中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎研究概况

综述近年中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究,认为本病病因病机之核心在于脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀毒为标,病久则伤及脾肾,由实转虚。中医内治法主要以辨证论治、辨病论治或单方验方为主,外治法以中药洗浴、中药灌肠、肛门给药、针灸为主。中医药治疗本病优势明显。应继续完善对中医药作用机制的认识,制订统一的辨证论治及疗效评价标准,针对效果显著的名方开展研究。     

Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines (HMs), as a monotherapy or adjunct therapy, compared to placebo or conventional approaches in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from both conventional and alternative medicine sources. Outcome measures were overall improvement, quality of life, reduction of levodopa dose, and adverse events. Nine studies were included, each testing a different HM. Six of the trials had limited internal validity due to major flaws in design, including the lack of proper randomization; insufficient blinding; unclear inclusive criteria in terms of diagnostic criteria, baseline staging, and duration of disease; lack of proper sample size calculation; and insufficient data analysis. Imbalances in gender and ethnicity among the patients in the included trials were observed. No major adverse events emerged, and no specific pattern was detected from the trials describing such data. In addition to major methodological defects, heterogeneity in (1) HM tested, (2) control treatment, and (3) outcome measure hindered in-depth data analysis and synthesis. Current evidence is insufficient to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various HMs. Further studies with improved trial design and reporting, with assessment on cost-effectiveness, quality of life, and qualitative data are warranted.     

猫颈部食管的交感神经支配—HRP法

用5只猫于左侧颈部食管壁内注入 HRP 溶液,通过 HRP 逆行追踪法研究颈部食管的交感神经支配,结果表明:1.长轴突型交感节前神经元直接分布到食管壁内,其标记细胞位于双侧脊髓的胸1～3节段,以胸2节段最多(占标记细胞总数的66.45％),注射侧占优势。标记细胞主要位于中间带外侧核(约占95.02%),其次为侧索、中介核、前角腹后外侧核。其细胞形态不一,以中小型细胞为主(占标记细胞总数的90.4％)。2.支配颈部食管的交感节后神经元主要位于星状神经节(约占61.99％),余者位于双侧颈前、中和2～5胸交感节内、以小细胞最多。     

高血压性脑出血血肿周围脑组织细胞间粘附分子-1的表达

目的探讨急性高血压性脑出血患者细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)在血肿周围脑组织和正常脑组织中的表达及其意义。方法选择30例行开颅手术治疗的急性高血压性脑出血患者,采用免疫组化技术检测ICAM-1在血肿周围脑组织及正常脑组织中的表达。结果实验组血肿周围脑组织可见ICAM-1的表达水平上调,其表达水平明显高于正常脑组织的表达水平(P<0.01)。神经元和血管内皮细胞共同表达ICAM-1,且神经元表达较明显。结论ICAM-1在人类高血压性脑出血血肿周围脑组织的表达水平上调,其表达上调可能参与了血肿周围脑组织的白细胞浸润,最终引发炎性反应和继发性脑损伤。     

Mammotome微创旋切系统在乳腺外科中的应用(附132例分析)

目的探讨B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统对乳腺肿块诊断与治疗的应用价值.方法132例221处乳腺肿块在B超引导下进行Mammotome微创旋切术.其中一侧单发肿块79例,单侧或双侧多发肿块53例,直径0.5～5.2cm,平均1.4 cm,149处肿块临床可扪及.结果所有肿块均完成Mammotome微创旋切切除,平均旋切24次,平均36 min (10～40 min).无一例操作失败.所有肿块均获得明确病理诊断,良性病变129例,乳腺浸润性导管癌3例均行乳腺癌改良根治术.皮肤伤口小,除10例有轻度皮下瘀血外无其它并发症.结论B超引导Mammotome微创旋切系统进行乳腺肿块切除,操作简易,切除彻底,创伤小.     

雷米芬太尼控制性降压对颅脑手术患者血液动力学的影响

目的观察神经外科手术中雷米芬太尼控制性降压对血液动力学的影响。方法20例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期行颅脑手术患者,采用全凭静脉复合麻醉,术中持续泵注雷米芬太尼行控制性降压,维持MAP 60~70 mmHg,观察降压前(T0)、降压达目标时(T1)、维持降压15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)、停降压15 min(T4)3、0 min(T5)6个时点的MAP、HR、心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、心室收缩加速度指数(ACI)、左心做功(LCW)、外周血管阻力(SVR)的变化。结果与T0比较,T1、T2、T3时点MAP、SVR、LCW均显著降低(P<0.01);HR亦明显减慢(P<0.05);CO、CI、ACI无明显降低。结论神经外科手术中行雷米芬太尼控制性降压安全、有效,具有对心功能影响小的优点。     

Study of drug control over postoperative hemorrhage after selective caesarean section

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of carbetocin and oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after selective caesarean section. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen pregnant women who were going to deliver by caesarean section were randomly divided into two paralleled and controlled groups, of which the oxytocin group(group A) contained 105 women and the carbetocin group(group B) 111 women. 20 IU of oxytocin was administrated during operation for both groups, 10 IU directly into uterus and 10 IU intravenously. When the operation was over, 20 IU of oxytocin was dripped for group A lasting for 8 hours, while for group B 100μg of carbetocin was immediately injected intravenously for 1 minute. Blood loss as well as hemoglobin alteration was measured for the comparison of the effect of the two drugs. Blood biochemical indicators were introduced for the evaluation of the safety of carbetocin including the function of liver and kidney and the fasting glucose.Results: No significant difference was revealed between the two groups concerning the postpartum hemorrhage within 24 hours, the postpartum hemorrhage incidence and the changes of hemoglobin. There was no significant difference in the change of liver and kidney function, fasting glucose and electrolyte changes as well.Conclusions: Carbetocin has a similar effect and safety of oxytocin in controlling the blood loss of selective caesarean section.     

木贼对大白鼠实验性高脂血症的影响及急性毒性实验研究

实验结果表明,木贼高,低剂量组,安妥明组均有显著阻止高脂饲料升高大白鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯作用,表明木贼对大白鼠实验性高脂血症有防治作用。急性毒性实验表明其毒性很低。     

Nd∶YAG激光后发性白内障切开技术的探讨

为探讨Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光治疗后发性白内障的技术问题，回顾了３４例３５只眼Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光治疗后发性白内障的类型、击发能量与脉冲、切开方法和术后效果。从Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光的聚焦、能量和切开方法的选择、病人视轴区的确定与术后并发症的观察处理方面，探讨了Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光后发性白内障的切开技术问题。结果表明，Ｎｄ∶ＹＡＧ激光治疗后发性白内障安全有效。为了避免损伤焦点周围的光学界面组织，必须有足够的功率密度和准确的聚焦，从最小能量开始，逐渐增加，直到出现切割效果。由于后发性白内障厚薄、机化程度以及有无人工晶体、虹膜粘连、后囊破裂、玻璃体脱出和偏位激光孔等不同情况，手术时选用适当的切开方法也十分重要。