中医肿瘤领域症状评价现状、问题及对策

中医药在改善肿瘤复杂临床症状方面具有独特优势,但症状评价方法的不足严重制约了中医药发挥其优势.本研究在总结现有症状学评价方法的基础上,认为中医肿瘤领域症状评价主要存在以下问题:症状选择缺乏统一标准;症状评价缺乏具体实施规范;多症状量化方法缺乏科学依据;不同治疗阶段缺乏特异性量表;潜在症状指标难以走向临床应用等.针对上述问题,提出建立中医肿瘤症状评价标准与实施规范;深入探索症状群量化方法;重视中医PRO量表的后续考评及验证工作;开发阶段特异性症状量表;挖掘新的症状评价方法等,以期建立兼具科学性和中医诊疗特色的中医肿瘤症状学评价体系.     

3.0T磁共振钆延迟强化技术评价小型猪慢性阻塞性肺病模型心肌纤维化的实验研究

目的利用3.0 T心脏磁共振(cardiovascular magnetic resonance,CMR)钆延迟强化(late gadolinium enhancement,LGE)技术评估巴马小型猪慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)模型左心室(left ventricle,LV)心肌纤维化,为评估COPD心肌组织学损伤提供影像学依据.材料与方法选用20头健康巴马小型猪,随机分成COPD模型组(16头,蛋白酶制备COPD模型)及正常对照组(4头).分别于造模前及造模不同阶段(4周、8周及20周)行多模态CMR扫描.对比各组小型猪之间常规心脏参数的差异;分析各组LV心肌LGE发生率、分布及类型.结果模型组共有14头小型猪COPD模型构建成功.造模早期及中期(4周、8周)模型组与对照组的基线资料差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而造模后期(20周)呼吸频率及心率均明显加快(P分别为0.003、0.002);体质量降低(P=0.007).造模早、中期各组小型猪心功能参数之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与造模前及对照组比较,造模后期右心室前壁(right ventricular anterior wall,RVAW)(P均<0.001)均有所增厚,右心室舒张末横径(right ventricular end diastolic diameter,RVDd)(P<0.001)及左心室后壁(left ventricular posterior wall,LVPW)(P=0.018)较造模前有所增厚,左心室舒张末横径(left ventricular end diastolic diameter,LVDd)(P=0.05)及左心室舒张末容积(left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVEDV)(P=0.005)较造模前有所减低.右心室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction,RVEF)较造模前及对照组均降低(P<0.001及为0.001);左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05).造模后模型组有5头小型猪共23个心肌节段(23/85)发生LGE,与对照组及造模前比较均出现显著差异(P均<0.01).LGE主要位于左室基底部及中间部,其分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且LGE以肌壁间型最为多见.结论COPD早期即可出现RVEF降低,但仍在正常范围内;少部分LV心肌可出现心肌纤维化,但LVEF未见明确改变.基于CMR的LGE技术可为COPD患者早期干预、诊疗计划的制定以及预后的评估提供影像学依据.     

2型糖尿病患者基础胰岛素剂量自我调整方案的随访管理

目的评价2型糖尿病患者基础胰岛素剂量自我调整方案的随访管理效果。方法将849例2型糖尿病患者按住院时间分为对照组(423例)和观察组(426例)。对照组采用由医生门诊调整胰岛素剂量的常规方案,观察组由糖尿病专科护士依据医生制定的血糖调整方案卡对患者自我调整胰岛素剂量进行全程随访管理。干预12周后比较两组血糖指标、糖尿病知识水平、授权能力、自我管理能力。结果观察组血糖控制水平显著优于对照组(P0.05),两组低血糖发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组糖尿病知识水平、授权能力、自我管理能力显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论糖尿病专科护士对患者自我调整基础胰岛素剂量进行全程随访管理在血糖控制方面安全有效,且能提高患者自我管理能力和授权能力。     

ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition

ATP6L, the C subunit of the V‐ATPase V0 domain, is involved in regulating the acidic tumor micro‐environment and may promote tumor progression. However, the expression and functional role of ATP6L in tumors have not yet been well explored. In this study, we found that ATP6L protein overexpression was related to colorectal cancer histological differentiation (P < 0.001), presence of metastasis (P < 0.001) and recurrence (P = 0.02). ATP6L expression in the liver metastatic foci was higher than in the primary foci (P = 0.04). ATP6L expression was notably concomitant with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) immunohistochemical features, such as reduced expression of the epithelial marker E‐cadherin (P = 0.021) and increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin (P = 0.004). Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ATP6L expression could alter cell morphology, regulate EMT‐associated protein expression, and enhance migration and invasion. The effect of ATP6L on metastasis was further demonstrated in a tail vein injection mice model. In addition, the mouse xenograft model showed that ATP6L‐overexpressing HCT116 cells grew into larger tumor masses, showed less necrosis and formed more micro‐vessels than the control cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing EMT and angiogenesis, and is a potential target for tumor therapy.     

