9年;临床表现以干咳,活动后气喘为主,两肺呼吸音粗;影像学改变以两肺弥漫性结节状影、网状阴影和毛玻璃样改变为主;病理表现为特征性的巨细胞间质性肺炎改变,疾病治疗的预后和转归不一.结论 根据确切的职业接触史及临床表现,结合X线胸片、CT片检查结果和病理学特征性改变,可以确诊职业性硬金属肺病.     

免疫印迹法测定Tp47蛋白与梅毒患者血清的免疫反应性

目的克隆Tp47基因、构建原核表达载体、表达并纯化Tp47蛋白,通过免疫印迹法(Western-Blot)检测其免疫反应活性。方法聚合酶链反应扩增Tp47基因,将Tp47克隆至pGEX-6P-1载体,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6P1-Tp47,经测序鉴定正确后,转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3),经诱导表达后,用亲和层析方法纯化重组蛋白,鉴定正确后采用Western-Blot检测重组蛋白与梅毒阴性、阳性血清的免疫反应性。结果成功构建pGEX-6P1-Tp47原核表达质粒,表达、纯化后获得了相对分子质量约为71×103的重组蛋白;Western-Blot检测显示其能与梅毒阳性患者血清发生特异性反应,而与梅毒阴性患者血清无交叉反应性。结论成功克隆、表达、纯化Tp47重组蛋白,其与临床各期梅毒患者血清具有较好的免疫反应性,为Tp47重组蛋白用于梅毒早期诊断提供了理论依据。     

Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based tissue metabolomic analysis clarifies molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and the progression of gastric carcinogenesis (GCG) covers multiple complicated pathological stages. Molecular mechanisms of GCG are still unclear. Here, we undertook NMR‐based metabolomic analysis of aqueous metabolites extracted from gastric tissues in an established rat model of GCG. We showed that the metabolic profiles were clearly distinguished among 5 histologically classified groups: control, gastritis, low‐grade gastric dysplasia, high‐grade gastric dysplasia (HGD), and GC. Furthermore, we carried out metabolic pathway analysis based on identified significant metabolites and revealed significantly disturbed metabolic pathways closely associated with the 4 pathological stages, including oxidation stress, choline phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, Krebs cycle, and glycolysis. Three metabolic pathways were continually disturbed during the progression of GCG, including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glutamine and glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Both the Krebs cycle and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were profoundly impaired in both the HGD and GC stages, potentially due to abnormal energy supply for tumor cell proliferation and growth. Furthermore, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and glycolysis were significantly disturbed in the GC stage for higher energy requirement of the rapid growth of tumor cells. Additionally, we identified potential gastric tissue biomarkers for metabolically discriminating the 4 pathological stages, which also showed good discriminant capabilities for their serum counterparts. This work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of GCG and is of benefit to the exploration of potential biomarkers for clinically diagnosing and monitoring the progression of GCG.