食管造影及温度监测指导环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

Objective Because of the severe consequences of an atrial esophageal fistula,it is vital to avoid this complication. The most safe way is to avoid ablating the segment of esophagus behind left atrium (LA). What we do is to image the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and real-time esophageal tem-perature monitoring to ablate the posterior LA wall. Methods Sixty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion (PAF) were enrolled to pulmonary veins (PV) isolation. Swallowing a radiocontrast agent at the same time when imaging of LA to observe the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and according to the different relationship between the segment of esophagus behind LA and PV, the esophagus were divided into type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. A esophageal temperature probe was inserted and advanced into the esophagus directly posterior to the LA. Three steps ablation strategy and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring were applied to guide the PV isolation. The procedure was interrupted when the esophageal temperature was 39℃ until] the tempera-ture renormalized and ended when PV were isolated. Results There were 48 type ⅠI , 11 type Ⅱ and 5 type Ⅲ esophagus in the 64 patients. After three steps ablation,all PV isolations were completed. Only 18.8% of the patients needed to ablate the posterior LA close to the esophagus. Conclusion Only one PV ostiolum close to the posterior LA wall in most PAF patients and many of them can achieve complete PV isolation without ablating the posterior LA close to esophagus which could minimize the risk of esophageal injury dramatically.     

食管造影及温度监测指导环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

Objective Because of the severe consequences of an atrial esophageal fistula,it is vital to avoid this complication. The most safe way is to avoid ablating the segment of esophagus behind left atrium (LA). What we do is to image the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and real-time esophageal tem-perature monitoring to ablate the posterior LA wall. Methods Sixty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion (PAF) were enrolled to pulmonary veins (PV) isolation. Swallowing a radiocontrast agent at the same time when imaging of LA to observe the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and according to the different relationship between the segment of esophagus behind LA and PV, the esophagus were divided into type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. A esophageal temperature probe was inserted and advanced into the esophagus directly posterior to the LA. Three steps ablation strategy and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring were applied to guide the PV isolation. The procedure was interrupted when the esophageal temperature was 39℃ until] the tempera-ture renormalized and ended when PV were isolated. Results There were 48 type ⅠI , 11 type Ⅱ and 5 type Ⅲ esophagus in the 64 patients. After three steps ablation,all PV isolations were completed. Only 18.8% of the patients needed to ablate the posterior LA close to the esophagus. Conclusion Only one PV ostiolum close to the posterior LA wall in most PAF patients and many of them can achieve complete PV isolation without ablating the posterior LA close to esophagus which could minimize the risk of esophageal injury dramatically.     

92例青年急性心肌梗死临床特点分析

目的探讨青年急性心肌梗死（AMI）的临床特点,为提高其诊治水平提供依据。方法将188例AMI患者按照年龄分为青年组（年龄≤40岁）92例和老年组（年龄≥60岁）96例,分析两组临床特点。结果青年组的主要临床特点为男性所占比例高,高血压发生率低,有吸烟史、饮酒史、阳性家族史者所占比例高,其发病时多无心绞痛、胸闷等前驱症状,有典型的缺血性胸痛症状,心功能状态良好,ST段抬高常见,冠脉造影病变部位多位于左前降支,病变血管多为单支。结论临床医师应掌握青年AMI的上述临床特点,以提高诊治水平。     

永久起搏器植入常见并发症及防治措施

目的 回顾性分析710例永久起搏器植入术并发症的发生率及原因,以提高起搏器植入技术的安全性和有效性.方法 连续选择2005年1月至2010年6月在我院行永久起搏器植入术的患者710例,随访0.5 ～6年,观察并发症的发生率及原因.结果 起搏器植入常见的并发症分别是囊袋内积血及血肿（n=10,1.41％）、电极导线移位（n=8,1.25％）、起搏阈值升高（n=6,0.93％）及囊袋侵蚀（n=2,0.28％）.出血的发生与年龄偏大有关;电极导线的脱位主要是电极导线固定不良所致;囊袋侵蚀与患者体型偏瘦、囊袋制作偏小,或与原起搏器形状不相称引起皮肤受压缺血有关.结论 随着技术熟练及采取相应措施,可以减少并发症发生.     

食管造影及温度监测指导环肺静脉消融治疗心房颤动

Objective Because of the severe consequences of an atrial esophageal fistula,it is vital to avoid this complication. The most safe way is to avoid ablating the segment of esophagus behind left atrium (LA). What we do is to image the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and real-time esophageal tem-perature monitoring to ablate the posterior LA wall. Methods Sixty-four patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion (PAF) were enrolled to pulmonary veins (PV) isolation. Swallowing a radiocontrast agent at the same time when imaging of LA to observe the relationship of esophagus to posterior LA wall and according to the different relationship between the segment of esophagus behind LA and PV, the esophagus were divided into type Ⅰ , type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. A esophageal temperature probe was inserted and advanced into the esophagus directly posterior to the LA. Three steps ablation strategy and real-time esophageal temperature monitoring were applied to guide the PV isolation. The procedure was interrupted when the esophageal temperature was 39℃ until] the tempera-ture renormalized and ended when PV were isolated. Results There were 48 type ⅠI , 11 type Ⅱ and 5 type Ⅲ esophagus in the 64 patients. After three steps ablation,all PV isolations were completed. Only 18.8% of the patients needed to ablate the posterior LA close to the esophagus. Conclusion Only one PV ostiolum close to the posterior LA wall in most PAF patients and many of them can achieve complete PV isolation without ablating the posterior LA close to esophagus which could minimize the risk of esophageal injury dramatically.     