南北柴胡HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱的研究

目的:采用HPLC-ELSD法分别建立南、北柴胡的指纹图谱,并进行真伪鉴别。方法:样品的甲醇提取液采用TOSOH TSKgel ODS-100V C18(4.6mm×15cm,5μm)色谱柱分析,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速:1.0 mL/min柱温:25℃,检测器为蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD)。并对结果进行相似度评价和主成分分析。结果:建立了含有11个共有峰的北柴胡HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱和含有14个共有峰的南柴胡HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱。伪品的相似度低,可以通过指纹图谱进行真伪鉴别。结论:该方法能快速可靠的鉴别和区分南、北柴胡,可以用于柴胡的质量控制。     

肿瘤合并感染新冠肺炎患者临床分析及疫情期间肿瘤患者的管理建议

目的:探讨分析肿瘤合并新冠病毒感染患者情况并提出自己的思考与建议。方法:通过统计2020年1月至2020年3月期间纳入的313名本院肿瘤科在新冠疫情期间肿瘤合并感染新冠肺炎患者情况，汇总临床资料，分析患者肺部影像学特点，总结肿瘤合并新冠肺炎病毒感染患者临床特征、预后及转归等，并提出自己建议。结果:科室总共313名患者住院，5名新冠感染患者，新冠病毒肺炎发生率为1.6%，这比之前所报道的武汉市新冠病毒普通人群发生率0.37%要高接近3倍，肿瘤合并新冠患者死亡率接近20%。结论:对于疫情结束初期病房应尽量减少患者非必要往返医院次数，实行肿瘤患者分层管理，加强轻症患者随访，线上管理等；而对于住院患者，则采取缓冲分诊模式，做好病房消毒隔离以及管理，避免感染，减少肿瘤病房新型冠状病毒爆发概率。     

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism with the pre-eclampsia risk in Hakka pregnant women in Southern China

Abstract

The aim of this study is to clarify the possible association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and pre-eclampsia in Hakka pregnant women in southern China. Pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women were consecutively collected and MTHFR C677T genotypes were determined by the DNA sequencing method. One hundred and thirteen pre-eclampsia patients were CC homozygote (113 of 191, 59.2%), 68 of 191 (35.6%) were CT heterozygote, and 10 of 191 (5.2%) were TT homozygote, with the frequency of the T allele equal to 0.77. This is in comparison with the normal control group where 106 of 202 (52.5%) were CC homozygote, 83 of 202 (41.1%) were CT heterozygote, and 13 of 202 (6.4%) were TT homozygote, with the frequency of the T allele equal to 0.27. No statistically significant differences were observed in genotype or allele frequencies between the pre-eclampsia and normal control for the C677T polymorphism of MTHFR gene (p?>?.05). The findings of this study suggest that polymorphisms of MTHFR C677T genes were not associated with pre-eclampsia in Hakka pregnant women from southern China, but additional studies are necessary to explore the mechanisms involving it.     

香草乙酮在细胞水平对NOX-ROS-P38信号传导通路的影响

[目的]探讨香草乙酮在细胞水平对NOX-ROS-P38信号传导通路的影响。[方法]采用鲁米诺化学发光法检测THP-1细胞中ROS的生成,用Real time PCR检测p-P38及NOX_2的表达。[结果]过表达NOX_2时,与对照组相比,经香草乙酮培养组ROS和p-P38的表达均减少(P<0.01,P<0.05)。经香草乙酮培养后,NOX_2基因不敲除组的ROS及p-P38的表达较基因敲除组的减少(P<0.01,P<0.05)。与对照组相比,阻断ROS的生成,p-P38表达明显减少(P<0.01),刺激ROS后,p-P38的表达明显增加(P<0.01)。[结论]NOX在ROS及P38的上游,P38在ROS的下游。香草乙酮可能通过抑制NOX_2的活性或抑制NOX_2促进ROS的生成过程来抑制ROS的生成,进而抑制P38 MAPK磷酸化。     

化瘀通痹方对活动期类风湿关节炎疗效及血清内TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP变化的研究

目的分析化瘀通痹方对活动期类风湿关节炎患者的疗效及患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的变化情况。方法选取2016年8月-2018年8月收治的活动期类风湿关节炎患者104例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组(西医常规治疗)和观察组(西医常规治疗基础上联合化瘀通痹方治疗),分析两组患者治疗后的临床疗效。结果观察组总有效率为92.31%(48/52),对照组为76.92%(40/52),观察组患者总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前症状、体征情况组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后晨僵持续时间短于对照组,关节压痛和关节肿胀积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、葡萄糖6磷酸异构酶(GPI)、类风湿因子(RF)、血肿瘤坏死因子样配体1A(TL1A)水平组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、GPI、RF、TL1A水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前28处关节疾病活动度(DAS28)积分组间比较,差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后DAS28积分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论化瘀通痹方治疗活动期类风湿关节炎可改善患者临床症状,降低患者TNF-α、IL-1β、CRP、GPI的表达水平,提高疗效。