Pyr1-apelin-13对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞AMPK/mTOR自噬信号和氧化应激损伤的影响

目的探讨Pyr¹-apelin-13对于大鼠心肌成纤维细胞自噬和氧化应激的影响及其作用机制。方法提取新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(CFs),给与血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ),Pyr¹-apelin-13,雷帕霉素干预,使用Western blot法和免疫荧光技术检测自噬信号分子,使用DHE法检测氧自由基生成,观察Pyr¹-apelin-13在AMPK/mTOR通路中的作用。结果在体外培养的CFs细胞中,AngⅡ刺激通过上调P62和磷酸化mTOR抑制自噬水平,伴有LC3II、Beclin-1和磷酸化AMPK降低及氧化应激水平增高;而Pyr¹-apelin-13或雷帕霉素干预后逆转AngⅡ介导的自噬下调,表现为LC3II/I、Beclin-1和磷酸化AMPK水平上升,P62表达和磷酸化mTOR下降,细胞氧化应激损伤减轻。结论Pyr¹-apelin-13可通过调控大鼠心肌成纤维细胞AMPK/mTOR自噬信号发挥其抗氧化和促自噬的细胞保护功效。     

股动脉超声检测在临床中的应用

超声检查无创、简单易行、实时成像，直观，重复性好，已经成为外周血管疾病的首选检查方法。颈动脉超声的应用比较广泛。然而，颈动脉属于弹性动脉，而股动脉属于肌性动脉，研究表明颈动脉的血管变化可以反映全身的动脉硬化情况。目前对股动脉研究发现，股动脉血管变化更能够发现全身的动脉硬化情况，而且有研究证明股动脉粥样硬化发生要比颈动脉早。     

ACC/AHA不稳定型心绞痛和非ST段抬高心肌梗死治疗指南(2007年修订版)解读(3)

1 强调早期住院治疗及治疗策略的具体措施 1.1 策略的选择 2007年指南与2002年指南均提出急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者一旦入院,则应当开始进行标准化治疗.即除非禁忌,否则均应开始阿司匹林、β-受体阻滞剂、抗凝治疗、血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂和噻吩并吡啶类药物.但不同的是2002年指南对早期保守治疗策略和早期有创治疗策略没有严格的规定.只是提出有此2种治疗办法,不同的医师、患者有不同的倾向而已.而2007年指南给早期保守治疗策略和早期有创治疗策略进行了规定,见表1.     

低强度激光照射对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞一氧化氮生成通路的上调作用

目的 观察低强度激光照射(low power laser irradiation,LPLI)对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)左旋精氨酸(L-Arg)转运、一氧化氮(NO)生成以及NO合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性的作用,以探讨LPLI血管保护作用的细胞分子机制.方法 取Wistar大鼠主动脉,贴块法培养VSMCs,分别以能量密度0、0.9.2.7和4.5 J/cm2的He-Ne激光(波长632nm)照射,无照射组为对照组.重氮化学反应法测定培养液中NO含量,细胞孵育液中加入3H-L-Arg测定细胞L-Arg的摄入,测定3H-胍氨酸的生成反映NOS活性.结果 能量密度分别为0.9,2.7和4.5 J/cm2的LPLI照射VSMCs,促进细胞NO生成分别较对照组增加-1.3%(P＞0.05)、60.4%(P＜0.01)和78.6%(P＜0.01);细胞NOS活性分别较对照组增加16.9%(P＞0.05)、44.6%(P＜0.01)和53.0%(P＜0.01);而且细胞摄入L-Arg(Vmax值)分别较对照组增加11.0%(P＜0.05),66.7%(P＜0.01)和38.7%(P＜0.01);激光照射对L-Arg跨细胞膜转运的米氏常数(Km值)无明显影响(均P＞0.05).结论 低强度He-Ne激光照射激活大鼠VSMCs的L-Arg/NOS/NO通路,可能为低强度激光扩张血管、改善器官血流等生物学效应的机制之一.     

ACC／AHA／HRS2008年心律失常装置植入治疗指南解读（2）

2008年ACC／AHA／HRS心律失常的植入装置治疗指南，内容较以往指南变化较大。前面我们已经阐述了在窦房结功能异常起搏治疗建议、成人获得性房室传导阻滞起搏治疗建议、慢性双分支传导阻滞起搏治疗建议和急性心肌梗死房室阻滞起搏治疗建议等几方面新指南的特点。下面将就其他内容的特点进行阐述。